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The Late Miocene Mammal Faunas of the Mytilinii Basin, Samos Island, Greece: New Collection - 7

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The Late Miocene Mammal Faunas of the Mytilinii Basin, Samos Island, Greece: New Collection - 7 ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Beiträge zur Paläontologie Jahr/Year: 2009 Band/Volume: 31 Autor(en)/Author(s): Koufos George D. Artikel/Article: The Late Miocene Mammal Faunas of the Mytilinii Basin, Samos Island, Greece: New Collection - 7. Hyracoidea 127-137 ©Verein zur Förderung der Paläontologie am Institut für Paläontologie, Geozentrum Wien Beitr. Paläont., 31:127-137, Wien 2009 The Late Miocene Mammal Faunas of the Mytilinii Basin, Samos Island, Greece: New Collection 7. Hyracoidea by George D. Koufos*) K o u f o s , G.D., 2009. The Late Miocene Mammal Faunas of the Mytilinii Basin, Samos Island, Greece: New Collection. 7. Hyracoidea. — Beitr. Palaont., 31:127-137, Wien. Abstract Gebiet in Samos. In dieser Arbeit wird eine Mandibel beschrieben und mit Altmaterial aus Samos und ebenso The pliohyracids are relatively abundant in the old Samos mit eurasiatischen Pliohyraciden verglichen. Die morpho­ late Miocene mammal collections, known from the be­ logischen wie auch die metrischen Daten erlauben eine Be­ ginning of the last century. Two species are referred to: a stimmung in P. graecus. Dieser Fundpunkt, M TLC, ist ins large-sized one named Pliohyraxgraecus and a small-sized mittlere Turolium (MN 12) eingestuft, also 7,1-7,0 Mill. one named P. kruppii. Among the newly collected material J. mittels magnetostratigrapischer Ergebnisse. Es wird from the Mytilinii Basin of Samos there is a mandible of a eine Übersicht über die geografische und stratigraphische pliohyracid. It was found at the fossiliferous site Mytilinii- Verbreitung der miozänen Klipp schiefer gegeben. 1C (MTLC) situated in the Adrianos ravine, a well-known fossiliferous area of Samos. In this article the M TLC Schlüsselwörter: Obermiozän, Samos, Griechenland, mandible is described and compared to the old material Mammalia, Hyracoidea, Systematik. of Samos as well as to the Eurasian pliohyracids. A ll its morphological and metrical characters allow the attribu­ tion to P. graecus. The fossiliferous site M TLC is dated 1. Introduction to middle Turolian, MN 12 and more precisely to 7.1-7.0 Ma by the magnetostratigraphic data. The geographic The occurrence of hyracoids in the Miocene faunas of and stratigraphic distribution of the Miocene hyraxes in the Eastern Mediterranean is restricted to a dozen of Eurasia is also given in the present article. localities, mainly of late Miocene age. The localities of Samos yielded the richest collection of hyraxes including Keywords: Late Miocene, Samos, Greece, Mammalia, some cranial and mandibular remains. A relatively good Hyracoidea, Systematics. collection has been unearthed from the Turkish locali­ ties of Kemiklitepe (B a u d r y , 1994), while the rest o f the known material was mainly found at the Greek localities Zusammenfassung of Pikermi and Halmyropotamos. Some fragmentary material is also known from few other localities. The first Die Pliohyraciden sind relativ häufig in den alten ober- fossil remains of the Samos hyracoids were described by miozänen Säugetiersammlungen, die seit dem Beginn O s b o r n (1898), F o r s y t h M a j o r (1899) and S c h l o s s e r des letzten Jahrhunderts bekannt sind. Zwei Arten sind (1899a, b). No new material of hyraxes has been recorded genannt: ein große Form, Pliohyrax graecus, und eine kleine in the later excavations. For instance the Brown collection Form, P. kruppii. Unter den Neufunden aus dem Mytilini from Samos at the AM N H , which is quite rich, does not Becken von Samos befindet sich ein Mandibel eines Plio­ include remains of hyraxes. The group is also absent from hyraciden. Sie stammt aus M ytilinii-lC (MTLC) und liegt the small collection Prof. J. Melentis set up in 1963, and in der Adrianos Rinne, einem bekannten fossilführenden housed at the NHM A. During our excavations since 1994 in the Mytilinii basin (Samos), we collected a great amount of vertebrate fos­ sils among which the hyraxes are represented by a single Prof. George D. Koufos, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. mandible. The specimen was found at the fossiliferous site Department of Geology. Laboratory of Geology and Palaeon­ Mytilinii-lC (MTLC). The locality My tilinii-1 (MTL) of tology. GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. e-mail:koufos@geo. the Adrianos ravine contains several fossiliferous sites. The auth.gr site A corresponds to the one where Prof. J.K. Melentis ©Verein zur Förderung der Paläontologie am Institut für Paläontologie, Geozentrum Wien 128 Beitr. Paläont., 31, Wien, 2009 excavated in 1 9 6 3 . The sites B and C are new and the site D Locality: Mytilinii-lC (MTLC), Adrianos ravine, My- probably corresponds to the old Q l of B. Brown (K o u f o s tilinii Basin, Samos, Greece. et al., 1997, 2004; K o s t o p o u l o s et ah, this volume). Material: Mandible, MTLC-39. The present paper describes the single mandible of hyrax Measurements: The mandibular and dental measurements from M TLC and compares it to the old material from are given in Tabs. 1, 2. Samos as well as to the other known material of Eurasia. Description: The studied mandible lacks both ascending The age of MTLC is middle Turolian, MN 12, while the rami and preserves the tooth rows i2, pl-m3 dex and c-m3 palaeomagnetic record suggests an age from 7 .1 - 7 .0 Ma sin. The mandible was found near the surface, consequently (K o s t o p o u l o s et ah, 2 0 0 3 ; K o u f o s et ah, 2 0 0 4 ) . More damaged by erosion and plant roots. The bone of the details about the stratigraphy and position of MTLC are mandible has many cracks and it is heavily fragmented given in K o s t o p o u l o s et ah (this volume). It is worth (PI. 1, figs la, b). The teeth show enduring wear, and in mentioning that the old collections from Samos often lack some of them the enamel has completely disappeared. precise information about the locality of the specimens The mandibular corpus is deep and thick (Tab. 1). A ll the and their stratigraphic position. The new collection has measurements of the studied mandible are slightly larger the advantage to bear the exact location of the sites and than normally anticipated because of the bone fractures. their stratigraphy. From occlusal view, the distance between the tooth rows is large at the level of the i2, then it is being narrower to Abbreviations: p2 and after it is again enlarged to m3 (PI. 1, fig. lc). The AMNH = American Museum of Natural History, New York internal symphysis is wide, concave and inclines roughly AM PG = Athens Museum of Geology and Palaeontology, backwards. The mandibular corpus has a relatively deep University of Athens fossa below the c-p2 (PI. 1, fig. lb). The tooth row is con­ BMNH = British Museum of Natural History, London (The cave from i2 to p2, but then it is straight in buccal direction. Natural History Museum, London) The cheek teeth are selenolophodont. BSPM = Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und i2. It is elongated and strong with a long root which is Historische Geologie, München. directed across the symphysis to the inferior border of HAL = Halmyropotamos, Evia island, Greece the mandibular corpus. It has a triangular section. The KT-A, B, D = Kemiklitepe-A, B, D, Turkey buccal wall is flat and a weak groove runs across it from LGPUT = Laboratory of Geology and Palaeontology, University the base to the top (PI. 1, fig. 2). The lingual surface of of Thessaloniki the i2 is also flattened because of the attrition that makes MNHN = Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris a large wearing facet. There is a strong distolingual and M TLC = Mytilinii-lC, Samos, Greece buccal cingulum. NHMA = Natural History Museum of the Aegean, Samos, c. The canine is premolariform with a triangular occlusal Greece outline (Fig. lb); most of the enamel has vanished because NHMB = Naturhistorisches Museum Basel of heavy wear. The buccal valley separating the protoconid NHM W = Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien and hypoconid is partially preserved; it is deep and open NOW = Neogene Old World database with a basal cingulum. PIK = Pikermi, Greece pi. It is heavily worn and has a sub-triangular occlusal Q l = Quarry 1, Samos, Greece outline. The paraconid, metaconid and entoconid are well PIMZ = Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität developed and distinguished by deep and open valleys. Zürich The base of the valleys is closed by a strong lingual basal PIUW = Paläontologisches Institut, Universität Wien cingulum. The hypoconid is wider than the protoconid and SAM = Samos, old collections the distal wall of the tooth is concave. There is a strong SMNS = Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart buccal cingulum. p2. It is worn and its distal wall is slightly damaged. The The specimens of the various museums or institutes, except paraconid is strong and well developed reaching the lin­ NHM A, are noted in the text by the abbreviation of the gual wall of the tooth. The metaconid is stronger than the museum or institute, the locality and the serial number hypoconid but both are well distinguished. The lingual of the specimen. valleys between the lophs are deep and open, closed only at their base by a strong basal cingulum. The protoconid and hypoconid are separated by a relatively narrow, shallow 2. Palaeontology and open buccal valley that is closed at its base only by a well developed cingulum. Order Hyracoidea H u x l e y , 1 8 6 9 p3. It is slightly broken distolingually and worn.
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