WHERE LEARNING IS FUN!

SCIENCE IN THE PARK TABLE OF CONTENTS

Letter to Classroom Teachers ...... ……………...1

Mystery Mine ...... …...... 2-8

Thunderhead ………………………...... 9-11

Wild Eagle ………………...... ………………..12-14

Lightning Rod ………...... ………………..15-21

Dragonflier ………...... ……………...22-28 Dear Classroom Teachers,

We would like to thank all of the teachers who are leading our students down the path of science and math. You are the people who will make a positive influence in the lives of our best and brightest youth. For that reason alone, America has a great future.

Thank you so much for using as your classroom. We hope that this latest edition of our Science in the Park lesson plan will be a good challenge for your 7th through 9th grade math and science students. This lesson plan also can be adapted for 10th through 12th grade.

Thank You,

Gary Joines, Author Science in the Park

1

FOR THE TEACHER

8.11.spi. Recognize that forces cause changes in speed and/or the direction of motion.

WEBSITE http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/BGA/Dan/airplane_parts_act.htm Print the questions for airplane parts from the above website.

Bernoulli’s Principle

Immelmann Turn

Hammerhead Turns

Chandelle

Power on Stall

Roll

Pitch

Yaw

2 DEFINITIONS

Bernoulli’s Principle A fluid in motion creates less pressure than the surrounding fluid. (This definition is adequate for this lesson.)

Immelmann Turn Half looping up followed by half a roll. There should be no pause between the end of the looping section and the start of the roll. If you do this maneuver in reverse you execute a .

Hammerhead Pull up to vertical. Then the aircraft moves to the left and drops back into the vertical.

Chandelle Consists of a maximum climb, maximum bank combinations to obtain the greatest altitude gain for a given airspeed and at the same time making a 180 degree course reversal.

Power on stall Climb vertically to a stall and then the airplane rotates over to drop vertically into a power dive.

Roll Roll is the rotation around the longitudinal axis-an axis drawn through the body of the vehicle from tail to nose in the normal direction of flight, or the direction the pilot faces.

Pitch Pitch is the rotation around the lateral or transverse axis. The nose pitches up and the tail down, or vice-versa.

Yaw Yaw is the rotation about the vertical axis.

3 MYSTERY MINE CLASSROOM EXERCISES

Have students make paper airplanes with control surfaces. Then have them pre- dict airplane movement and test their predictions for different combinations of elevator, rudder and aileron positions. For other paper airplane activities, go to the following sites:

1. Paper Airplane Activity http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K- 12/aerosim/LessonHS97/paperairplaneac.html.

2. How to Build a Paper Jet Model http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K- 12/WindTunnel/Activities/foldairplane.html.

Using the picture above and a little imagination, answer the following questions. The motion of all airplane parts is as if you were looking at the airplane from the front.

1. What are the names of the parts of the airplane picture above? a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i.

4 MYSTERY MINE 2. Describe the following aircraft motions. a. Pitch: b. Roll: c. Yaw: d. Loop: e. Dive: f. Climb: g. :

3. What are the functions of the parts of the plane pictured on page 4? a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l.

5 MYSTERY MINE 4. Which parts are used to control lift at low speed for takeoff and landing?

5. Which parts, installed one to each wing, operate in opposite directions (i.e., one up and one down)?

6. If the part in Problem 4 on the right wing is up and the one on the left wing is down, what will the airplane do?

7. If the pilot lowers the elevator, what will the airplane’s tail do? What will this in turn cause the airplane’s nose to do?

8. If the pilot moves the rudder to the left, what will the airplane’s tail do? What will this in turn cause the airplane’s nose to do?

9. What motion will occur in an airplane with the elevator deflected up and the rudder deflected to the right?

10. Define a spoiler and describe its function.

6 MYSTERY MINE FOR THE STUDENT

Google: All about – Figures: loop, roll, , , tailslides …. Aircraft Proving Grounds Click on the various maneuvers. Focus on Hammerhead and Immelmann maneuvers. http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/rotations.html Click on 6-8 grade Click on Airplane Parts Definitions (with text) http://www.zurqui.co.cr/crinfocus/paper/air-bld.html http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/pber.html Scroll down to airfoil

PLEASE OBSERVE THE DIAGRAM

7 MYSTERY MINE MATERIALS

Standard writing paper-rectangular PROCEDURE 1. Use your paper airplane to demonstrate roll, pitch and yaw. 2. Use your airplane to demonstrate the following maneuvers: • Immelmann Turn • Hammerhead Stall • Power Stall • Chandelle

3. Place about an inch of the end of a piece of paper in the end of your textbook so the rest of the paper falls outside the book. Hold the book so the paper faces away from you. Then blow across the paper and observe the motion of the paper. (See the website at number 4 on the previous page.) DAY AT DOLLYWOOD 1. When riding Mystery Mine, be able to recognize the rolls, pitch and yaw move- ments that you will experience. 2. Identify the Immelmann Turn, Hammerhead, Chandelle and Power on Stall.

Is there light at the end of the HINT tunnel?

POST LAB QUESTIONS 1. Answer the questions on the handout provided by your teacher.

8 MYSTERY MINE THUNDERHEAD

FOR THE TEACHER

8.11.spi.7 Solve problems pertaining to distance, speed, velocity and time, given illustra- tions, diagrams, graphs or scenarios.

8.11.spi.1 Recognize that forces cause changes in speed and/or the direction of motion.

8.1.spi.8 Use estimated strategies to select a reasonable solution to a real-world prob- lem involving computing with rational numbers.

4.11.spi.3 Recognize simple machines (i.e., incline plane, pulley).

Use the units of measure that is appropriate for your class.

INTRODUCTION The students know the relationship between distance, time, speed and velocity and the students know that forces cause changes in speed and/or the direction of motion.

9 FOR THE STUDENT

MATERIALS

Stopwatch

MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS Speed = distance divided by time

THUNDERHEAD FACT SHEET • Length of Track: 3,230 feet • Turns: 22 • Tallest Drop: 100 feet • Top Speed: 55 mph • Your speed at the beginning of the first drop: 2 feet/second • Distance of the drop to the photo cameras: 65 feet • The time it takes to travel the 65 feet: .4 seconds • The electronic flash of the camera: one five thousandth of a second

PROCEDURE

1. Using the information provided in the fact sheet section. How far will the travel in the time it takes for your picture to be taken?

2. Using your stopwatch. Do you have enough information to determine your speed down the first 100 foot drop?

3. If your answer to question number one of this section is no, then what addition- al information would you need?

4. If your answer to number one of this section is yes, then solve the problem.

5. What is your average speed over the distance of the entire ride?

10 THUNDERHEAD PHYSICS QUESTIONS FOR THE STUDENT

1. What is the force that drives this roller coaster?

2. Where along the track would you expect to experience the highest G forces?

3. Where along the track would you expect to experience negative G forces?

4. How is the experience of positive and negative G forces on a rider different?

5. Which G force experience is your favorite and why?

6. Where on this ride would you expect to find an incline plane?

7. Where would you expect to find a pulley system?

11 THUNDERHEAD

NOTE: This lesson plan was prepared from a virtual Wild Eagle ride experience. While the distances will remain the same the times will vary. Possible reasons for these differences are temperature and weight variances, etc. WILD EAGLE FACT SHEET • Type: Steel • Track Length: 2,863 feet • Top Speed: 61 miles per hour • Top of the Lift Height: 190 feet • Top of Loop Height: 110 feet • First Drop: 135 feet • Length of Zero-G-Roll: 379.6 feet • The length of the left wing from the center of the track to the outside passenger car: approximately 7.19 feet • The length of the left wing from the center of the track to the inside passenger car: approximately 5 feet • The time to travel through the zero-g-roll: 6 seconds • The time it takes for the first drop: 5.2 seconds • There are 60 seconds in a minute • There are 60 minutes in an hour • The time to travel from the load in to the top of the lift: 52 seconds • The approximate velocity at the end of the first drop: 60 mi./hr.

d = distance t = time a = vf = final velocity vi = initial velocity v = velocity (speed in a directin) v = d/t a = vf-vi/t mile = 5,280 ft. mile = 5,280 ft. circumference = diameter times 3.14 (pi) diameter = two times the radius

12 FOR THE STUDENT

QUESTIONS

1. What is the estimated velocity when the Wild Eagle reaches the top of the lift?

2. What is the average velocity through the first drop?

3. What is the rate of acceleration through the first drop?

4. What are the velocity/velocities of the passengers that are riding in the outside cars going through the zero-G-roll? There are two

HINT answers!

13 WILD EAGLE FOR THE TEACHER

ANSWERS

1. Question 1 - 190 ft./52 sec. = 3.65 ft./sec.

2. Question 2 - 135 ft./5.2 sec. = 25 ft./sec.

3. Question 3 - vf = 61 mi./hr. vi = 3.65 ft./sec.

Convert 3.65 ft./sec. to mi./hr. 3600 sec. in an hour 3600 sec. x 3.65 ft./sec. = 13,140 ft./5,240 ft. = 2.4mi./hr.

14 WILD EAGLE LIGHTNING ROD

Would it not be exciting if you had the opportunity to ride a lightning rod? There are people who have the chance to ride a lightning rod almost every day!

You are sitting in the cockpit of your F/A-18F Super Hornet jet. Your front wheel is attached to a lightning rod. A bank of capacitors releases a huge amount of electricity to the light- ning rod. You are instantaneously catapulted toward the end of the carrier deck and up into the sky. YouTube Resource: USS Gerald R. Ford SUPERCARRIER tests AMAZING NEW electromagnetic CATAPULT launch system!

You arrive early to the station in Japan. The Train Conductor announces you will be riding a super-fast, magnetic levitating train that could approach speeds of 315 mph. You board the train, find your seat and settle in for the train ride of your life. 3,2,1 … launch!!! YouTube Resource: Japanese MAGLEV Experience - The FASTEST Train in the WORLD at 500km + per hour! Yamanashi, Japan

15 You are not going to be an F/A-18F Super Hornet pilot? And if you can’t go to Japan any time soon, but would still like to be launched out of a building … 206 feet up a mountain and 80 feet above the crest of the … while seated on a lightning rod? Dollywood can help you out. Lightning Rod was recently voted as the number one roller coaster of the decade. Powered by the same motor that can catapult an F/A-18F Super Hornet off the end of an aircraft carrier or propel a train 315 mph down a track, Dollywood’s Lightning Rod is waiting for you!

First, let’s find out how these motors work. LSM (Linear Synchronous Motor) or LIM (Linear Induction Motor) sounds pretty complicated - not! This Physics lesson will tell you how to build one of these motors at home or in your classroom. As you are beginning to suspect by now, these motors have something to do with lightning (electricity) and magnets. A lightning rod’s function is to direct lightning to a safe place. Lightning rods called “stators” on these motors, direct a huge amount of DC current (direct current produced by electric- ity stored in a bank of capacitor’s) down a track like the track on Lightning Rod. A stator is a long metal rail made of copper or aluminum that can carry a large amount of electric- ity. LIM’s need a stator and magnets. The stator is attached to the middle of the track. So where are the magnets? The very strong “rare earth magnets” are attached underneath the ride vehicle car in which you will ride in. Moving electrons in the stator interact with the + and – points on a magnet propel the cars with people along the track. Dollywood’s Lightning Rod coaster using

LSM or LIM motors will launch you from zero mph up a mountain, to reach a speed of 45 mph over the top of the hill. Instructions on how to build a demonstration model of a LIM (Linear Induction Motor).

16 LIGHTNING ROD FAST FACTS

Ride Type: WOOD COASTER

Track Length: 3800 FEET

Inversions: NONE

Ride Elements: ZERO TO 45 MPH LAUNCH = 1500 HP TRICK HILL (TWIN SUMMITS) 90+ DEGREE BANK BREAKING WAVE TURN 90+ DEGREE OUTSIDE BANKED TOP HAT TWIST AND SHOUT / STEP UP / QUADRUPLE DOWN HIGH SPEED AIRTIME HILL NON-INVERTING HALF LOOP 12 TOTAL AIRTIME MOMENTS

Top Speed: 73 MPH – WORLD RECORD FOR FASTEST SPEED/WOOD COASTER

G-force: 3.5

Lift Height: 206 FEET (80 FEET ABOVE CREST OF LIFT HILL)

Time: 4 SEC. FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE HILL TO THE TOP

Drop Height: 165 FEET

Time: 3 SEC. FROM THE TOP OF THE DROP TO THE BOTTOM

Ride Duration: 3 MIN. 12 SEC.

Trains: 2 TRAINS WITH 6 CARS = 24 TOTAL RIDERS PER TRAIN

Manufacturer: ROCKY MOUNTAIN CONSTRUCTION, INC., HAYDEN, IDAHO

Opening Date: JUNE 13, 2016

Cost: $22 MILLION

Award: ROLLER COASTER OF THE DECADE: DECEMBER, 2019

17 LIGHTNING ROD THE PHYSICS BEHIND LIGHTNING ROD FORMULAS AND IDENTIFICATION OF SYMBOLS AND LETTERS

S = Speed

Sec. = Seconds

T = Time

D = Distance

V = Velocity Definition of Velocity – the Speed of an object in a direction Example: 15 m/sec. east or 15 meters/sec. north

A = Acceleration Step 1: Acceleration = Final Velocity – Original Velocity/Time Step 2: Acceleration = 26 meters/sec. – 10 meters/sec./2sec. Step 3: Acceleration = 16 meters/sec. (26 -10 =16) /2sec. Answer: A = 8 meters/sec./sec.

Formulas we can use to explore Lightning Rod in more detail Speed = distance over time (S = D/T) Velocity = speed in a direction (V = S going up) V = S going east/west/south/north/down/up Acceleration = Final Velocity – Original Velocity over Time A = F V – O V/ T

18 LIGHTNING ROD FOR THE STUDENT

QUESTIONS

Applying the statistics that make Lightning Rod so thrilling:

1. What is the average speed of Lightning Rod through its complete run?

2. Discuss the velocity of Lightning Rod by the average speed of the coaster through its complete run?

Lightning Rod has: 1) a 90+ degree outside banked turn, 2) 0 to 45 mph launch up a mountain, 3) twin summits and4) a non-inverted half loop. HINT

3. What is the velocity of Lightning Rod – 0 to 45 MPH and the distance is 206 ft. in 4 sec.?

4. What is the acceleration of Lightning Rod up the lift height? Express your answer in ft. and sec.

5. What is the acceleration of the coaster drop of 165 ft. if it covers that distance of 165 ft. in 3 sec.? The Original Velocity is 45 mph and the Final Velocity is 73 mph.

19 LIGHTNING ROD FOR THE TEACHER

ANSWERS

1. What is the average speed of Lightning Rod through its complete run? S = D ÷ T S = 3800 ft. ÷ 3 min. 12 sec. Step 1: Convert 12 sec. to min. (12 sec. ÷ 60 sec. in a minute = .2 min.) Step 2: Convert 3.2 min. to hrs. (3.2 min. ÷ 60 min. in a hr. = .05 hrs.) Step 3: Convert 3800 ft. to miles (5280 ft in a mile) 3800 ÷ 5280 = .71 miles S = .71 m ÷ .05 hrs. = 14.39 mph

2. Discuss the velocity of Lightning Rod by the average speed of the coaster through its complete run? Lightning Rod has many 90-degrees turns and up and down waves Velocity is the Speed in a direction. Examples of directions are: east – west – north – south- up – down Coasters change directions and have waves that make you go up and down. It is difficult or impos- sible to determine the velocity over the complete run of the coaster.

For example, Lightning Rod has: 1) a 90 + degree outside banked turn, 2) 0 to 45 mph launch up a mountain, 3) twin summits and 4) a non-inverted half loop.

3. What is the velocity of Lightning Rod – 0 to 45 mph and the distance is 206 ft. in 4 sec.?

To find the velocity we use the formula S = D ÷ T in a direction Question 3, the direction would be up and north S = 206 ft ÷ 4 sec = 51.5 ft/sec. north and up

20 LIGHTNING ROD 4. What is the acceleration of Lightning Rod up the lift height? Students should express their answer in ft. and sec.

Lift height is 206 ft. and the time is 4 sec. A = Final Velocity F V – Original Velocity O V ÷ T Step 1: Convert 45 miles to ft. (45 × 5280 ft. in a mile = 237,600 ft./hr.) Step 2: Convert to ft. per sec. (237,600 ft. ÷ 60 min. in an hour = 3960 ft./min.)

3960 ft. ÷ 60 sec. in a minute = 66 ft./sec. Step 3: A = F V – O V ÷ T A = (66 ft./sec. – 0) ÷ 4 sec. A = 66 ft./sec. ÷ 4 sec. = 16.5 ft./sec./sec.

5. What is the acceleration of the coaster drop of 165 ft. if it covers that distance of 165 ft. in 3 sec.? The Original Velocity is 45 mph and the Final Velocity is 73 mph. Students should express their answer in ft. and sec.

A = F V – O V ÷ T Step 1: Convert 73 miles to ft. (73 m × 5280 ft in a mile = 385,440 ft.) Step 2: Convert 385,440 ft/hr. to sec. (385,440 ft/hr. ÷ 60 min. in an hour = 6,424 ft./min.) 6424 ft./min. ÷ 60sec. in a min. = 107.06 ft./sec. Step 3: A = (107.06 ft./sec. – 66 ft./sec) ÷ 3 sec. = 41.06 ft. ÷ 3sec. = 3.68 ft./sec./sec.

21 LIGHTNING ROD

THE PHYSICS OF COASTERS HOW DOLLYWOOD’S DRAGONFLIER DEMONSTRATES 15 DIFFERENT SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES

A ride on a roller coaster adds fun and excitement to a day spent at Dollywood. These dy- namic attractions also can create the thrill of learning about many components of the sci- ence of physics in a unique learning environment.

Physics are at the heart of what makes a ride like Dragonflier in Dollywood’s Wildwood Grove area such a lesson in both science and memories. The science at work creates the following principles while riders are taken on a two-minute experience:

• Motion/Circular Motion • Kinetic energy • Speed • Constant Speed • Velocity • G-force • Weight • • Gravity • Acceleration • Momentum • Potential energy • Force • Frame of Reference •

Because of the forces interacting on human beings during a coaster experience, riders on Dragonflier feel the sensation from increased G-Forces at the bottom of drops and through tight turns. The ride’s “camelbacks” have the capability to cause feelings in the rider that are often described as “butterflies in the stomach,” a sensation that actually is the result of negative G-forces on the rider’s body. Dragonflier provides great visual highs for riders as they are dropped through a tunnel and back out into the sunlight, with stationary objects flashing past to create the sensation of being aboard an actual dragonfly.

22 DRAGONFLIER RIDE STATS

Ride Type: SUSPENDED Track Length: 1,486 FEET Top Speed: 42.5 MPH G-force: 3.5 G’S Lift Height: 63 FEET (6 STORIES) Ride Duration: 1 MINUTE, 40 SECONDS

DEFINITIONS AND FORMULAS MOTION - a change in position in a certain amount of time is Motion. • Define Circular Motion - is a curved path.

KINETIC ENERGY - the energy of motion.

AVERAGE SPEED = Distance over Time (D/T).

CONSTANT SPEED - speed that does not change.

VELOCITY - speed in a given direction.

G-FORCE - describes the pull of gravity on an object.

WEIGHT - the measure of the gravitational pull on an object or person’s mass. • The unit of measure for Weight is newton (N) or pounds (lbs.)

MASS - the amount of matter in an object. • Mass is measured in grams. 1000g is a kilogram. 1 kilogram = 2.2 lbs.

GRAVITY - the force that attracts a body toward the center of the earth or toward any other physical body having Mass; the force of attraction depends on the mass of two objects and the distance between them. Gravity is responsible for accelerating an object toward earth.

ACCELERATION - the rate of change in Velocity. • Concept: Acceleration/deceleration is easy to see when the motion is in a straight line. The motion in a straight line only involves speed of the object, not a change in direction. In a Circular Motion, on a coaster for example, the velocity is continually changing. • Acceleration = Final Velocity – Original Velocity over Time. FV – OV/Time

23 DRAGONFLIER MOMENTUM - depends on the mass of an object and the velocity with which it is traveling. • Momentum = Mass x Velocity • Example in a sports situation: would you rather be tackled by a 310 lb. defen- sive lineman traveling 15 mph or a 180 lb. defensive back traveling 30 mph? • Answer: - Option A - Momentum 310 x 15 = 4,650 lbs. - miles/hr. - Option B - Momentum 180 x 30 = 5,400 lbs. - miles/hr. (You probably would want to pick option A for a better chance of not being hurt on impact).

POTENTIAL ENERGY - the energy of position or stored energy. • When a person is transported by the energy provided by an electric motor to the top of a coaster hill, the electric motor work for the rider. Because of the person’s change in position through work, the vehicle being ridden in stored energy. That stored energy is released as kinetic energy as the rider goes over the hill and then drops down the other side. FORCE - is a push or a pull. A magnet pulls objects towards it. Similarly, the moon pulls on the oceans causing tides.

FRAME OF REFERENCE - describes an object or objects that are moving. Scientists compare the moving objects with objects that are assumed to be stationary or not moving.

CENTRIPETAL FORCE - a force acting on a moving body at an angle to the direction to the motion, tending to make the body follow a circular or curved path resulting in an increase in G-Force. Sir Isaac Newton: December 25, 1642 – March 20, 1726 was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer and theologian. Newton developed three laws that describe all the states of motion:

1. brings an object to rest. Take away friction and an object in motion, will continue forever in a straight line, or until acted upon by an unbalanced force. An object at rest will stay at rest until acted upon by an unbalanced force. Newton called the tendency for an object to remain at rest, or to remain in motion as inertia. 2. The greater the mass, the greater the force needed to overcome its inertia. 3. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Reminder: Be consistent with the units of measure used in physics problems. Hours, minutes and seconds must be converted to all hours or minutes or seconds; can’t use a mixture of units of measure. Convert units of measure to meters or centime- ters or millimeters when using the metrics system.

24 DRAGONFLIER DRAGONFLIER REVIEW MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. All movement is compared with a: a. car c. tree b. frame of reference d. Dragonflier

2. The most commonly used frame of reference is the: a. sun c. moon b. Earth d. ocean

3. A change in position relative to a frame of reference is: a. motion c. acceleration b. momentum d. direction

4. The rate at which an object changes position is called: a. distance c. speed b. acceleration d. momentum

5. Velocity is speed and: a. motion c. distance b. mass d. direction

6. If a motor raft travels 25 km/hour down a river whose velocity is 5 km/hour, what is the raft’s actual velocity? a. 20 km/hr. c. 125 km/hr. b. 30 km/hr. d. 5 km/hr.

7. The rate of change of velocity is called: a. speed c. momentum b. motion d. acceleration

8. A distance – time graph is a straight line for: a. constant speed c. momentum b. acceleration d. average speed

9. An object traveling in a circular motion is constantly changing: a. speed c. distance b. mass d. direction

10. Momentum is mass times: a. acceleration c. motion b. velocity d. distance

25 DRAGONFLIER DRAGONFLIER TRUE OR FALSE QUESTIONS

1. Motion must be measured relative to a Frame of Reference. 2. A change in position of an object is called Momentum. 3. The measurement of how fast or slow something is traveling is Speed. 4. An object whose speed does not change is traveling at Constant Speed. 5. The quantity that gives speed and direction is Momentum. 6. Acceleration is a change in speed or direction. 7. The measurement of how hard it is to stop an object (mass times velocity) is Acceleration.

DRAGONFLIER FIGURE 1 QUESTIONS

Most of the questions will have multiple answers. Please list all answers that ap- ply to the question. Use the letters from Figure 1 to answer the questions. Some answers do not require a letter.

1. Where on Figure 1 would you not be in motion at all but would experience the gravi- tational pull of 1-G?

2. Choose the place on Figure 1 where the greatest increase in potential energy will occur.

3. The greatest G-Force on an object riding the Dragonflier is a force of 3.5 G’s. Where is this G-Force most likely to occur?

4. While you are experiencing the 3.5 G-Force, your body weight would increase by how many pounds?

5. Where on Figure 1 would applying the force of friction to an object have the greatest affect?

6. Choose all of the places on Figure 1 where you might experience an increase in G-Force and body weight.

7. Where might you experience a negative G-Force? These are the places where you feel like you have “butterflies” in your stomach!

8. Where might you experience a constant speed?

9. Choose the letter or letters where a change in velocity will occur.

26 DRAGONFLIER DRAGONFLIER MULTIPLE CHOICE ANSWER KEY

1. b 2. b 3. a 4. c 5. d 6. b - To find the actual velocity, you must combine the velocity of the motor raft and the velocity of the river. Actual velocity = 25 km/hr. + 5 km/hr. = 30 km/hr. 7. d 8. a 9. d 10. b

DRAGONFLIER TRUE OR FALSE ANSWER KEY

1. T 2. F, Motion 3. T 4. T 5. F, Velocity 6. T 7. F, Momentum

DRAGONFLIER FIGURE 1 ANSWER KEY

1. I - the loading/unloading area where you are waiting for the ride to begin. 2. A - coming out of the loading area and riding up the lift hill to the highest point of the ride at 63 feet or six stories. 3. D - at the bottom of the biggest drop of the ride and the greatest change in direc- tion from down to up. 4. This question does not require a letter answer. To answer the question correctly, the student must read carefully. This question is a bit tricky. Multiply 3.5G’s by body weight, then subtract body weight from the product to get the increase in weight pull- ing 3.5G’s. 5. I - it is the loading/unloading area where the ride vehicles come to a stop. 6. D, E, H, L, M - any time there is a circular motion, there is a corresponding increase in the centripetal force which increases the G-Force. 7. C, G, J, K - notice these are the sections where the drops are best expressed as a change from down to up and up to down directions. 8. F - the almost flat section of the ride causing no change in speed or velocity. 9. A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M - These sections had changes in speed and/or direc- tion. Velocity is speed and direction.

27 DRAGONFLIER DRAGONFLIER FIGURE 1 EXPLANATION IMAGES

Reference – A, B Reference – E

Reference – M Reference – E

Reference – H, L Reference – C

28 DRAGONFLIER