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Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Tuesday, November 26, 2002 Part II Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration 14 CFR Parts 1, 25, and 97 1-g Stall Speed as the Basis for Compliance With Part 25 of the Federal Aviation Regulations; Final Rule VerDate 0ct<31>2002 14:24 Nov 25, 2002 Jkt 200001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\26NOR2.SGM 26NOR2 70812 Federal Register / Vol. 67, No. 228 / Tuesday, November 26, 2002 / Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Docket you selected, click on the For example, under part 25, V2 must be document number for the item you wish at least 1.2 times VS, the final takeoff Federal Aviation Administration to view. climb speed must be at least 1.25 times You can also get an electronic copy VS, and the landing approach speed 14 CFR Parts 1, 25, and 97 using the Internet through the Office of must be at least 1.3 times VS. [Docket No. 28404; Amendment Nos. 1–49, Rulemaking’s Web page at http:// The speed margin, or difference in 25–108, 97–1333] www.faa.gov/avr/armhome.htm or the speed, between VS and each minimum Federal Register’s Web page at http:// operating speed provides a safety RIN 2120–AD40 www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/aces/ ‘‘cushion’’ to ensure that normal aces140.html. operating speeds are sufficiently higher 1-g Stall Speed as the Basis for You can also get a copy by submitting than the speed at which the airplane Compliance With Part 25 of the Federal a request to the Federal Aviation stalls. Using multiplying factors applied Aviation Regulations Administration, Office of Rulemaking, to VS to provide this speed margin, AGENCY: Federal Aviation ARM–1, 800 Independence Avenue however, assumes that VS provides a Administration (FAA), DOT. SW., Washington, DC, 20591, or by proper reference stall speed. Since VS is calling (202) 257–9680. Make sure to ACTION: Final rule. the minimum speed obtained in the identify the amendment number or stalling maneuver, it can be less than SUMMARY: This action amends the docket number of this rulemaking. the lowest speed at which the airplane’s airworthiness standards for transport Small Business Regulatory Enforcement weight is still supported entirely by category airplanes to redefine the Fairness Act aerodynamic lift. If VS is significantly reference stall speed for transport less than this speed, applying The Small Business Regulatory category airplanes as a speed not less multiplying factors to VS to determine than the 1-g stall speed instead of the Enforcement Fairness Act (SBREFA) of the minimum operating speeds may not minimum speed obtained in a stalling 1996 requires FAA to comply with provide as large a speed margin as maneuver. The FAA is taking this action small entity requests for information or intended. to provide for a consistent, repeatable advice about compliance with statutes A proper reference stall speed should reference stall speed; ensure consistent and regulations within its jurisdiction. provide a reasonably consistent and dependable maneuvering margins; Therefore, any small entity that has a approximation of the wing’s maximum provide for adjusted multiplying factors question regarding this document may usable lift. Maximum usable lift occurs to maintain approximately the current contact their local FAA official, or the at the minimum speed for which the lift requirements in areas where use of the person listed under FOR FURTHER provided by the wing is capable of minimum speed in the stalling INFORMATION CONTACT. You can find out supporting the weight of the airplane. maneuver has proven adequate; and more about SBREFA on the Internet at This speed is known as the 1-g stall harmonize the applicable regulations our site, http://www.faa.gov/avr/arm/ speed because the load factor (the ratio with those currently adopted in Change sbrefa.htm. For more information on of airplane lift to weight) at this speed 15 to the European Joint Aviation SBREFA, e-mail us at 9–AWA– is equal to 1.0 ‘‘g’’ (where ‘‘g’’ is the Requirements-25 (JAR–25). These [email protected]. acceleration caused by the force of gravity) in the direction perpendicular changes will provide a higher level of Background safety for those cases in which the to the flight path of the airplane. Speeds These amendments are based on lower than the 1-g stall speed during the current methods result in artificially notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) low operating speeds. stalling maneuver represent a transient Notice No. 95–17, which was published flight condition that, if used as a EFFECTIVE DATE: December 26, 2002. in the Federal Register on January 18, reference for the deriving minimum FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Don 1996 (61 FR 1260). In that notice, the operating speeds, may not provide the Stimson, Airplane and Flightcrew FAA proposed amendments to 14 CFR desired speed margin to protect against Interface Branch, ANM–111, Transport parts 1, 25, 36, and 97 to redefine the inadvertently stalling the airplane. Airplane Directorate, Aircraft reference stall speed (VSR) for transport For transport category airplanes, the Certification Service, FAA, 1601 Lind category airplanes as the 1-g stall speed minimum speed obtained in the stall Avenue SW., Renton, WA 98055–4056; instead of the minimum speed obtained maneuver of § 25.103 usually occurs telephone (425) 227–1129; facsimile in the stalling maneuver. The FAA near the point in the maneuver where (425) 227–1320, e-mail received nearly 40 comments from 12 the airplane spontaneously pitches [email protected]. different commenters on the proposals nose-down or where the pilot initiates SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: contained in Notice No. 95–17. As a recovery after reaching a deterrent level result of these comments, this final rule of buffet, i.e., a vibration of a magnitude Availability of Rulemaking Documents differs in some aspects from the original and severity that is a strong and You can get an electronic copy using proposals. effective deterrent to further speed the Internet by taking the following As explained in Notice No. 95–17, the reduction. Early generation transport steps: stalling speed (VS) is defined as the category airplanes, which had fairly (1) Go to the search function of the minimum speed demonstrated in the straight wings and non-advanced Department of Transportation’s performance stall maneuver described airfoils, typically pitched nose-down electronic Docket Management System in § 25.103 of 14 CFR part 25 (part 25). near the 1-g stall speed. The minimum (DMS) web page (http://dms.dot.gov/ VS has historically served as a reference speed in the maneuver was easy to note search). speed for determining the minimum and record, and served as an adequate (2) On the search page type in the last operating speeds required under part 25 approximation of the speed for four digits of the Docket number shown for transport category airplanes. maximum lift. at the beginning of this notice. Click on Examples of minimum operating speeds For the recent generation of high ‘‘search.’’ that are based on VS include the takeoff speed transport category airplanes with (3) On the next page, which contains safety speed (V2), the final takeoff climb swept wings and highly advanced the Docket summary information for the speed, and the landing approach speed. airfoils, however, the minimum speed VerDate 0ct<31>2002 14:24 Nov 25, 2002 Jkt 200001 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\26NOR2.SGM 26NOR2 Federal Register / Vol. 67, No. 228 / Tuesday, November 26, 2002 / Rules and Regulations 70813 obtained in the stalling maneuver can be maneuver, the FAA has been push the nose down (e.g., stick pushers) substantially lower than the speed for encouraging applicants to use the 1-g near the angle of attack for maximum maximum lift. Furthermore, the point at stall speed methodology in lieu of the lift. These devices are typically installed which the airplane pitches nose down minimum speed obtained in the stalling on airplanes with unacceptable natural or exhibits a deterrent level of buffet is maneuver. Applicants generally desire stalling characteristics. The abrupt nose more difficult to distinguish and can to use 1-g stall speeds because the 1-g down push provides an artificial stall vary with piloting technique. As a stall speeds are less dependent on pilot indication and acceptable stall result, the minimum speed in the technique and other subjective characteristics, and prevents the stalling maneuver has become an evaluations. Hence, 1-g stall speeds are airplane from reaching a potentially inappropriate reference for most modern easier to predict and provide a higher hazardous natural aerodynamic stall. high speed transport category airplanes level of confidence for developing Typically, the minimum speed obtained for establishing minimum operating predictions of overall airplane in this maneuver is approximately equal speeds since it may: (1) Be performance. Again, reduced to the 1-g stall speed. inconsistently determined, and (2) multiplying factors are applied to the 1- Traditionally, the existing multiplying represent a flight condition in which the g stall speeds to obtain minimum factors have been applied to these load factor perpendicular to the flight operating speeds equivalent to the airplanes. The proposal to define the path is substantially less than 1.0 g. speeds that have been found acceptable reference stall speed as the 1-g stall In recent years, advanced technology in operational service. Using 1-g stall speed would generally have no impact transport category airplanes have been speeds ensures that the airplane’s for these airplanes, but reducing the developed that employ novel flight minimum operating speeds will not be multiplying factors would allow lower control systems. These flight control unreasonably low.
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