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The Legendary William F. Friedman • The Legendary William F. Friedman by Lambros D Calhmahos Repnnred.frora Cryptologic Spearun: (Vol 4 No 1) Winter 1974 f,J ---------------. ~ :D'l ...........t,v C-.A L. !"lA-Has £ '"" .!',r~.t ~a t t J R e ~ur\,,- ,.., J- of ",otk~_:r ....Jh l... he.. 8 • Lambros D Calhmahos The Legendary William F. Friedman Prologue cryptanalysis and since I was presumably Indispensable on weekdays pulled KP only on Saturdays and Sundays When I JOined the US Army to enter the cryptologic Tired of waiting I went to Officer Candidate School and service of my adopted country on February 11 1941 graduated With my class In August 1942 Wdham F Friedman was already a legendary figure In my eyes I had read two early papers of his "L'mdtce de It was at Vtnt Hill that Mr Friedman first paid us a coinadence et ses applIcatIOns en cryptographle" and VISit and we were all properly Impressed at the dapper ApplIcatIOn des methodes de la stattstrque a la figure With the Adolph Menjou moustache the cryptographle when I was hvrng In Pans In 1934 charactensnc bow tie and the two tone black and white concertIZIng as a flute soloist throughout Europe while shoes-the cryptologic giant who asked the most privately purSUIng an active hobby of cryptology which I searching questions and understood our answers even felt would be my ruche when the time came for me to before we had finished our explanations Havmg been at enter the army (Besrdes the U S Army I was also hable Vint HIli for 14 months and thinking that I rrught be for service In the Greek Egyptian and Turkish armies stuck there for the duration of the war (I was Chief and barely missed being In one of the latter) As a Instructor In cryptanalytics With several hundred students member of the onginal group of 28 students In the In the school) I seized the opportumty when Mr Cryptographic School at Fort Monmouth N J I was Friedman again VISited us, to ask him to get me out of overjoyed when I found that Mr Friedman s texts on there In two weeks I was transferred to Arltngton Hall Mdl/ary CryptanalYSIS were to be our Old and New Station where I was to have been assigned to Mr Testaments combined I Fnedman for four months to wnte a course In operational I did not meet Wtlham Friedman until after our school cryptanalysis and then to have been sent to Europe The moved In October of 1942 to Vmt Hill Farms Station Army though has a wonderful way of working The Warrenton Va The prevIOus summer I had been officer to whom I was to have reported was on leave I promised a direct cornrmssron by the Headquarters staff reported to the wrong officer was sent to the wrong of Fort Monmouth At that time I was as a senior pnvate budding found myself two weeks later enrolled In a first class-I had the rank that went With the Job-head Japanese course and It was made perfectly clear that my of the language department and taught Italian and destiny was eventual service In the Far East Mr Friedman discovered my predicament too late to do anything about It so after a year at Arhngton Hall I went I The way I got into the Cryptographic School was no accident I paid a courtesy call on my New York (lty draft board complete with to New Delhi as an ASSistant Signal Intelhgence Officer waxed mustache goatee big black hat Chesterfield coat spats for the China Burma India Theater When the war was gloves and cane like somethmg out of a Dumas novel When I over I was sent as a JunIOr captain to Leavenworth (to the showed them the list of 40 some works on cryptology I had read In Command and General Staff College-not to that other preparatIOn for eventual military service the board sent me to Army place) When I graduated In February 1946 Mr Headquarters 10 Church Street and they 10 turn sent me to Governor s Island where G-2 arranged for what I thought was to Fnedman requested my assignment to ASA and I was be Army service of one year In the CryptographiC School detailed as his I'echrucal ASSIstant 9 • Mr Friedman, Mr Calhmahos, and Brigadier T'rltrnan (a 1961 photograph) Friedman The Man My respect and admiration for the man for whom I incoming technical papers and pass on to him those worked Increased WIth every contact and discussron At mentlng his personal attention With a buck shp on top first our relatronship was most formal- Captain C He would buck notes back and forth to me sometimes and Mr Fnedman Later on It became Cal and exchanging SIX or seven notes Mr Friedman was fond of finally Lambros but It was always Mr Fnedman It wntten records SInce he did supenor work himself he took Mark Rhoads his adrmrusrranve assistant and expected that all those around him would also do the colleague of long standing a dozen years to call him same, Without question Compliments were hard to come Bill and Mr Fnedman was Bill only to his fnend by Once when I did something evidently worthy of and respected colleague Brigadier John H Tiltrnan to particular nonce he wrote on a note Capt C -Good' the Chief ASA and to a handful of seruor mihtary I poked my head Into hIS door and rnquired sohcrtously officers To the rest including his closest associates of the Are you ill Mr Friedman- No why' he rephed I early 30 s-Solomon Kul1back Frank Rowlett and answered You wrote Good' on your note He Abraham Sj n k o v s-e h e was always Mr laughed and from then on he allowed himself an Friedman -even when they were not In hrs presence occasional compltmentary adjective that greatly added to I used to speak of hun affectionately as Uncle the psychic Income that was already mine In having the Wdlte -when not Within earshot the sobriquet caught pnvilege of working With him On another occasion when on and became Widespread <it Arlington Hall and when I outlined what I thought was an especially good Idea he he learned of the appellation he was amused But once at listened patiently and when I had finished said That s an Agency party when the two of us were by ourselves at fine I have a patent on that At another time I received the canape table and I called him Uncle Wdlte, I was his compliments on an ongmal procedure until I found made aware of my Impertinence One Simply did not take out a couple of weeks later that he had already written hberties with WFF about It and had forgotten about It so I embarrassedly Mr Fnedman s desk In hIS private office In brought It to hIS attennon Homerus nutat Headquarters BUIlding at Arltngton Hall was about 15 As an Army captaIn I was very proud to work for Mr feet from mine In the outer office but much of our daily Fnedman In view of what he had done and was doing for contact was In the form of written notes I would screen his country Always a stickler for Ie mot Juste he 10 • abhorred ImpreCIse or Inelegant language Once when I historical research on the problem spoke With techrucrans did not use the term repetition when he felt that I on the project fortunately came up With a refutation of should have he said Don t ever use repeat as a noun points held by the author of the paper discovered a new agam! When I found that the dicnonary recognized the approach and drafted a substantive reply worthy of use of repeat as a noun I was a bit miffed, but I William Friedman It wasn t until many years later that I swallowed my pnde and was very careful m the future told Mr Friedman how that one paper made me sweat how I expressed myself to the Great One On another blood-he of course had blithely assumed that I was occasion when he came across the cover name ICKY m a versed m all matters of cryptanalySIS mcludmg that one technical report he blew his top exclaimmg that this When I was first assigned to Mr Friedman s office I word made him puke [SIC] was hvmg m a room on the thud floor of Headquarters Burldmg my family was still In New Jersey where they Mr Fr i ed m a n had complete faith In his had been while I was overseas as apartments were almost subordinates-e-orherwise he felt they wouldn t be Impossible to obtain m the Immediate postwar years m working for him He took for granted that I knew all that Washlfigton I was working two shifts the day shift for was necessary to know about crypranalysrs-s-a most Mr Friedman the sWlfig shift for me With Mr flattering compliment but unrealistic One day a paper Fr i edman s knowledge and permiSSIOn I went came through on a most complicated and abstruse phase systematically through all his files reading hundreds of of a techrucal matter about which I comprehended not technical reports over a period of many months, trYlfig to even the title I shrugged my shoulders and bucked the remember all I could m this unparalleled opportufilty for paper to him feeling that this certainly was one matter acqumng a comprehensive technical education The effort With which I should have absolutely nothrng to do paid off when my boss asked me about thmgs I had especially since three leading techmcians of the Agency already digested and on which I was now knowledgeable differed among themselves as to the merits of technical my ready answers strengthened hrs convictron of the points To my horror Mr Friedman bucked the paper extent of my cryptanalytic knowledge Mr Friedman was back to me With a note Captain C please study and meticulous m his work habits whether on staff policy prepare comments for me I was frantic But I spent the papers or In technical expositIOn He would first think out next three days working 18 hours a day did some the problem or situanon in broad outlmes and then Mr Friedman 10 his Arltngton Hall office 11 • would map out out points a, b c n m logical particularly fond of me and enjoyed my company progressIOn
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