Questionnaire for pilot sites

Collection of facts and information of pilot sites for building a comparative, transnational typology of alpine territories

For project partners: Please fill in the predefined gaps and boxes and try to answer all the questions clearly and completely. Use the predefined boxes and stick to the space limitations. If space isn’t enough, please use the attached document to add more information. The questionnaire will be

transferred directly into a kind of factsheet of your pilot site. Therefor please try to give clear information and formulate it well, so that it can be used for presenting your pilot site. If you have questions concerning the filling in, the meaning of a question or anything else, do not hesitate to contact us (iSpace – Dagmar Lahnsteiner, [email protected], CEREMA – David Caubel, [email protected])

Name and type of the territory: Pays Horloger : group of the 3 following intermunicipalities: Communauté de communes du Pays de Maîche (43 municipalities), Communauté de Communes du plateau du Russey (17 municipalities), Communauté de communes du Val de (8 municipalities)

Location (political district / region, federal province, country, other relevant position information):

The Pays Horloger pilote site is located in the Burgundy-Franche-Comté Region, in department. It is considered as being a territorial and rural balance territory grouping 3 intermunicipalities. It borders with (mainly connected to La Chaux-de-Fonds and Neuchatel, the two majors closer Switzerland cities). The Pays Horloger is composed with five areas characterized by their relief. The succession of valleys (Doubs and Dessoubre, Morteau valley) and plateaus (Maîche-, ) provides a wide variety of landscapes, authentic atmospheres, and encourages a multitude of activities in all seasons. It includes 68 municipalities in which the major centre is Morteau in the South.

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- PART A: MAIN TERRITORIAL FEATURES -

Factor Description Please fill in… Population Number of inhabitants (main residence) and year 44 530 inhab (2013) - shares by age groups 59 towns (- 1 000 inhab) 19 165 main residences (household) (2012) - share of working population - 14,6 % of the population : 65 years old and + - 24.5% of the population : - 20 years old

- 23 298 workers in 2012 (active population 15-64 years old) Area Total area of the municipality in km² 700 km2 Pop. density Number of inhabitants per km² (year) 63,6 inhab / km2 (2013) Settlement Number of inhabitants per km² settlement area/ Town of Morteau : 482 inhab/ density theoretically inhabitable area (year) km2 (2013) Elevation Height above mean sea level in m Global elevation between 400 and 1 300 meters. Highest point: Belvedere of Mont Châteleu in the “Val de Morteau“ Settlement Sprawled settlements or mainly compact? Satellite A predominantly rural area, structure areas around a centre or more disconnected characterized by a centres/settlements? Physical barriers? phenomenon of urban sprawl which is expressed in the recent period, mainly in rural towns.

Less than 10 municipalities with more than 1 000 inhabitants. Main town : Morteau Main other towns (+ 1 000 inhab) : Villers, Maiche, , Charquement, Le Russey, , Saint Hippolyte

Two structuring axes: - North-South Road Axis Parallel to the Frontier (RD437) - East-West Axis RD 461 (Besançon-Villers le Lac)

Topography of Is it flat land / hilly terrain/ alpine valley and basin Mid-mountain territory - settlement area landscape? Other? subjected to the Mountain Law Functional Are there any characteristics describing special In terms of spatial planning, characteristics functions of the municipality (e.g.: popular tourist the historical functioning of

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destination, concentration of jobs, school centre, the territory, where economic regional centre, winter sport resort, economically spaces have always been attractive, isolated/ central/ interconnected to,..) intertwined in urban areas, continues. There is no traditional way to organize the areas of “economic activities". One of these kinds of areas is “Le Bélieu” or Morteau, Les Fins. Most of the facilities are concentrated in the main municipalities that are forming "clusters".

The proximity commercial offer is mainly observable in the most populated municipalities, namely Morteau, Le Russey, Maîche and Les Fins. These commercial facilities offer a daily response to the citizen’s needs. The territory offers a complete range of shops: shopping areas with shopping malls, non-food shops and basic products shops. Morteau appears as a real structuring pole for the entire territory. Morteau's commercial caracteristics meets commercial practices that exceed the demand of the ScoT territory inhabitants. Indeed, the commercial transaction volume known and observable in Morteau is also an evidence of the consumption demand coming from the Swiss population that is looking for cheaper goods in . This applies in particular to food and culture.

- tourism and heritage/patrimony are both key points oft he territory to be developed and promoted: landscapes and remarkable sites that foster and enable an outdoor tourism (summer/winter) with many nature activity offers ; many cultural sites related to watchmaking, characteristic 3

of the regional history.

- 3 institutions for dependent elderly people (EHPAD), 1 „home and residence dedicated to autonomy“ of elderly people (MARPA) - 1 hospital in Morteau

- 14 nursery schools and 35 elementary schools - a general and technological high school in Morteau and three technical and / or professional high school in Morteau, Fins and Fontenelles. - 3 EHPAD, 1 MARPA - 1 hospital in Morteau

Jobs Number of workplaces and employees within the 1 employment area = municipality (year) Morteau 140 000 jobs in the cantons of Jura and Neuchâtel

12 800 salaried employees (2012), about half of them in the Morteau-Villers-Les Fins area 2 000 job seekers in 2012

Commuter Number of working population commuting to outside 9 000 cross-border workers balance the municipality (year) Number of people commuting from outside into the 2059 workers residing outside municipality (year) the territory and working in a municipality of the pilot site (Mobpro 2012)

- PART B: MOBILITY SUPPLY AND DEMAND-

1. Modal split: Please insert the smallest-scale modal split values of traffic volume available for the municipality/territory adding also the scale, source, and year (= percentage of travellers using a particular type of transportation).

The flows to Switzerland for journeys to and from work are largely made with individual car.

Scale, source, year Scale, source, year Share by foot value in % by foot 20,4%

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Share bicycle value in % bicycle 3,7% Share MIV value in % motorized individual transport 63,9% (driver & passenger) Share PT value in % public transport 10,4% Share other/n.s. value in % other / not specified 1,6%

2. Public transport - Existing offer: Please describe the existing mobility offer in the municipality/ territory. - Which means of transport do exist? ☒ ☒ ☒ Local bus Regional bus Local train ☐ ☐ ☐ Long-distance train Urban railways (S-Bahn) Tramway ☐ ☐ Metro Other:

Details on the public transport offer: - Mortuacien urban bus: a municipal bus runs on Tuesdays and Fridays, Wednesdays and Thursdays afternoons as well as on Saturday mornings. - County Transports - bus Mobidoubs: the B line between and Montbéliard serves many municipalities, including Morteau, Russey and Maîche. - Transport on demands exists on the scale of the 3 intercommunalities - Regional trains (TER): Watchmakers' line (Besançon - La Chaux-de-Fonds), which offers a stop in Morteau. There are eight daily trips to Besançon for a journey of more or less 1h30. Six return journeys are organized with Switzerland from Morteau, with stops at the train stations of "Locle-Col-des-Roches", , "Crêt-du- Locle" and La Chaux-de-Fonds.

Frequency of major lines - Mortuacien bus: runs from Tuesday to Saturday from 7am to 1pm - departmental buses: ie four daily schedules (excluding weekends and holidays) connecting Morteau to Maîche with eight intermediate stops. The Maîche - Morteau route is operated through three daily schedules.

- regional trains:

Quality of public transport services

A structuring railway axis towards Swisszerland. A low reliance on public transport for commuting housing-work (including incoming and outgoing)

- Frequency of public transport services: what is the shortest interval? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ < 5 minutes 5 - 15 min. 15 - 30 min. 30 – 60 min. > 60 minutes

Characteristic offer of a predominantly rural territory with a generally low population density limiting the performance of the offer; A structuring railway axis (2nd railway axis of Franche-Comté) on the north / south axis. A low reliance on public transport despite the supply in the Lons-le-Saunier metropolitan area.

- How long is the travel time to the next regional/national centre? ☐ ☐ < 15 min OR the next centre is within the pilot site /municipality 15 – 30 minutes ☐ ☐ 30 – 60 minutes > 60 minutes

Besançon Montbéliard Pontarlier Neuchâtel

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Public Public transports Public Public transports Car (Mobidoubs Car transports Car transports Car (Mobidoubs + local (Mobidoubs) (Mobidoubs) + local trains) trains)

Morteau 1:02 1:28 1:30 1:30 0:44 0:45 0:55 1:33

Le Russey 1:01 1:46 1:10 1:10 1:00 1:00 0:58 1:56

Maîche 1:16 2:03 0:53 0:55 1:17 1:18 1:06 2:13

St Hippolyte 1:17 2:12 0:40 0:40 1:22 1:25 1:19 2:26

Access time hh :mm to nearby urban centers 00:00 : Direct connection - 00:00 : 1 connection - 00:00 : 2 connections

Station of Genève Belfort-Montbéliard Besançon Bâle (airport) Paris Gare (airport) TGV Franche-Comté TGV of Lyon

Publi Publi Public Public c c transports transports C Duration Car tran Car tran Car Car (Mobidoubs + TGV spor spor (mobidoubs) local trains) ts ts

Morteau 2:19 3:27 1:59 3:15 1:39 2:00 1:21 2:24 02:16*

Le Russey 2:10 3:05 2:13 3:30 1:17 1:40 1:21 2:47 02:16*

Maîche 1:40 2:40 2:36 3:48 0:52 1:20 1:27 3:04 02:29**

St 1:26 2:34 2:43 3:55 0:46 1:05 1:22 3:17 02:29** Hippolyte

Temps d’accès en hh :mm to transport equipements 00:00 : Direct connection - 00:00 : 1 connection - 00:00 : 2 connections

*From Bourgogne-Franche-Comté TGV train station - **From BM TGV train station

- Is there a multi/intermodal hub? If yes, of which services does it consist (in the case of several hubs, choose a representative/ the best developed one)?

Multimodal cluster 6

Nothing to describe. But, the train station area (Champs de Foire) in Morteau will evolve in that sense.

☒ ☐ No Yes, consisting of:

☐ ☐ ☐ Bus/tram station Railway station ☐ Metro station Park & Ride area ☐ ☐ ☐ Bicycle parking E-bike charging E-car charging ☐ Car sharing ☐ Bike rental ☐ Taxi rank ☐ Other:

3. Public transport - incentives: What is done to make public transport attractive?

☒ Dedicated tariff system (discounted tickets, annual passes, combined/integrated tickets for different means of transport, special offers, etc.) ☐ Dedicated information (websites, smartphone apps, campaigns etc.) ☐ Other (max.150 characters):

Bus Morteau : 0,5€ for a way - Transport on demand Val de Morteau : The service is provided on the Tuesdays and Thursdays on the predefined lines serving all the municipalities: 2 € for a way. The booking has to be made the day before by phone. - Transport on demand on the sector of Maiche : aux demandeurs d’emploi, aux bénéficiaires du revenu de solidarité active (RSA) ou de l’allocation adulte handicapé, ainsi qu’aux titulaires d’une carte d’invalidité. L’aller-retour est facturé 6 €. Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays by phone booking the day before midday; For persons under 26 years old or over 60 years old, for jobseekers, beneficiaries of active solidarity income (RSA) or disable adult allowance. Go and return ticket : 6€. - Transport on demand on the sector of Russey : Two taxi companies provide the service (3 € for a go and return trip within the sector and 6 € beyond). Dedicated to persons over 60 who do not have driving license, or vehicle, jobseekers, persons with low mobility and beneficiaries of social minimas.

4. Supplementary mobility offer and initiatives: Please give a brief description (+ year of implementation, owner/ operator) of supplementary public transport systems and innovative initiatives in the municipality/territory which assist the PT or help to reduce private car use (Park & Ride areas, Carpooling/ Carsharing initiatives, bus-on-demand / call bus, share taxi, Secure hitchhiking, etc.). (max. 5 listings with max. 300 characters each) In recent years, car-sharing has emerged as a mode of transport with great potential for cross-border commuting. Many car-sharing areas are created throughout the territory, mostly along the RD437, and close to the border too (see map below).

A study carried out, beforehand for the implementation of the carsharing service, demonstrated the existing potentials in the Morteau-La-Chaux-de-Fonds sector, by recomposing the actual traffic flows. These destinations clearly show the main routes from the French territories to the Swiss employment centers.

A study carried out within the framework of the Interreg program in 2011 (and 2014-2015) concluded that only Les Fins / La-Chaux-de-Fonds road would be relevant for a public transport; Others sectors would have a relevant potential in terms of public transport only in case the hourly flows would be highly concentrated. 7

On the basis of these elements, a program to development of carsharing service was implemented in the Jura Arc, which was to promote cooperation and contact between co-carriers. The operation is based on a phone principle associated to facilitation and local animation process to foster and accompany potential users. In the same time, all Swiss companies with more than 50 employees were contacted, with the objective of raising awareness of companies, recovering personnel files and appointing an internal referrer.

5. Conditions for non-motorized private transport:

How is the situation for biking and walking within the Are there additional offers like (free) (electric) bicycle municipality/territory?(max. 500 characters) rental, bike sharing or special measures/initiatives for pedestrians? (max. 500 characters) The relief could cause problems for long distances as No well as the quantity of vehicles (cars and trucks).

Lack of secure infrastructures for developing soft modes of transport and extending them on a large scale.

6. Local mobility knowledge:

Which kind of data or studies are used or gathered on local mobility knowledge? Is there any kind of observation system in place to enhance the information about current and forecast local mobility needs, practices and CO2 impacts? (max. 5 listings with max. 300 characters each) A diagnostic on mobility (transport infrastructures, transport services, habits and travel time) is carried out within the Territorial coherence scheme (SCoT), which is currently being drawn up on the basis of the Mobpro 2012 data.

Source : Mobpro

7. Mobility needs and demands:

Do inhabitants or local stakeholders express mobility needs or gaps with regard to the current situation and territorial issues? If yes, what are the major ones? (max. 5 listings with max. 200 characters each) No data available Need expressed:: for transport offers, alternatives to individual car use, with the Switzerland (cf shuttle buses).

- PART C: MOBILITY AND SPATIAL PLANNING BACKGROUND -

1. Planning authorities: Please give an overview of the responsibilities concerning mobility and spatial/housing planning in the municipality/territory. Are there also authorities combining the spatial and mobility planning aspect?

Mobility planning (max. 800 characters) Spatial/housing planning (max. 800 characters)

Doubs County Bourgogne-Farnche-Comté Region PETR (rural and territorial balance pole) of the Pays No organizing authority for trasnport in the Horloger has the skill to define and manage the SCoT communities of the PETR (Territorial Coherence Scheme) 8

No skill for local housing program – no skill for local planning plan

2. Planning instruments: Which planning instruments and strategic documents influence /control spatial/housing and mobility planning in the municipality/territory THE MOST? In which way, at what time and territorial scale do they act? Are they obligatory? Think of any programmes, concepts, regulation, strategic processes etc. (max. 5 listings with max 400 characters each)

The tool is the SCoT : a Territorial Coherence Scheme The scope of the SCoT covers the perimeter of the PETR of the Pays Horloger composed of 3 entities The studies related to the SCOT are in progress ; 15 years. The SCOT will be prescriptive : the local planning plan of the territory will have to be compatible with the SCOT Studies are in progress Studies are in progress

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3. Main objectives: What are current and forecast main objectives and guiding principles for the municipality/territory, linked with mobility issues(+ sources)? Think of local, regional and national scale. (max. 5 listings with max 200 characters each)

The main challenge is to limit the use of the car while travelling from home to work: the territory is very active and highly motorized; The alternatives to the personal use of car must be competitive (in terms of travel duration in particular) to be able to change the habits. Carpooling initiatives are going on and are an objective of the territory ;

4. Planning measures: What are concrete planning measures already in use within the municipality/ territory, helping to reduce CO2 10

and foster/push the usage and implementation of public transport and other low CO2 mobility options? E.g. car- reduced building projects, precautionary land use (saving areas next to public transport infrastructure for building compact settlements), subsidy for compact settlements, strengthening of town centres, regulation of residential densities next to public transport stops (max. 5 listings with max.300 characters each)

The « Champ de Foire » project in Morteau is targeting these objectives. For the SCOT project, choices also have to be made.

-PART D: STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES –

In conclusion, regarding requirements, offer, planning and implementation of low CO2 mobility and related issues, what are: (max. 800 charcters each)

- strengths & benefits of the municipality/territory? - weaknesses & problems of the municip./ territory? Proximity to the Swiss job pool. High motorization rate. Aging of the population. Great living environment and nice landscapes.

Identified tourism potential (landscapes, outdoor recreation, gastronomy). - opportunities & challenges of the municip./territory? - threats & restrictions of the municipality/territory? The demarch for a « Regional Natural Parc » in Threats on the Swiss economy which would progress should contribute to enhancing the affect the functioning of the Pays Horloger. functioning of the territory. Threats on landscapes and living environment if Sustain the regional train and in particular the the past development model were supposed to Morteau / Switzerland section to offer a credible go on. alternative to individual car uses for cross-border commuters.

Developing car-sharing and the companies themselves initiatives to lead to employees to firms.

Developing circulation within and between villages.

-PART E: BEST PRACTICES AND EXPERIENCES TO SHARE-

Are there best practices or experiences examples (maybe yet mentioned) of reduced CO2 mobility offers / projects or initiatives:

- WITHIN THE MUNICIPALITY/TERRITORY OR THE REGION which work very well and can be recommended to other municipalities with similar conditions?

Examples with short explanations (max. 5 listings with Weblink or contact for further information max.300 characters each) http://covoiturage-arcjurassien.com/

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- from OTHER MUNICIPALITIES/TERRITORIES which would be a good solution for the municipality/territory under review?

Examples with short explanations (max. 5 listings with Weblink or contact for further information max.300 characters)

Are there lessons learned from less successful or failed experiences that could be shared in order to improve forthcoming actions in municipalities with similar conditions? (max. 500 characters)

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-PART F: TOOLS FOR MOBILITY AND SPATIAL PLANNING –

Are there any tools/ software products your local authority uses to model effects on land-use and/or transport (e.g. low carbon scenarios) within the process of mobility or spatial planning? Please name them (+ Link and contact Person if available).

No software.

Do you make any tools for estimating effects of individual mobility behaviour and/or location choice available to your citizens? Or do you provide any information or links about such tools on your homepage? Please name them (+ Link and contact Person if available).

No tools.

If you could wish for a (software) tool for sustainable land-use and/or transport decision making, what would it be like? Please name important characteristics, input, output, geographical scale and target groups.

Expectations concerning ASTUS deliverables.

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