DOCSLIB.ORG

Edina Veterans Memorial a Lasting Tribute

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Edina Veterans Memorial a Lasting Tribute EDINA VETERANS MEMORIAL A LASTING TRIBUTE EDINA, MINNESOTA 2015 [REVISED 2018] EDINA VETERANS MEMORIAL A LASTING TRIBUTE REMEMBERING THE COMMITMENT AND SACRIFICES OF THOSE WHO HAVE SERVED – AND THE FAMILIES AND COMMUNITY THAT SUPPORTED THEM APPRECIATING THE COMMITMENT AND SACRIFICES OF THOSE WHO ARE SERVING AND THOSE WHO WILL SERVE – AND THE FAMILIES AND COMMUNITY THAT SUPPORT THEM Researched and Written by Marshall Schwartz This document was prepared as part of the Edina, Minnesota Veterans Memorial Project. Copyright © 2017 by the Edina Historical Society. All rights reserved by the Edina Historical Society. PREAMBLE The Edina Veterans Memorial was still a work in progress when “Edina Veterans Memorial – A Companion Reader” was released in 2012. This new account, “Edina Veterans Memorial – A Lasting Tribute”, extends past the celebratory memorial envisioned in 2012, to the lasting memorial that now stands so serenely amidst the trees in Utley Park. EDINA’S LEGACY OF PATRIOTIC SERVICE Patriotic service and community support for men and women in uniform are deeply imbedded into the fabric of Edina’s rich history. Thousands of its citizens have honorably served in the Army, Navy, Marines, Coast Guard, Air Force or wartime Merchant Marine over the years. They did not do so alone. Behind each son or daughter in uniform were a loving family, caring friends, and a grateful community. Attracted by the excellent schools, parks, and other quality-of-life attributes, many other veterans took up residence – and continue to do so – in Edina after having served. Data derived from the most recent (2010) U.S. Census shows nearly one in seven (13.9%) of Edina’s adult men and women residents at that time had served in the military. This is more than a full percentage point higher than the national average. Additionally, a survey of residents conducted in 2012 indicated eight of ten Edina households then included at least one veteran or someone only one step removed from a veteran or individual who was serving on active duty. The legacy of military service that is such a pronounced part of Edina’s heritage took root even before Edina was incorporated as an independent village. It extends back to the Civil War era, when Charles McCabe, James Hawkes, James Bryant, and other pioneering residents of what was then rural western Richfield made the trek to Fort Snelling to patriotically, and courageously, volunteer for military service. After the War, returning Union soldiers from the small milling crossroads community were joined by Michael Maloney, Preston Cooper, Beverly Yancey, and other veterans like them who had lived elsewhere in the antebellum Republic and came to settle in the part of Richfield Township that would become Edina. 1 Native and adopted sons who had served in the Grand Army of the Republic during the Civil War went on to play a prominent role in the founding of Edina. Better than one in four of the 56 Founding Fathers who voted at the Grange Hall December 12, 1888 on the proposal to separate from Richfield and incorporate Edina as an independent village was either himself a Civil War veteran or just one step removed from one. The connecting thread of patriotic service and appreciative citizens that has existed in Edina since, and even before, incorporation was most visible at the time of the Second World War. Every third or fourth house in Edina and Morningside (which were then separate villages) typically had one or more service stars displayed in a window at some point during that historic era. Blue stars were for family members who were serving. Gold stars were for loved ones who had perished while serving. Some homes showed both blue and gold stars. The homes displaying service stars were primarily concentrated in what is today the northeast Quadrant of the long-since reunited Edina. The combined number of occupied dwellings present in suburbanized Morningside and northeast Edina at that time far exceeded those located in what were then the still rural southern and western parts of Edina. The unevenness in residential development is reflected in casualties. Fifteen of the 25 households in today’s Edina that trace to servicemen who perished during the Second World War were clustered within Morningside, Edina’s Country Club District (which had 4% of Edina’s land and a third of its dwellings), and adjoining neighborhoods. Like many other communities across America, adults and children living in Edina and Morningside were fully mobilized in both patriotic spirit and activities on the home front during WWII. While family members, friends, neighbors, and co-workers were away serving in the military, the 7,200 residents of the two villages anxiously waited for their safe return. The hopeful community members purchased War Bonds and Stamps and vigorously participated in paper and scrap drives, rationing, Red Cross sewing and blood donor programs, and other patriotic endeavors that supported the war effort. Many also worked in critical defense industries. At the same time, absent sons and daughters in uniform were also embraced and celebrated at local churches and by students and faculty members at the Wooddale School. 2 The service billboard and display panel combination that stood at the corner of 44th Street and France Avenue to honor Morningside men and woman in uniform testifies to the community’s heightened wartime commitment and cohesiveness. There was a name and blue service star for each man or woman from Morningside who was serving, and a name and gold star for each resident who had perished. The first gold star posted was in remembrance of Frank Ellis Jr., who was a crewmember on the USS Arizona when the iconic battleship was sunk during the Japanese attack against U.S. military installations and naval vessels at Pearl Harbor the morning of December 7, 1941. Several Morningside families had multiple members recognized on the service billboard and panel. The Schapers, Hirsches, Entrikins, Phelpses, and Courtneys were prominent among them. Five of the blue stars were for sons of Arthur and Lucie Schaper. Three Hirsch brothers also had blue stars. Two other blue stars were for George and Norma Entrikin. A third star, a gold one, was displayed for their brother John, who had been killed while serving in the Pacific Theatre. Boyd Phelps, whose esteemed grandfather Jonathan Taylor Grimes once owned most of the land that constituted Morningside, was recognized with a blue star. So was his son, Boyd Phelps Jr. The elder Phelps saw service in both the First and Second World Wars. Wayne Courtney and his sister Yvonne were also recognized with personalized blue service stars. Wayne Courtney went on to serve as Mayor of the reunified Village of Edina. Though as deeply committed, Edina did not have a focal point display on the scale of the Morningside service billboard and panel arrangement to publicly recognize Village residents serving in uniform during World War II. A group of Edina citizens joined together at war’s end in 1945 for the purpose of creating a memorial to honor the more than 600 men and women from the Village who had served. World War I Marine aviator Elmer Williams, whose son had died fighting in World War II, played a leading role in the project. The display of appreciation to hometown veterans would have stood off of West 50th Street and Wooddale Avenue; but the noble endeavor clashed with post-war development urgencies, and the goal was never realized. The Edina American Legion Post later established a memorial flagpole in close proximity to that location to honor the patriotic men and women who had served our country in times of war and peace. 3 The American Legion flagpole was part of a larger effort undertaken by neighborhood and civic groups to preserve and enhance the park area abutting the Minnehaha Creek in the vicinity of the West 50th Street and Wooddale Avenue intersection. The flagpole was dedicated May 30, 1955. Edina and Morningside were still separated at that time. The American Legion tribute, which remains a cordial presence on the southwest corner of West 50th Street and Wooddale Avenue, would not be Edina’s last or most prominent physical expression of gratitude to its and all American veterans. THE EDINA VETERANS MEMORIAL PROJECT In keeping with Edina’s deeply imbedded patriotic spirit, its citizens, businesses, and civic organizations joined together with their staunchly supportive municipal government and state legislators in a collaborative undertaking whose ultimate result was the establishment of a lasting veterans memorial in Edina. The dignified landmark interlaces civic and national pride to honor the contributions and sacrifices of all Americans, especially - but not only - those with Edina connections, who have served, are serving, or will someday serve in our nation’s armed forces. The parallel contributions and sacrifices of waiting families and others in the community are also recognized. Organized planning for the collaborative undertaking began in 2010, when Edina’s Parks and Recreation Department Director John Keprios and visionary Edina resident Mike Goergen secured backing from Mayor Jim Hovland and the City Council for the project. A volunteer committee chaired by Goergen was then established to develop and implement a project plan for a permanent tribute to the veterans who have valiantly served over the years to protect our nation’s freedoms. The resultant Edina Veterans Memorial was dedicated on Memorial Day, May 25, 2015. Popular John Keprios had retired by that time, and his partner Mike Goergen had been succeeded as head of the memorial committee by the equally enthused closer Richard Olson. Dedication of the Edina Veterans Memorial at Utley Park May 25, 2015 4 Edina’s celebratory Veterans Memorial is positioned at West 50th Street and Wooddale Avenue, in an attractively landscaped part of Utley Park.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Story of Fort Snelling and Its State Park Page 4
    RAMSEY COUNTY Colorful, Contentious- St. Paul’s 100-Year-Old Neighborhood Press A Publication of the Ramsey County Historical Society Page 13 Summer, 1993 Volume 28, Number 2 Birth, Death, Reincarnation The Story of Fort Snelling and Its State Park Page 4 Old Fort Snelling in 1844. This water color and gouache painting by John Casper Wild shows the fort a few years before Minnesota became a territory. The many pitfalls in the effort to save, restore and rebuild the fort and create Fort Snelling State Park are de­ scribed by an active participant, in the article beginning on page 4. Minnesota Historical Society photograph of the original paint­ ing, which is in its collection. RAMSEY COUNTY HISTORY Executive Director PrisciUa.Famham Editor Virginia Brainard Kunz RAMSEY COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY BOARD OF DIRECTORS William S. Fallon CONTENTS Chairman o f the Board Joanne Englund President 3 Letters John M. Lindley First Vice President 4 Birth, Death and Reincarnation— James Russell The Story of Fort Snelling and Its State Park Treasurer Samuel H. Morgan Sidney P. Abramson, Arthur Baumeister, Jr., Thomas Boyd, Marshall Hatfield, John 13 Colorful, Sometimes Contentious— Harens, Liz Johnson, Don Larson, Judge Margaret M. Marrinan, Dr. Thomas B. St. Paul’s 100-Year-Old Neighborhood Press Mega, Laurie Murphy, Richard T. Murphy, Sr., Eileen Roberts, Darrell Rooney, Mark Jane McClure Stein, Richard A. Wilhoit and Laurie Zenner. 20 Growing Up in St. Paul Albert Fuller and the Family Business EDITORIAL BOARD Liz Holum Johnson John M. Lindley, chairman; Thomas H. Boyd, Thomas C. Buckley, Charlton Dietz, 25 Books Thomas J.
    [Show full text]
  • Douglas Close Call
    AUGUST 2020 INSIDE: Arizona Memorial Boat Tours reopen Hurricane ADouglas Close Call Pearl Harbor and the End of World War II HAWAII PHOTO OF THE MONTH Your Navy Team in Hawaii CONTENTS Commander, Navy Region Hawaii oversees two installations: Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam on PREPAREDNESS Oahu and Pacific Missile Range Facility, Barking Sands, on Kauai. As Naval Surface Group Middle A Close Call Director of Public Aff airs, Navy Region Hawaii Pacific, we provide oversight for the ten surface Highlights of Hurricane Lydia Robertson ships homeported at JBPHH. Navy aircraft Douglas squadrons are also co-located at Marine Corps Deputy Director of Public Aff airs, Base Hawaii, Kaneohe, Oahu, and training is Navy Region Hawaii sometimes also conducted on other islands, but Mike Andrews most Navy assets are located at JBPHH and PMRF. These two installations serve fleet, fighter │4-5 Director of Public Aff airs, and family under the direction of Commander, Navy Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam Installations Command. ENVIRONMENTAL Chuck Anthony A guided-missile cruiser and destroyers of MDSU-1, NAVSEA Director of Public Aff airs, Commander, Naval Surface Force Pacific deploy remove FORACS Commander, Navy Region Pacifi c Missile Range Facility equipment off Nanakuli Tom Clements independently or as part of a group for Commander, Hawaii And Naval Surface Group U.S. Third Fleet and in the Seventh Fleet and Fifth Middle Pacifi c Managing Editor Fleet areas of responsibility. The Navy, including Anna Marie General your Navy team in Hawaii, builds partnerships and REAR ADM. ROBERT CHADWICK strengthens interoperability in the Pacific. Each │6-7 Military Editor year, Navy ships, submarines and aircraft from MC2 Charles Oki Hawaii participate in various training exercises with COVER STORY allies and friends in the Pacific and Indian Oceans to Contributing Staff strengthen interoperability.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Air Force and Its Antecedents Published and Printed Unit Histories
    UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AND ITS ANTECEDENTS PUBLISHED AND PRINTED UNIT HISTORIES A BIBLIOGRAPHY EXPANDED & REVISED EDITION compiled by James T. Controvich January 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTERS User's Guide................................................................................................................................1 I. Named Commands .......................................................................................................................4 II. Numbered Air Forces ................................................................................................................ 20 III. Numbered Commands .............................................................................................................. 41 IV. Air Divisions ............................................................................................................................. 45 V. Wings ........................................................................................................................................ 49 VI. Groups ..................................................................................................................................... 69 VII. Squadrons..............................................................................................................................122 VIII. Aviation Engineers................................................................................................................ 179 IX. Womens Army Corps............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • PDF of M. Flueger Article
    A map of Fort Snelling by year’s end.⁴ They were built of wood, unlike drawn in the offices of First Lieutenant the more permanent stone dwellings before John Biddle, chief them. Within twenty-five years, nearly all of engineer officer of the these structures passed into memory—mostly Department of Dakota (1885). The lost barracks forgo*en—until recently. (e) are located on the So, who resided in these quickly constructed bluff overlooking the barracks? Initially, the troops of the Seventh Mississippi River. Courtesy of US Infantry, but the Twenty-Fi+h Infantry, National Archives, stationed at Fort Snelling from November 1882 no. 92-225-1054-1061. until May 1888, resided there the longest. Upon arrival, just under two hundred men moved into the barracks. This regiment was one of two segregated infantry regiments of soldiers under the command of white officers in the United States. There also were two segregated cavalry regiments.⁵ These troops became known as America’s legendary “buffalo soldier” regiments, com- prised of African Ameri can men. The Twen- ty-Fi+h was stationed at posts throughout Texas and New Mexico from 1870 to 1880, skirmishing with Native Ameri cans across the region. The regiment transferred to the Department of Dakota in 1880. Headquarters Company, Regimental Band, and Companies B, F, and I were stationed at Fort Randall, Dakota Territory, before their arrival at Fort Snelling. Company C was stationed at Fort Hale, Dakota Territory. The first group arrived at Fort Snelling This upheaval became the impetus for the on November 20, 1882, followed by Company F construction of new brick homes and an ad- on the twenty-first and Company C on the ministration building on Taylor Avenue, which twenty-third.⁶ would eventually be known as the Upper Post.
    [Show full text]
  • The USS Arizona Memorial
    National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places U.S. Department of the Interior Remembering Pearl Harbor: The USS Arizona Memorial Remembering Pearl Harbor: The USS Arizona Memorial (National Park Service Photo by Jayme Pastoric) Today the battle-scarred, submerged remains of the battleship USS Arizona rest on the silt of Pearl Harbor, just as they settled on December 7, 1941. The ship was one of many casualties from the deadly attack by the Japanese on a quiet Sunday that President Franklin Roosevelt called "a date which will live in infamy." The Arizona's burning bridge and listing mast and superstructure were photographed in the aftermath of the Japanese attack, and news of her sinking was emblazoned on the front page of newspapers across the land. The photograph symbolized the destruction of the United States Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor and the start of a war that was to take many thousands of American lives. Indelibly impressed into the national memory, the image could be recalled by most Americans when they heard the battle cry, "Remember Pearl Harbor." More than a million people visit the USS Arizona Memorial each year. They file quietly through the building and toss flower wreaths and leis into the water. They watch the iridescent slick of oil that still leaks, a drop at a time, from ruptured bunkers after more than 50 years at the bottom of the sea, and they read the names of the dead carved in marble on the Memorial's walls. National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places U.S. Department of the Interior Remembering Pearl Harbor: The USS Arizona Memorial Document Contents National Curriculum Standards About This Lesson Getting Started: Inquiry Question Setting the Stage: Historical Context Locating the Site: Map 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Countywide Airspace Usage
    A PPENDIX I Countywide Airspace Usage Riverside County is within one of the busiest and most complex sections of airspace in the United States, handling over 4.3 million operations annually. To better understand the magnitude of these op- erations and complexities of this system, Map 1 depicts Instrument Flight Rule (IFR) operations for the six busiest airports in the area for a 24-hour period on January 26, 1996. This exhibit does not depict operations from the 14 airports in Riverside County Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan update. AIRSPACE STRUCTURE Since the advent of aviation, nations have established procedures within their boundaries to regulate the use of airspace. Airspace is broadly classified as either “controlled” or “uncontrolled” in the United States. The difference between the two categories relates primarily to requirements for pilot qualifica- tions, ground-to-air communications, navigation and traffic services, and weather conditions. Six classes of airspace have been designated in the United States. Airspace designated as Class A, B, C, D, or E is considered controlled airspace. Aircraft operating within controlled airspace are subject to vary- ing requirements for positive air traffic control. The airspace in Riverside County, as illustrated on Map 2, is constantly occupied by aircraft arriving and departing from other airports in the region. Frequently, overflights experienced in communities near Riverside County airports are not the result of operations at nearby airports, but from aircraft us- ing airports outside Riverside County. After the preparation of this plan, additional approaches have been established for aircraft arriving at Los Angeles International Airport. These new approaches were not included as part of the map development process for this plan.
    [Show full text]
  • 1779 Soldiers, Sailors and Marines Kyllonen
    1779 Soldiers, Sailors and Marines Kyllonen pation, farmer; inducted at Hillsboro on April 29, 1918; sent to Camp Dodge, Iowa; served in Company K, 350th Infantry, to May 16, 1918; Com- pany K, 358th Infantry, to discharge; overseas from June 20, 1918, to June 7, 1919. Engagements: Offensives: St. Mihiel; Meuse-Argonne. De- fensive Sectors: Puvenelle and Villers-en-Haye (Lorraine). Discharged at Camp Dodge, Idwa, on June 14, 1919, as a Private. KYLLONEN, CHARLEY. Army number 4,414,704; registrant, Nelson county; born, Brocket, N. Dak., July 5, 1894, of Finnish parents; occu- pation, farmer; inducted at La,kota on Sept. 3, 1918; sent to Camp Grant, Ill.; served in Machine Gun Training Center, Camp Hancock, Ga., to dis- charge. Discharged at Camp Hancock, Ga., on March 26, 1919, as a Private. KYLMALA, AUGUST. Army number 2,110,746; registrant, Dickey county; born, Oula, Finland, Aug. 9, 1887; naturalized citizen; occupation, laborer; inducted at Ellendale on Sept. 21, 1917; sent. to Camp Dodge, Iowa; served in Company I, 352nd Infantry, to Nov. 28, 1917; Company L, 348th Infantry, to May 18, 1918; 162nd Depot Brigade, to June 17, 1918; 21st Battalion, M. S. Gas Company, to Aug. 2, 1918; 165th Depot Brigade, to discharge. Discharged at Camp Travis, Texas, on Dec. 4, 1918, as a Private. KYNCL, JOHN. Army number 298,290; registrant, Cavalier county; born, Langdon, N. Dak., March 27, 1896, of Bohemian parents; occupation, farmer; inducted at Langdon on Dec. 30, 1917; sent to Fort Stevens, Ore.; served in Battery D, 65th Artillery, Coast Artillery Corps, to discharge; overseas from March 25, 1918, to Jan.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Defense Office of the Secretary
    Monday, May 16, 2005 Part LXII Department of Defense Office of the Secretary Base Closures and Realignments (BRAC); Notice VerDate jul<14>2003 10:07 May 13, 2005 Jkt 205001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\16MYN2.SGM 16MYN2 28030 Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 93 / Monday, May 16, 2005 / Notices DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Headquarters U.S. Army Forces Budget/Funding, Contracting, Command (FORSCOM), and the Cataloging, Requisition Processing, Office of the Secretary Headquarters U.S. Army Reserve Customer Services, Item Management, Command (USARC) to Pope Air Force Stock Control, Weapon System Base Closures and Realignments Base, NC. Relocate the Headquarters 3rd Secondary Item Support, Requirements (BRAC) U.S. Army to Shaw Air Force Base, SC. Determination, Integrated Materiel AGENCY: Department of Defense. Relocate the Installation Management Management Technical Support ACTION: Notice of Recommended Base Agency Southeastern Region Inventory Control Point functions for Closures and Realignments. Headquarters and the U.S. Army Consumable Items to Defense Supply Network Enterprise Technology Center Columbus, OH, and reestablish SUMMARY: The Secretary of Defense is Command (NETCOM) Southeastern them as Defense Logistics Agency authorized to recommend military Region Headquarters to Fort Eustis, VA. Inventory Control Point functions; installations inside the United States for Relocate the Army Contracting Agency relocate the procurement management closure and realignment in accordance Southern Region Headquarters to Fort and related support functions for Depot with Section 2914(a) of the Defense Base Sam Houston. Level Reparables to Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, and designate them as Closure and Realignment Act of 1990, as Operational Army (IGPBS) amended (Pub.
    [Show full text]
  • The Weeping Monument: a Pre and Post Depositional Site
    THE WEEPING MONUMENT: A PRE AND POST DEPOSITIONAL SITE FORMATION STUDY OF THE USS ARIZONA by Valerie Rissel April, 2012 Director of Thesis: Dr. Brad Rodgers Major Department: Program in Maritime History and Archaeology Since its loss on December 7, 1941, the USS Arizona has been slowly leaking over 9 liters of oil per day. This issue has brought about conversations regarding the stability of the wreck, and the possibility of defueling the 500,000 to 600,000 gallons that are likely residing within the wreck. Because of the importance of the wreck site, a decision either way is one which should be carefully researched before any significant changes occur. This research would have to include not only the ship and its deterioration, but also the oil’s effects on the environment. This thesis combines the historical and current data regarding the USS Arizona with case studies of similar situations so a clearer picture of the future of the ship can be obtained. THE WEEPING MONUMENT: A PRE AND POST DEPOSITIONAL SITE FORMATION STUDY OF THE USS ARIZONA Photo courtesy of Battleship Arizona by Paul Stillwell A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Program in Maritime Studies Department of History East Carolina University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Masters in Maritime History and Archaeology by Valerie Rissel April, 2012 © Valerie Rissel, 2012 THE WEEPING MONUMENT: A PRE AND POST DEPOSITIONAL SITE FORMATION STUDY OF THE USS ARIZONA by Valerie Rissel APPROVED BY: DIRECTOR OF THESIS______________________________________________________________________ Bradley Rodgers, Ph.D. COMMITTEE MEMBER________________________________________________________ Michael Palmer, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Pearl Harbor
    INSIDE Hawaii Military Week Events A-2 Word on the Street A-3 Radio Recon Screening A-4 SACO of the Quarter A-6 Every Clime and Place A-8 Asian/Pacific Heritage B-1 MCCS B-2 Sports B-3 Windward Half Marathon B-4 M ARINEARINEMarine Makeponos B-5 VolumeM 30, Number 19 www.mcbh.usmc.mil May 24, 2001 Epic premiers on Oahu Camp Smith Marine honored Cpl. Jacques-René Hébert MarForPac Public Affairs CAMP H.M. SMITH – A product from a diverse past, his parents had crossed archaic and outdated social and cultural lines to make a life together. His father was full-blooded Jewish, while his mother was half Spanish and half Puerto Rican. The two met in his father’s native Brooklyn, N.Y and eventually settled there. A city of asphalt and anger, poetry and police, Brooklyn boasts a patchwork of neighborhoods that vary drastically in nationality and cultural identities. But for 1st Sgt. Harry Rivera of Headquarters and Service Co., Camp H.M. Smith, his upbringing was filled with love and discipline, which shel- tered him from the hard New York streets. “New York’s diversity gave me an op- portunity to see from many different perspectives,” Rivera reflected. “My father was firm,” he remem- bered. “Whatever I did, he stressed that I do it to the best of my ability.” Image by Andrew Cooper for Touchstone Pictures And this he did. Rivera was recog- A stupendous air attack upon Pearl Harbor by bombers from the Imperial Empire of Japan shatters the world and changes the nized as Marine Corps Times “Marine course of history, in Touchstone Pictures’ epic drama, “Pearl Harbor,” which opens in theaters Friday.
    [Show full text]
  • 9/11 Report”), July 2, 2004, Pp
    Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page i THE 9/11 COMMISSION REPORT Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page v CONTENTS List of Illustrations and Tables ix Member List xi Staff List xiii–xiv Preface xv 1. “WE HAVE SOME PLANES” 1 1.1 Inside the Four Flights 1 1.2 Improvising a Homeland Defense 14 1.3 National Crisis Management 35 2. THE FOUNDATION OF THE NEW TERRORISM 47 2.1 A Declaration of War 47 2.2 Bin Ladin’s Appeal in the Islamic World 48 2.3 The Rise of Bin Ladin and al Qaeda (1988–1992) 55 2.4 Building an Organization, Declaring War on the United States (1992–1996) 59 2.5 Al Qaeda’s Renewal in Afghanistan (1996–1998) 63 3. COUNTERTERRORISM EVOLVES 71 3.1 From the Old Terrorism to the New: The First World Trade Center Bombing 71 3.2 Adaptation—and Nonadaptation— ...in the Law Enforcement Community 73 3.3 . and in the Federal Aviation Administration 82 3.4 . and in the Intelligence Community 86 v Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page vi 3.5 . and in the State Department and the Defense Department 93 3.6 . and in the White House 98 3.7 . and in the Congress 102 4. RESPONSES TO AL QAEDA’S INITIAL ASSAULTS 108 4.1 Before the Bombings in Kenya and Tanzania 108 4.2 Crisis:August 1998 115 4.3 Diplomacy 121 4.4 Covert Action 126 4.5 Searching for Fresh Options 134 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Air Force Construction Cost Handbook
    DIRECTORATE OF ENGINEERING SUPPORT HISTORICAL AIR FORCE CONSTRUCTION COST HANDBOOK AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT AGENCY TYNDALL AIR FORCE BASE FLORIDA 32403-5319 FEBRUARY 2007 HISTORICAL AIR FORCE CONSTRUCTION COST HANDBOOK TABLE OF CONTENTS I. GENERAL INFORMATION AND DEFINITIONS II. HISTORICAL DATA BY FACILITY TYPE III. HISTORICAL DATA BY CATEGORY CODE IV. SIZE ADJUSTMENT V. ESCALATION TABLES VI. LOCATION FACTORS VII. SUPPORTING FACILITY UNIT COSTS VIII. SIOH, CONTINGENCIES, AND ROUNDING SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION AND DEFINITIONS SECTION ONE GENERAL INFORMATION AND DEFINITIONS GENERAL INFORMATION The Historical Air Force Construction Cost Handbook is prepared by the Directorate of Technical Support, HQ AFCESA/CESC, to provide valid historical costs used in preparing cost estimates and analyses for Air Force construction. Updates are made annually. Prices for OSD Common Facilities, Area Cost Factors, escalation rates, and the size adjustment curve are from UFC 3-701-07, DoD Facility Pricing Guide. Data for AF Unique Facility Costs, Supporting Facility Costs, and Supporting Facility Percentages are from AF Historical data in the Program, ACES system, DD Forms 1391, the Parametric Cost Engineering System (PACES); or from detailed quantity take- off estimates from typical designs. The historical costs are carefully purged to ensure the correct data is listed. Projects with unusual costs often turn out to be additions, alterations, or add/alter projects and are not used in the database. Other reasons include bidding climate, special design features included that are not normally used on an average facility, or unique conditions at a certain location. Facilities with no historical database are listed as "USER" facility types in the category code listing.
    [Show full text]