International Congress on the Systematics and Ecology of Myxomycetes
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Quantitative Evolutionary Analysis of the Life Cycle of Social Amoebae Darja Dubravcic
Quantitative evolutionary analysis of the life cycle of social amoebae Darja Dubravcic To cite this version: Darja Dubravcic. Quantitative evolutionary analysis of the life cycle of social amoebae. Agricultural sciences. Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. English. NNT : 2013PA05T033. tel-00914467 HAL Id: tel-00914467 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00914467 Submitted on 5 Dec 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Université Paris Descartes Ecole doctorale « Interdisciplinaire Européen Frontières de vivant » Laboratory « Ecology & Evolution » UMR7625 Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Physics UMR5588 Quantitative evolutionary analysis of the life cycle of social amoebae By Darja Dubravcic PhD Thesis in: Evolutionary Biology Directed by Minus van Baalen and Clément Nizak Presented on the 15th November 2013 PhD committee: Dr. M. van Baalen, PhD director Dr. C. Nizak, PhD Co-director Prof. V. Nanjundiah, Reviewer Prof. P. Rainey, Reviewer Prof. A. Gardner Prof. J-P. Rieu Prof. J-M Di Meglio Dr. S. de Monte, Invited 2 Abstract Social amoebae are eukaryotic organisms that inhabit soil of almost every climate zone. They are remarkable for their switch from unicellularity to multicellularity as an adaptation to starvation. -
Protistology Mitochondrial Genomes of Amoebozoa
Protistology 13 (4), 179–191 (2019) Protistology Mitochondrial genomes of Amoebozoa Natalya Bondarenko1, Alexey Smirnov1, Elena Nassonova1,2, Anna Glotova1,2 and Anna Maria Fiore-Donno3 1 Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia 2 Laboratory of Cytology of Unicellular Organisms, Institute of Cytology RAS, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia 3 University of Cologne, Institute of Zoology, Terrestrial Ecology, 50674 Cologne, Germany | Submitted November 28, 2019 | Accepted December 10, 2019 | Summary In this mini-review, we summarize the current knowledge on mitochondrial genomes of Amoebozoa. Amoebozoa is a major, early-diverging lineage of eukaryotes, containing at least 2,400 species. At present, 32 mitochondrial genomes belonging to 18 amoebozoan species are publicly available. A dearth of information is particularly obvious for two major amoebozoan clades, Variosea and Tubulinea, with just one mitochondrial genome sequenced for each. The main focus of this review is to summarize features such as mitochondrial gene content, mitochondrial genome size variation, and presence or absence of RNA editing, showing if they are unique or shared among amoebozoan lineages. In addition, we underline the potential of mitochondrial genomes for multigene phylogenetic reconstruction in Amoebozoa, where the relationships among lineages are not fully resolved yet. With the increasing application of next-generation sequencing techniques and reliable protocols, we advocate mitochondrial -
Fresenius Environmental Bulletin Founded Jointly by F. Korte and F
FEB – Fresenius Environmental Bulletin founded jointly by F. Korte and F. Coulston Production by PSP – Parlar Scientific Publications, Angerstr. 12, 85354 Freising, Germany in cooperation with Lehrstuhl für Chemisch-Technische Analyse und Lebensmitteltechnologie, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising - Weihenstephan, Germany Copyright © by PSP – Parlar Scientific Publications, Angerstr. 12, 85354 Freising, Germany. All rights are reserved, especially the right to translate into foreign language. No part of the journal may be reproduced in any form- through photocopying, microfilming or other processes- or converted to a machine language, especially for data processing equipment- without the written permission of the publisher. The rights of reproduction by lecture, radio and television transmission, magnetic sound recording or similar means are also reserved. Printed in GERMANY – ISSN 1018-4619 © by PSP Volume 24 – No 11c. 2015 Fresenius Environmental Bulletin FEB - EDITORIAL BOARD Environmental Toxicology: Prof. Dr. H. Greim Chief Editor: Senatskomm. d. DFG z. Prüfung gesundheitsschädl. Arbeitsstoffe TU München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Prof. Dr. H. Parlar Institut für Lebensmitteltechnologie und Analytische Chemie Prof. Dr. A. Kettrup TU München - 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Institut für Lebensmitteltechnologie und Analytische Chemie e-mail: [email protected] TU München - 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany FEB - ADVISORY BOARD Co-Editors: Environmental Analytical Chemistry: Environmental Analytical Chemistry: K. Ballschmitter, D - K. Bester, D - K. Fischer, D - R. Kallenborn, N Dr. D. Kotzias D.C.G. Muir, CAN - R. Niessner, D - W. Vetter, D – R. Spaccini, I Via Germania 29 21027 Barza (Va) ITALY Environmental Proteomic and Biology: D. Adelung, D - G.I. Kvesitadze, GEOR A. Reichlmayr-Lais, D - C. Steinberg, D Environmental Proteomic and Biology: Environmental Chemistry: Prof. -
Dictyostelid Cellular Slime Molds from Caves
John C. Landolt, Steven L. Stephenson, and Michael E. Slay – Dictyostelid cellular slime molds from caves. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, v. 68, no. 1, p. 22–26. DICTYOSTELID CELLULAR SLIME MOLDS FROM CAVES JOHN C. LANDOLT Department of Biology, Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, WV 2544 USA [email protected] STEVEN L. STEPHENSON Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA [email protected] MICHAEL E. SLAY The Nature Conservancy, 601 North University Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA [email protected] Dictyostelid cellular slime molds associated with caves in Alabama, Arkansas, Indiana, Missouri, New York, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, West Virginia, Puerto Rico, and San Salvador in the Bahamas were investigated during the period of 1990–2005. Samples of soil material collected from more than 100 caves were examined using standard methods for isolating dictyostelids. At least 17 species were recovered, along with a number of isolates that could not be identified completely. Four cos- mopolitan species (Dictyostelium sphaerocephalum, D. mucoroides, D. giganteum and Polysphondylium violaceum) and one species (D. rosarium) with a more restricted distribution were each recorded from more than 25 different caves, but three other species were present in more than 20 caves. The data gen- erated in the present study were supplemented with all known published and unpublished records of dic- tyostelids from caves in an effort to summarize what is known about their occurrence in this habitat. INTRODUCTION also occur on dung and were once thought to be primarily coprophilous (Raper, 1984). However, perhaps the most Dictyostelid cellular slime molds (dictyostelids) are single- unusual microhabitat for dictyostelids is the soil material celled, eukaryotic, phagotrophic bacterivores usually present found in caves. -
The Social Amoeba Polysphondylium Pallidum Loses Encystation And
Protist, Vol. 165, 569–579, September 2014 http://www.elsevier.de/protis Published online date 14 July 2014 ORIGINAL PAPER The Social Amoeba Polysphondylium pallidum Loses Encystation and Sporulation, but Can Still Erect Fruiting Bodies in the Absence of Cellulose 1 Qingyou Du, and Pauline Schaap College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, MSI/WTB/JBC complex, Dow Street, Dundee, DD15EH, UK Submitted May 20, 2014; Accepted July 8, 2014 Monitoring Editor: Michael Melkonian Amoebas and other freely moving protists differentiate into walled cysts when exposed to stress. As cysts, amoeba pathogens are resistant to biocides, preventing treatment and eradication. Lack of gene modification procedures has left the mechanisms of encystation largely unexplored. Genetically tractable Dictyostelium discoideum amoebas require cellulose synthase for formation of multicellular fructifications with cellulose-rich stalk and spore cells. Amoebas of its distant relative Polysphondylium pallidum (Ppal), can additionally encyst individually in response to stress. Ppal has two cellulose syn- thase genes, DcsA and DcsB, which we deleted individually and in combination. Dcsa- mutants formed fruiting bodies with normal stalks, but their spore and cyst walls lacked cellulose, which obliterated stress-resistance of spores and rendered cysts entirely non-viable. A dcsa-/dcsb- mutant made no walled spores, stalk cells or cysts, although simple fruiting structures were formed with a droplet of amoeboid cells resting on an sheathed column of decaying cells. DcsB is expressed in prestalk and stalk cells, while DcsA is additionally expressed in spores and cysts. We conclude that cellulose is essential for encystation and that cellulose synthase may be a suitable target for drugs to prevent encystation and render amoeba pathogens susceptible to conventional antibiotics. -
A First Contribution to the Knowledge of Mycetozoa from Aveyron (France)
Carnets natures, 2021, vol. 8 : 67-81 A First Contribution to the knowledge of Mycetozoa from Aveyron (France) Jonathan Cazabonne¹, Michel Ferrières² et Jean-Louis Menos³ Abstract A first official taxonomic checklist of myxomycetes from the French department Aveyron is presented. As the result of data collected by the Mycological and Botanical Association of Aveyron (AMBA), literature and online research, a total of 21 species representing 14 genera, 7 families and 5 orders, were recorded. The following information for each taxon was reported: Latin name, author(s), Basionym, locality (if known) and record sources. Macrophotographs of some new records are also appended. This work is a contribution to the knowledge of myxomycetes of Aveyron, which will eventually be integrated into a national checklist project of French myxomycetes. Key words: Biodiversity, inventory, taxonomy, Myxomycetes, Occitanie. Résumé Une première contribution à la connaissance des Mycetozoa de l’Aveyron (France) Une première liste officielle sur les Myxomycètes du département français de l’Aveyron est présentée. Au total, 21 espèces représentant 14 genres, 7 familles et 5 ordres, ont été listées, grâce aux données collectées par l’Association Mycologique et Botanique de l’Aveyron (AMBA) et à un travail de recherche bibliographique. Les informations suivantes pour chaque taxon ont été indiquées : nom latin, auteur(s), basionyme, localité (si connue) et les références. Des macrophotographies de quelques nouveaux taxa aveyronnais sont aussi annexées. Ce travail est une contribution à la connaissance des myxomycètes d’Aveyron, qui sera éventuellement intégré à un projet de checklist nationale des Myxomycètes de France. Mots clés : Biodiversité, inventaire, taxonomie, Myxomycètes, Occitanie. -
Activated Camp Receptors Switch Encystation Into Sporulation
Activated cAMP receptors switch encystation into sporulation Yoshinori Kawabea, Takahiro Moriob, John L. Jamesa, Alan R. Prescottb, Yoshimasa Tanakab, and Pauline Schaapa,1 aCollege of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Angus, DD15EH, United Kingdom; and bGraduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan Edited by Peter N. Devreotes, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, and approved March 12, 2009 (received for review February 13, 2009) Metazoan embryogenesis is controlled by a limited number of in the most derived group 4 (4). During D. discoideum devel- signaling modules that are used repetitively at successive devel- opment, the deeply conserved intracellular messenger cAMP opmental stages. The development of social amoebas shows sim- has multiple roles as a secreted signal, detected by 4 homologous ilar reiterated use of cAMP-mediated signaling. In the model cAMP receptors (cAR1–4) (5). cAMP pulses coordinate the Dictyostelium discoideum, secreted cAMP acting on 4 cAMP recep- aggregation of starving cells and organize the construction of tors (cARs1-4) coordinates cell movement during aggregation and fruiting bodies with a highly regulated pattern of spores and stalk fruiting body formation, and induces the expression of aggrega- cells. Secreted cAMP also up-regulates expression of aggrega- tion and sporulation genes at consecutive developmental stages. tion genes, induces expression of spore genes, and inhibits stalk To identify hierarchy in the multiple roles of cAMP, we investigated gene expression (6). cAR heterogeneity and function across the social amoeba phylog- Single cAR genes were previously detected in 3 more basal eny. The gene duplications that yielded cARs 2-4 occurred late in dictyostelid taxa, but were only expressed after aggregation. -
Genetic Heterogeneity in Wild Isolates of Cellular Slime Mold Social Groups
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Publications of the IAS Fellows Microb Ecol (2010) 60:137–148 DOI 10.1007/s00248-010-9635-4 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Genetic Heterogeneity in Wild Isolates of Cellular Slime Mold Social Groups Santosh Sathe & Sonia Kaushik & Albert Lalremruata & Ramesh K. Aggarwal & James C. Cavender & Vidyanand Nanjundiah Received: 27 September 2009 /Accepted: 26 December 2009 /Published online: 24 February 2010 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 Abstract This study addresses the issues of spatial distri- Introduction bution, dispersal, and genetic heterogeneity in social groups of the cellular slime molds (CSMs). The CSMs are soil The existence and implication of spatial structuring in amoebae with an unusual life cycle that consists of microbial populations is a theme of long-standing interest in alternating solitary and social phases. Because the social ecology [36]. At one extreme, there is the hypothesis that— phase involves division of labor with what appears to be an as with large animals—populations tend to be more or less extreme form of “altruism”, the CSMs raise interesting viscous, and spatial structure is determined by patterns of evolutionary questions regarding the origin and maintenance dispersal. At the other extreme, there is the view that of sociality. Knowledge of the genetic structure of social dispersal is rampant (“everything is everywhere”) and what groups in the wild is necessary for answering these persists is determined by adaptations to local conditions. In questions. We confirm that CSMs are widespread in the case of social organisms, an important aspect of spatial undisturbed forest soil from South India. -
Slime Moulds
Queen’s University Biological Station Species List: Slime Molds The current list has been compiled by Richard Aaron, a naturalist and educator from Toronto, who has been running the Fabulous Fall Fungi workshop at QUBS between 2009 and 2019. Dr. Ivy Schoepf, QUBS Research Coordinator, edited the list in 2020 to include full taxonomy and information regarding species’ status using resources from The Natural Heritage Information Centre (April 2018) and The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (February 2018); iNaturalist and GBIF. Contact Ivy to report any errors, omissions and/or new sightings. Based on the aforementioned criteria we can expect to find a total of 33 species of slime molds (kingdom: Protozoa, phylum: Mycetozoa) present at QUBS. Species are Figure 1. One of the most commonly encountered reported using their full taxonomy; common slime mold at QUBS is the Dog Vomit Slime Mold (Fuligo septica). Slime molds are unique in the way name and status, based on whether the species is that they do not have cell walls. Unlike fungi, they of global or provincial concern (see Table 1 for also phagocytose their food before they digest it. details). All species are considered QUBS Photo courtesy of Mark Conboy. residents unless otherwise stated. Table 1. Status classification reported for the amphibians of QUBS. Global status based on IUCN Red List of Threatened Species rankings. Provincial status based on Ontario Natural Heritage Information Centre SRank. Global Status Provincial Status Extinct (EX) Presumed Extirpated (SX) Extinct in the -
Biodiversity of Plasmodial Slime Moulds (Myxogastria): Measurement and Interpretation
Protistology 1 (4), 161–178 (2000) Protistology August, 2000 Biodiversity of plasmodial slime moulds (Myxogastria): measurement and interpretation Yuri K. Novozhilova, Martin Schnittlerb, InnaV. Zemlianskaiac and Konstantin A. Fefelovd a V.L.Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia, b Fairmont State College, Fairmont, West Virginia, U.S.A., c Volgograd Medical Academy, Department of Pharmacology and Botany, Volgograd, Russia, d Ural State University, Department of Botany, Yekaterinburg, Russia Summary For myxomycetes the understanding of their diversity and of their ecological function remains underdeveloped. Various problems in recording myxomycetes and analysis of their diversity are discussed by the examples taken from tundra, boreal, and arid areas of Russia and Kazakhstan. Recent advances in inventory of some regions of these areas are summarised. A rapid technique of moist chamber cultures can be used to obtain quantitative estimates of myxomycete species diversity and species abundance. Substrate sampling and species isolation by the moist chamber technique are indispensable for myxomycete inventory, measurement of species richness, and species abundance. General principles for the analysis of myxomycete diversity are discussed. Key words: slime moulds, Mycetozoa, Myxomycetes, biodiversity, ecology, distribu- tion, habitats Introduction decay (Madelin, 1984). The life cycle of myxomycetes includes two trophic stages: uninucleate myxoflagellates General patterns of community structure of terrestrial or amoebae, and a multi-nucleate plasmodium (Fig. 1). macro-organisms (plants, animals, and macrofungi) are The entire plasmodium turns almost all into fruit bodies, well known. Some mathematics methods are used for their called sporocarps (sporangia, aethalia, pseudoaethalia, or studying, from which the most popular are the quantita- plasmodiocarps). -
Comatricha Nigra Var
© Juan Francisco Moreno Gámez [email protected] Condiciones de uso Comatricha nigra (Pers.) J. Schröt., in Cohn, Krypt.-Fl. Schlesien (Breslau) 3.1(1–8): 118 (1886) [1889] Stemonitidaceae, Stemonitida, Incertae sedis, Myxogastrea, Mycetozoa, Amoebozoa, Protozoa ≡Comatricha nigra (Pers.) J. Schröt., in Cohn, Krypt.-Fl. Schlesien (Breslau) 3.1(1–8): 118 (1886) [1889] var. nigra =Comatricha obtusata Preuss, Linnaea 24: 141 (1851) ≡Comatrichoides nigra (Pers.) Hertel, Dusenia 7(no. 6): 348 (1959) =Stemonitis atrofusca ß nigra Pers., Tent. disp. meth. fung. (Lipsiae): 54 (1797) ≡Stemonitis nigra Pers., in Gmelin, Syst. Nat., Edn 13 2(2): 1467 (1792) =Stemonitis obtusata Fr., Syst. mycol. (Lundae) 3(1): 160 (1829) =Stemonitis ovata var. atrofusca (Pers.) Alb. & Schwein., Consp. fung. (Leipzig): 104 (1805) =Stemonitis ovata var. nigra (Pers.) Pers., Syn. meth. fung. (Göttingen) 1: 189 (1801) Material estudiado: España, Huelva, Jabugo (Los Romeros), Ribera, 29S PB9631, 452 m, 22-II-2017, madera Populus nigra, leg. J.F. Moreno, JA- CUSSTA-8762. Descripción macroscópica Esporocarpos agrupados o dispersos, erectos, grandes, 2-9 mm de altura. Esporoteca globosa, 0,4-1 mm de diámetro, ovoide 1,6 mm de altura, 0,6 mm de ancho, raramente como un cilindro corto, marrón oscura a casi negra llegando a ser ferrugínea marrón tras la dispersión de las esporas. Sobre madera muerta. Cosmopolita. Descripción microscópica Peridio fugaz en su conjunto. Estípite largo 2/3 a 5/6 de la altura total, negro, muy delgado, ensanchado hacia la base. Columela a veces alcanza solo el centro de la esporoteca pero usualmente alcanza casi la parte superior. Capilicio marón, formando una densa y flexuosa red interna. -
9B Taxonomy to Genus
Fungus and Lichen Genera in the NEMF Database Taxonomic hierarchy: phyllum > class (-etes) > order (-ales) > family (-ceae) > genus. Total number of genera in the database: 526 Anamorphic fungi (see p. 4), which are disseminated by propagules not formed from cells where meiosis has occurred, are presently not grouped by class, order, etc. Most propagules can be referred to as "conidia," but some are derived from unspecialized vegetative mycelium. A significant number are correlated with fungal states that produce spores derived from cells where meiosis has, or is assumed to have, occurred. These are, where known, members of the ascomycetes or basidiomycetes. However, in many cases, they are still undescribed, unrecognized or poorly known. (Explanation paraphrased from "Dictionary of the Fungi, 9th Edition.") Principal authority for this taxonomy is the Dictionary of the Fungi and its online database, www.indexfungorum.org. For lichens, see Lecanoromycetes on p. 3. Basidiomycota Aegerita Poria Macrolepiota Grandinia Poronidulus Melanophyllum Agaricomycetes Hyphoderma Postia Amanitaceae Cantharellales Meripilaceae Pycnoporellus Amanita Cantharellaceae Abortiporus Skeletocutis Bolbitiaceae Cantharellus Antrodia Trichaptum Agrocybe Craterellus Grifola Tyromyces Bolbitius Clavulinaceae Meripilus Sistotremataceae Conocybe Clavulina Physisporinus Trechispora Hebeloma Hydnaceae Meruliaceae Sparassidaceae Panaeolina Hydnum Climacodon Sparassis Clavariaceae Polyporales Gloeoporus Steccherinaceae Clavaria Albatrellaceae Hyphodermopsis Antrodiella