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Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of Peralkaline A-Type Granites and Syenites from the Suizhou-Zaoyang Region, Central China

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Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of Peralkaline A-Type Granites and Syenites from the Suizhou-Zaoyang Region, Central China Journal of Earth Science, Vol. 29, No. 5, p. 1181–1202, October 2018 ISSN 1674-487X Printed in China https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-018-0877-2 Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of Peralkaline A-Type Granites and Syenites from the Suizhou-Zaoyang Region, Central China Hafizullah Abba Ahmed 1, 2, Changqian Ma *1, Lianxun Wang1, Ladislav A. Palinkaš3, Musa Bala Girei1, 4, Yuxiang Zhu1, Mukhtar Habib5 1. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China 2. Department of Geology, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola P.M.B. 2076, Nigeria 3. Institute of Mineralogy and Petrology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb HR-10000, Croatia 4. Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria 5. Department of Mineral and Petroleum Resources Engineering, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Nigeria Hafizullah Abba Ahmed: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6679-4427; Changqian Ma: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1778-0547 ABSTRACT: In this study, we present systematic petrological, geochemical, LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages and Nd isotopic data for the A-type granites and syenites from Suizhou-Zaoyang region. The results show that the peralkaline A-type granites and syenites were episodically emplaced in Suizhou-Zaoyang region between 450±3 and 441±7 Ma which corresponds to Late Ordovician and Early Silurian periods, respec- tively. Petrologically, the syenite-peralkaline granite association comprises of nepheline normative-syenite and alkaline granite in Guanzishan and quartz normative syenite and alkaline granite in Huangyangshan. The syenite-granite associations are ferroan to alkali in composition. They depict characteristics of typical OIB (oceanic island basalts) derived A-type granites in multi-elements primitive normalized diagram and Yb/Ta vs. Y/Nb as well as Ce/Nb vs. Y/Nb binary plots. Significant depletion in Ba, Sr, P, Ti and Eu indi- cates fractionation of feldspars, biotite, amphiboles and Ti-rich augite. The values of ɛNd(t) in Guanzishan nepheline syenite and alkaline granite are +1.81 and +2.26, respectively and the calculated two-stage model age for these rocks are 1 040 and 1 003 Ma, respectively. On the other hand, the Huangyangshan alkaline granite has ɛNd(t) values ranging from +2.61 to +3.46 and a relatively younger two-stage Nd model age val- ues ranging from 906 to 975 Ma, respectively. Based on these data, we inferred that the Guanzishan nepheline syenites and granites were formed from fractional crystallization of OIB-like basic magmas de- rived from upwelling of metasomatized lithospheric mantle. The Huangyangshan quartz syenite and gran- ite on the other hand, were formed from similar magmas through fractional crystallization with low input from the ancient crustal rocks. Typically, the rocks exhibit A1-type granite affinity and classified as within plate granites associated with the Ordovician crustal extension and the Silurian rifting. KEY WORDS: Huangyangshan, Guanzishan, OIB derived A-type granites, nepheline syenite, alkaline granite, South Qinling, Suizhou-Zaoyang region. 0 INTRODUCTION granitoids compose of iron-rich mafic silicate mineral such as Several contrasting petrogenetic processes in an extension hedenbergite, ferrohastingsite and annite as well as sodic pyrox- setting (within plate or post-collisional setting) give rise to a geo- ene (e.g., aegirine) and sodic amphiboles (e.g., arfvedsonite and/ chemically and minerallogically distinct group of granitoids gen- or riebeckite). Chemically, these diverse groups of rock are gen- erally dubbed as A-type (Grebennikov, 2014; Vilalva and Vlach, erally characterized by remarkable enrichment in high field 2014; Peng et al., 2012; Nardi and de Fatima Bitencourt, 2009; strength elements (HFSE) (e.g., Nb, Ta, and Zr), F, REE (Wang DallʼAgnol and de Oliveira, 2007; Katzir et al., 2007; Litvinovsky et al., 2018; Eby, 1992). Additionally, they have high alkali con- et al., 2002; King et al., 1997; Eby, 1992). Minerallogically, these tent, high FeOT/MgO and Al/Ga, but low CaO content compared to other granitoids (Whalen et al., 1987). Typically, they cover *Corresponding author: [email protected] wide spectrum in composition ranging from strictly alkaline/ © China University of Geosciences and Springer-Verlag GmbH peralkaline, metaluminous and occasionally, peraluminous Germany, Part of Springer Nature 2018 (Bonin, 2007; Martin, 2006). These petrologically distinct grani- toids (also referred to as A-type) are widespread both in space Manuscript received May 12, 2018. and time (e.g., Litvinovsky et al., 2002; Whalen et al., 1987). Manuscript accepted August 19, 2018. Largely due to their association with significant Nb, Ta, Sn, U Ahmed, H. A., Ma, C. Q., Wang, L. X., et al., 2018. Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of Peralkaline A-Type Granites and Syenites from the Suizhou-Zaoyang Region, Central China. Journal of Earth Science, 29(5): 1181–1202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-018-0877- 2. http://en.earth-science.net 1182 Hafizullah Abba Ahmed, Changqian Ma, Lianxun Wang, Ladislav A. Palinkaš, Musa Bala Girei, and et al. and REE mineralization, A-type granites continue to attract at- (Dong and Santosh, 2016; Dong et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2001). tention from several researchers globally (e.g., Jiang et al., 2018; The Tongbai-Hongʼan-Dabie orogenic belt in the South Qinling is Li et al., 2018, 2014; Dostal and Shellnut, 2015; Shellnutt et al., further divided into six tectonic units of different rock assem- 2009). However, in spite of significant advances recorded re- blages, separated by sutures and major fault systems such as cently in applying experimental petrology, trace element and Xiaotian-Mozitan suture, Xixian suture, Tanlu fault, Tongbai- isotopic systematics in constraining the petrogenesis and geody- Mozitan fault, Xiangfan-Guangji fault, Dawu fault and Shangma namic setting of igneous rocks, the genesis of A-type granitoids fault. These six tectonic units include the Beihuaiyang tectonic still remain highly controversial (e.g., Litvinovsky et al., 2015). region, which comprised predominantly of Meso–Neoproterozoic The major controversy lies in the determination of the most suit- Luzhengguan orthogneisses and Paleozoic metaclastic rocks with able magma source for these granitoids (Bonin, 2007; Martin, greenschist facies metamorphic characteristics. The South Dabie 2006; Eby, 1992). Several petrogenetic models involving crustal, unit which is divided by Xiaotian-Mozitan suture has its compo- mantle or the direct mixing of these two distinct end members nents ranging from high-pressure (HP) amphibolites, eclogites sources have been proposed for genesis of A-type granites (Lit- and schist facies to ultra-high-pressure (UHP) eclogite facies (Zhu vinovsky et al., 2015, 2011; Dostal et al., 2014; Jahn et al., 2009; et al., 2017) rocks. Other tectonic units include Nanwan, South Martin, 2006; Wu et al., 2002; King et al., 1997; Patiño Douce, Hongʼan, North Tongbai and South Tongbai units (Fig. 1a). A 1997; Turner et al., 1992). These A-type granites are more com- major feature in South Tongbai tectonic unit is the Meso– positionally diverse than those were initially recognized by Neoproterozoic Wudang uplift, which includes low-grade meta- Loiselle and Wones (1979), who introduced the term “A-type” to morphosed sedimentary-volcanic rocks of the Wudangshan and denote granitoids that are mildly “alkaline” and “anorogenic”; Yaolinghe groups (Wang et al., 2016). In South Qinling, many the term “anhydrous” was later introduced by Bowden (1985), to giant granitic and dioritic intrusions of Neoproterozoic Age, such highlight their low oxygen fugacity and water content. Impor- as the Fenghuangshan and Douling plutons (Dong and Santosh, tantly, the significantly high content of both large-ion lithophile 2016) are overlain by the thick Sinian–Cambrian sedimentary elements (LILE) and HFSE in these rocks suggests that they are sequences, Cambrian–Ordovician carbonate rocks, Silurian shale, derived either from enriched OIB (oceanic island basalts)-like Devonian–Carboniferous clastic sediments intercalated with lime- mantle source or from continental crust (Eby, 1992). However, stone and limited Permian–Triassic sandstone (Zhang et al., 2001). isotopic composition of two enriched OIB mantle reservoirs: South Qinling orogenic belt has experienced widespread EMI and EMII typically overlap with those of continental crust Early Paleozoic magmatism extending to the east from North (Zindler and Hart, 1986). Hence, some OIB mantle derived A- Dabashan Mountains to Suizhou-Zaoyang regions. Mafic and type granitoids could be misinterpreted as crustally derived (e.g., intermediate outcrops constitute the dominant rock units in these Litvinovsky et al., 2015). In this regard, more composite data and areas including limited occurrences of carbonitite and syenitic geological input are therefore required in constraining the origin complexes (Wang et al., 2017; Cao L et al., 2015; Cao Q et al., of A-type granites (Wang et al., 2018; Litvinovsky et al., 2015; 2015; Xu et al., 2008; Zhang et al., 2007; Dong et al., 1998; Yu, Dostal et al., 2014; Jahn et al., 2009; Shellnutt et al., 2009). 1992; Li, 1991). The Guanzishan and Huangyangshan alkaline In this contribution, we present major and trace elements, granitoids occur in the southern margin of Tongbai Orogen out- mineral chemistry, Sr-Nd isotope as well as zircon U/Pb data of
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