World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development WWJMRD 2020; 6(9): 15-22 www.wwjmrd.com International Journal Peer Reviewed Journal Municipal Solid Waste Management Practices and Refereed Journal Indexed Journal Impact on the Environment in Nasarawa Local Impact Factor MJIF: 4.25 E-ISSN: 2454-6615 Government Area, Kano State. David O. Balogun National Biotechnology David O. Balogun, Aliyu Ibrahim, Alheri N. Mshelia, Augustine A. Development Agency (NABDA), Bioresources Okewu, Joyce A. Adgidzi, Samuel Boyi Development Centre (BIODEC) Kano, Nigeria. Abstract This study examined municipal solid waste management practices and its impact on the environment in Aliyu Ibrahim Nasarawa LGA of Kano state through collection of data from field surveys and interviews. Findings National Biotechnology Development Agency from this study reveals organic wastes, nylons and plastics as bulk of municipal solid wastes generated (NABDA), Bioresources with increase in daily volume of generation and disposal by inhabitants. The most practiced method of Development Centre waste disposal is the open dumping method. Also, activities of government agency such as REMASAB (BIODEC) Kano, Nigeria. in waste management do not conform to sustainable waste management strategies and has resulted in series of environmental and health problems. Therefore, it is recommended that residents sort their Alheri N. Mshelia wastes before disposing to enable effective municipal solid waste management practices. Non- National Biotechnology governmental, private organizations and the REMASAB within the state should be encouraged by Development Agency providing necessary manpower, funds and equipment to aid the management of municipal solid waste. (NABDA), Bioresources Development Centre Keywords: Biodegradable, Non-Biodegradable, Municipal Solid Waste, Waste Management, (BIODEC) Kano, Nigeria. Environment, Solid Wastes. Augustine A. Okewu Department of Geography, Introduction Ahmadu Bello University Solid waste is referred to the non-liquid waste agricultural, municipal, commercial and Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. industrial activities within the environment [1,2]. These wastes comprise of waste produced from enterprises, hospitals, households, industries, construction and waste generated from Joyce A. Adgidzi 3 National Biotechnology marine zones [ ]. It can also be referred to as an unwanted, unusable and discarded materials 4 5 Development Agency by humans and production sources [ ]. [ ] stated that solid wastes are generated from (NABDA), Bioresources residential, businesses, manufacturing, agricultural and administrative sources, where the Development Centre greatest amount of solid waste which are mostly difficult to manage are from industrial and (BIODEC) Kano, Nigeria. residential areas. Samuel Boyi Garbage waste from homes, roadsides, non-toxic solid waste from commercial, industrial and Department of Geography, institutional establishments are referred to as municipal solid waste and are largely composed Ahmadu Bello University of wastes from papers, organic matter, polyesters, metals, fabrics, rubber, and glass [6]. The Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. main environmental problem in Nigeria can be attributed to the proliferation of urban solid wastes due to the increase in commercial and industrial activities within the country since the 7 1970s, thereby evolving urban centers with high population influx [ ]. The waste engendered by individuals and other anthropogenic activities is significantly on the increase in cities and urban centers, while the solid waste management capabilities of individuals, private sector and government agencies remains unfortunately low in handling wastes generated [8,9]. These wastes may litter the environment when they are not properly managed thereby causing 10 Correspondence: severe environmental degradation and aesthetic nuisance [ ]. David O. Balogun Municipal solid waste management ensures sustainability in protection of the environment, National Biotechnology its health and aesthetics in any urban structure [11]. It is a global problem that is a major Development Agency source of concern in developed and under developed nations due to urban sprawl and (NABDA), Bioresources industrialization which directly influence waste production and accumulation [12]. The rapid Development Centre (BIODEC) Kano, Nigeria. increase in world population growth and the massive influx of inhabitants into urban centers ~ 15 ~ World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development in search of better living has significantly contributed to attributed to the rate of refuse heaps which sometimes economic growth, increase in waste production and block drainage channels, become good breeding grounds accumulation together with waste management issues for insects, rodents and reptiles. Also, the wastes may cause [13,14,9,15]. However, the principle of waste management is adverse physical and health hazards due to accumulation saddled with the mandate of protecting the environment by and deterioration of certain toxic chemical elements. From repairing, reusing and recycling of waste, while proper most of these studies, the management of urban solid waste disposal should be the last option [16]. Solid waste in Nasarawa LGA of Kano state is given little management is aimed at forestalling the resultant effect of consideration. This paper attempts to fill this gap by waste disposal and accumulation on wellbeing of man and providing data on the nature and amount of waste his environment [17,18,19]. produced, method of waste collection and disposal together In Nasarawa LGA, the littering of refuse in open spaces, with perception of residents on solid waste management alleys and drainages are common around some households. practices and its resultant effect on the environment. From This could be attributed to high rate of waste generation the forgoing, this study examines municipal solid waste due to increase in population growth and influx, and poor management practices and impacts in Nasarawa Local waste management operations in terms of handling, storing, Government Area, Kano State with a view to making collecting and disposing by the individuals, private useful policy options for the improvement of the situation organizations and the Refuse Management and Sanitation by environmental managers and key stakeholders. Board as well as the Ministry of Environment in Kano state. Study Location Several studies may have been undertaken by various Nassarawa Local Government Area of Kano State is researchers on waste management in Kano State; [20] located between latitude 11⁰57'53'' and 12⁰02'30''N, examined the operations of agencies responsible for waste longitude 8⁰30'50'' and 8⁰34'20''E (Figure 1). The Local management in the Kano metropolis. The result showed a Government Area has an extent of 34km². It is bounded by substantial percentage of the population (80%) to not have Ungongo LGA in the north central, Gazewa LGA in north- access to waste collection services and considers the waste east, Warawa LGA in the South-east, Kumbotso and management service within the metropolis very poor. [21] Tarauni LGAs to the south-west and Fagge LGA to the carried out a study on household solid waste in Kano north-west. It has eleven wards, namely, Dakata, Gama, metropolitan area which showed that majority of the urban Gawuna, Giginyu, Gwagwaruwa, Hotoro North, Hotoro waste accounts for 62.5%, while institutions and industries South, Kawaji, Kauragoje, Tudunmurtala, and Tudunwada. located within residential areas contributed about 5.8% and The local government area has a population of 596,699 2.9% respectively. [7] also carried out a similar study on which constitutes about 21.1% of the metropolitan solid waste disposal and its resultant environmental issues population [22]. Influx of people and natural growth rate of in Kano metropolis, which showed the waste to comprise 3% is expected to continue to increase the population of the decomposable and non-biodegradable materials which are state. This population increase will thereby significantly mostly left in unauthorized dumpsites along road sides and increase waste generation in Nasarawa LGA and its open spaces. The study further showed that the unchecked management would require innovative strategies. urban expansion and population growth rate can be Fig. 1: Location of the Study Area Source: Kano State Geographic Information System ~ 16 ~ World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development The climate of the study area is the tropical wet and dry Total 160 100 Aw by Koppen’s classification. Climate dynamics plays a Household Size critical role waste management of the study area. For 1-5 43 27 example, waste accumulated over time increases in weight 6-10 87 54 due to increase in moisture content. Also, the organic Above 10 30 19 aspect of the waste decomposes quickly under high Total 160 100 humidity and heat leading to problems in management and Education Attainment getting rid the waste which directly affects the health of Tertiary 61 38 Secondary 58 36 inhabitants and waste workers [21]. Primary 19 12 Non-formal 22 14 Material and Methods Total 160 100 This research adopted stratified sampling technique to Occupation select the study area out of the eleven wards within the Unemployed 29 18 local government area. The local government area was Farmers 16 10 divided into four strata: North-West, North-East, South- Traders 52 33 West and South-Eastern part of the LGA. Convenient Civil