Federal Register/Vol. 65, No. 149/Wednesday, August

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Federal Register/Vol. 65, No. 149/Wednesday, August 47306 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 149 / Wednesday, August 2, 2000 / Rules and Regulations bench studies and clinical trials, other The Regulatory Flexibility Act PART 884ÐOBSTETRICAL AND relevant performance data, and labeling requires agencies to analyze regulatory GYNECOLOGICAL DEVICES will ensure that minimum levels of options that would minimize any performance, for both safety and significant impact of a rule on small 1. The authority citation for 21 CFR effectiveness, are addressed before entities. FDA knows of only one part 884 continues to read as follows: marketing clearance. Thus, persons who manufacturer of this type of device. Authority: 21 U.S.C. 351, 360, 360c, 360e, intend to market this device must Classification of these devices from 360j, 371. submit to FDA a premarket notification class III to class II will relieve this 2. Section 884.5970 is added to submission containing information on manufacturer of the device of the cost of subpart F to read as follows: the clitoral engorgement device before complying with the premarket approval marketing the device. requirements of section 515 of the act § 884.5970 Clitoral engorgement device. On April 28, 2000, FDA issued an (21 U.S.C. 360e) and may permit small (a) Identification. A clitoral order to the petitioner classifying potential competitors to enter the engorgement device is designed to apply Urometrics EROS±Clitoral Therapy marketplace by lowering their costs. The a vacuum to the clitoris. It is intended Device and substantially equivalent agency, therefore, certifies that the final for use in the treatment of female sexual devices of this generic type into class II rule will not have a significant impact arousal disorder. under the generic name, clitoral on a substantial number of small (b) Classification. Class II (special engorgement device. FDA identifies this entities. controls). The special control is a generic type of device as a device Section 202(a) of the Unfunded guidance document entitled: ``Guidance designed to apply a vacuum to the Mandates Reform Act of 1995 requires for Industry and FDA Reviewers: Class clitoris. It is intended for use in the that agencies prepare a written II Special Controls Guidance Document treatment of female sexual arousal statement of anticipated costs and for Clitoral Engorgement Devices.'' disorder. FDA is codifying this device benefits before proposing any rule that Dated: July 17, 2000. by adding 21 CFR 884.5970. This order may result in an expenditure by State, Linda S. Kahan, also identifies the following special local, and tribal governments, in the Deputy Director for Regulations Policy, Center control applicable to this device: A aggregate, or by the private sector, of for Devices and Radiological Health. special controls guidance document $100 million in any one year (adjusted [FR Doc. 00±19489 Filed 8±1±00; 8:45 am] entitled ``Guidance for Industry and annually for inflation). The Unfunded BILLING CODE 4160±01±F FDA Reviewers: Class II Special Mandates Reform Act does not require Controls Guidance for Clitoral FDA to prepare a statement of costs and benefits for the final rule, because the Engorgement Devices.'' DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE final rule is not expected to result in any II. Environmental Impact 1-year expenditure that would exceed Drug Enforcement Administration The agency has determined under 21 $100 million. CFR 25.34(b) that this action is of a type IV. Federalism 21 CFR Part 1308 that does not individually or cumulatively have a significant effect on FDA has analyzed this final rule in [DEA±187F] the human environment. Therefore, accordance with the principles set forth RIN 1117±AA51 neither an environmental assessment in Executive Order 13132. FDA has nor an environmental impact statement determined that the rule does not Schedules of Controlled Substances: is required. contain policies that have substantial Exempt Anabolic Steroids Products; direct effects on the States, on the Republication III. Analysis of Impacts relationship between the National FDA has examined the impacts of the Government and the States, or on the Editorial Note: Due to numerous printing final rule under Executive Order 12866 distribution of power and errors, rule document FR Doc. 00-17915 and the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 responsibilities among the various originally published at 65 FR 43690-43694, U.S.C. 601±612) (as amended by subtitle levels of government. Accordingly, the Friday, July 14, 2000 is being reprinted in its entirety. D of the Small Business Regulatory agency has concluded that the rule does AGENCY: Drug Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (Public Law 104± not contain policies that have Administration, Department of Justice. 121)), and the Unfunded Mandates federalism implications as defined in Reform Act of 1995 (Public Law 104±4). the order and, consequently, a ACTION: Final rule. federalism summary impact statement is Executive Order 12866 directs agencies SUMMARY: The Drug Enforcement not required. to assess all costs and benefits of Administration (DEA) published an available regulatory alternatives and, V. Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 interim rule with request for comments when regulation is necessary, to select (65 FR 3124, Jan. 20, 2000, as corrected This final rule contains no collections regulatory approaches that maximize at 65 FR 5024, Feb. 2, 2000) which of information. Therefore, clearance by net benefits (including potential identified six anabolic steroid products the Office of Management and Budget economic, environmental, public health as being exempt from certain regulatory under the Paperwork Reduction Act of and safety, and other advantages; provisions of the Controlled Substances 1995 is not required. distributive impacts; and equity). The Act (21 U.S.C. 801 et seq.) (CSA). No agency believes that this final rule is Therefore, under the Federal Food, comments were received. Therefore, the consistent with the regulatory Drug, and Cosmetic Act and under interim rule is being adopted without philosophy and principles identified in authority delegated to the Commissioner change. the Executive Order. In addition, the of Food and Drugs, 21 CFR part 884 is final rule is not a significant regulatory amended as follows: EFFECTIVE DATE: July 14, 2000. action as defined by the Executive Order FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: List of Subjects in 21 CFR Part 884 and so it is not subject to review under Frank L. Sapienza, Chief, Drug and the Executive Order. Medical devices. Chemical Evaluation Section, Drug VerDate 11<MAY>2000 18:25 Aug 01, 2000 Jkt 190000 PO 00000 Frm 00064 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\02AUR1.SGM pfrm01 PsN: 02AUR1 Federal Register / Vol. 65, No. 149 / Wednesday, August 2, 2000 / Rules and Regulations 47307 Enforcement Administration, records, reports, prescription, physical for Health, Department of Health and Washington, D.C. 20537; Telephone security, and import and export Human Services (HHS) a (202) 307±7183. restrictions associated with Schedule III recommendation as to whether these substances. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: products should be considered for Why Did DEA Add Six Products to the exemption from certain portions of the What Does This Rule Accomplish and List of Exempt Anabolic Steroids CSA. The Deputy Assistant by What Authority Is It Being Issued? Products? Administrator received the determination and recommendation of This rule finalizes an interim rule (65 Manufacturers of six anabolic steroid the Assistant Secretary for Health and FR 3124, Jan. 20, 2000, as corrected at products submitted exempt status Surgeon General that there was 65 FR 5024, Feb. 2, 2000) which applications to the Deputy Assistant sufficient evidence to establish that each identified six products as being exempt Administrator for the DEA Office of product does not possess a significant from certain portions of the Controlled Diversion Control in accordance with 21 potential for abuse. Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 801 et seq.) CFR 1308.33. Each application (CSA). Section 1903 of the Anabolic delineated a set of facts which the Which Anabolic Steroid Products Are Steroids Control Act of 1990 (title XIX applicant believed justified the exempt Affected and When Does the Rule of Pub. L. 101±647) (ASCA) provides status of its product. The applicants Become Effective? that the Attorney General may exempt provided information which they products which contain anabolic believed showed that because of the In the interim rule, the Deputy steroids from all or any part of the CSA specific product preparation, Assistant Administrator identified the if the products have no significant concentration, mixture, or delivery following six products as being exempt potential for abuse. The procedure for system these products had no from application of sections 302 and implementing this section of the ASCA significant potential for abuse. Upon through 309 and 1002 through 1004 of is described in 21 CFR 1308.33. Exempt acceptance of the applications, the the CSA (21 U.S.C. 822±829 and 952± status removes each product from Deputy Assistant Administrator 954) and 21 CFR 1301.13, 1301.22, and application of the registration, labeling, requested from the Assistant Secretary 1301.71 through 1301.76: EXEMPT ANABOLIC STEROID PRODUCTS Trade name Company NDC No. Form Ingredients Quantity Component E±H in process Ivy Laboratories, Inc., Over- ........................ Pail or drum ... Testosterone propionate ....... 10 parts granulation. land Park, KS. Estradiol benzoate ................ 1 part Component E±H in
Recommended publications
  • PPE Requirements Hazardous Drug Handling
    This document’s purpose is only to provide general guidance. It is not a definitive interpretation for how to comply with DOSH requirements. Consult the actual NIOSH hazardous drugs list and program regulations in entirety to understand all specific compliance requirements. Minimum PPE Required Minimum PPE Required Universal (Green) - handling and disposed of using normal precautions. PPE Requirements High (Red) - double gloves, gown, eye and face protection in Low (Yellow) - handle at all times with gloves and appropriate engineering Hazardous Drug Handling addition to any necessary controls. engineering controls. Moderate (Orange) -handle at all times with gloves, gown, eye and face protection (with splash potential) and appropirate engineering controls. Tablet Open Capsule Handling only - Contained Crush/Split No alteration Crush/Split Dispensed/Common Drug Name Other Drug Name Additional Information (Formulation) and (NIOSH CATEGORY #) Minimum PPE Minimum PPE Minimum PPE Minimum PPE Required required required required abacavir (susp) (2) ziagen/epzicom/trizivir Low abacavir (tablet) (2) ziagen/epzicom/trizivir Universal Low Moderate acitretin (capsule) (3) soriatane Universal Moderate anastrazole (tablet) (1) arimidex Low Moderate High android (capsule) (3) methyltestosterone Universal Moderate apomorphine (inj sq) (2) apomorphine Moderate arthotec/cytotec (tablet) (3) diclofenac/misoprostol Universal Low Moderate astagraf XL (capsule) (2) tacrolimus Universal do not open avordart (capsule) (3) dutasteride Universal Moderate azathioprine
    [Show full text]
  • Steroids 78 (2013) 44–52
    Steroids 78 (2013) 44–52 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Steroids journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/steroids Alternative long-term markers for the detection of methyltestosterone misuse ⇑ C. Gómez a,b, O.J. Pozo a, J. Marcos a,b, J. Segura a,b, R. Ventura a,b, a Bioanalysis Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain b Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain article info abstract Article history: Methyltestosterone (MT) is one of the most frequently detected anabolic androgenic steroids in doping Received 21 May 2012 control analysis. MT misuse is commonly detected by the identification of its two main metabolites Received in revised form 28 September excreted as glucuronide conjugates, 17a-methyl-5a-androstan-3a,17b-diol and 17a-methyl-5b-andro- 2012 stan-3a,17b-diol. The detection of these metabolites is normally performed by gas chromatography–mass Accepted 10 October 2012 spectrometry, after previous hydrolysis with b-glucuronidase enzymes, extraction and derivatization Available online 2 November 2012 steps. The aim of the present work was to study the sulphate fraction of MT and to evaluate their potential to improve the detection of the misuse of the drug in sports. MT was administered to healthy volunteers Keywords: and urine samples were collected up to 30 days after administration. After an extraction with ethyl ace- Methyltestosterone Sulphate tate, urine extracts were analysed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using electro- Metabolism spray ionisation in negative mode by monitoring the transition m/z 385 to m/z 97. Three diol sulphate LC–MS/MS metabolites (S1, S2 and S3) were detected.
    [Show full text]
  • Estradiol-17Β Pharmacokinetics and Histological Assessment Of
    animals Article Estradiol-17β Pharmacokinetics and Histological Assessment of the Ovaries and Uterine Horns following Intramuscular Administration of Estradiol Cypionate in Feral Cats Timothy H. Hyndman 1,* , Kelly L. Algar 1, Andrew P. Woodward 2, Flaminia Coiacetto 1 , Jordan O. Hampton 1,2 , Donald Nickels 3, Neil Hamilton 4, Anne Barnes 1 and David Algar 4 1 School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia; [email protected] (K.L.A.); [email protected] (F.C.); [email protected] (J.O.H.); [email protected] (A.B.) 2 Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3030, Australia; [email protected] 3 Lancelin Veterinary Hospital, Lancelin 6044, Australia; [email protected] 4 Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre 6983, Australia; [email protected] (N.H.); [email protected] (D.A.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 7 September 2020; Accepted: 17 September 2020; Published: 21 September 2020 Simple Summary: Feral cats (Felis catus) have a devastating impact on Australian native fauna. Several programs exist to control their numbers through lethal removal, using tools such as baiting with toxins. Adult male cats are especially difficult to control. We hypothesized that one way to capture these male cats is to lure them using female cats. As female cats are seasonal breeders, a method is needed to artificially induce reproductive (estrous) behavior so that they could be used for this purpose year-round (i.e., regardless of season).
    [Show full text]
  • Structure and Origin of Uterine and Extragenital L=Ibroids Induced
    Structure and Origin of Uterine and Extragenital l=ibroids Induced Experimentally in the Guinea Pig by Prolonged Administration of Estrogens* Alexander Lipschotz, M.D., and Louis Vargas, Jr., M.D. (From Department o/ Experimental Medicine, National Health Service o/the Republic o/Chile, Santiago, Chile) (Received for publication December 13, x94o) The purpose of this communication is to present the These experimentally induced abdominal tumors findings of a detailed microscopical study of the sites present a smooth surface formed of a capsule com- of origin and stages of development of the subserous posed of flattened superficial cells (Plate 2, Figs. 2-A fibroid tumors induced in guinea pigs by prolonged and 2-B). The cells beneath the capsule resemble administration of estrogens. Details of treatment of fibroblasts. These cells have definite boundaries or the animals are given in the explanations of Plates I- 5. they are separated from each other by collagenous Subserous uterine tumors which can be induced in fibers (Plate 4, Fig. ix-C). guinea pigs by prolonged administration of estrogens, The masses of fibroid tumors arising from the apex as described by Nelson (26, 27), were found to be of the uterine horn may enclose the tubes or large fibroids. Lipschiitz, Iglesias, and Vargas (i3, 18, 22) tubal cysts. The demarcation between the muscular have shown that extragenital tumors in the abdominal coat of the tube and the tumor is not always sharp. cavity, induced by estrogens, also were fibroids. The In some instances, especially when the apical fibroid localization of these tumo~:s at various sites on the is small, the tumor is in close contact with an abun- uterus, pancreas, kidney, spleen, etc., have been de- dance of smooth muscle and adipose tissue (Plate 2, scribed by Iglesias (5), Vargas and Lipschiitz (32), Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • New Pharmacological Treatments for Equine Reproductive Management
    New Pharmacological Treatments for Equine Reproductive Management P. J. Burns, Ph.D.11,2,3,4, D. L. Thompson, Jr, Ph.D.5, W. A. Storer Ph.D.5 R. Gilley B.S1,2,3., C. Morrow, D.V.M.3, J. Abraham, B. S. 7 & R. H. Douglas, Ph.D. 1,2,3 1BioRelease Technologies LLC, Birmingham, AL 2BET Pharm, Lexington, KY 3 Mt Laurel Veterinary Pharmacy, Birmingham, 4Burns BioSolutions INC, Lexington, KY 5Animal Sciences Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 6 Mobile Veterinary Practice, Amarillo, Tx, 7 Abraham Equine, Mendota Ranch, Canadian,Tx Introduction Loy (1970) reported that only 55% of mares bred annually produce live foals. Recent data from The Jockey Club (2006) indicate that only 37,025 of 64,123 (57.7%) of thoroughbred mares bred during 2005 produced live foals. This is considerably lower than foaling rates of 71 to 85%, which are reported on farms where extensive reproductive management is used. Overall, reproductive management has not improved much in the last 30 years. The long estrus period, with ovulation at any time from 1 to 10 days after the beginning of estrus, has made reproductive management of cyclic mares time-consuming, expensive and most importantly, inefficient. Furthermore, the confusion associated with the long and variable transition from anestrous to cyclicity in mares greatly magnifies the complexity of efficient reproductive management for this category of mares. There is a need to develop and capitalize on controlled breeding programs for the horse industry based on new advances in the understanding of cost effective hormonal control of reproduction in mares and stallions.
    [Show full text]
  • Degradation of Doping-Relevant Steroids by Rh. Erythropolis
    In: W Schänzer, H Geyer, A Gotzmann, U Mareck (eds.) Recent Advances In Doping Analysis (15). Sport und Buch Strauß - Köln 2007 J. Grosse1), C. Rautenberg1), L. Wassill2), D. Ganghofner2), D. Thieme3) Degradation of doping-relevant Steroids by Rh. Erythropolis 1) Institute of Doping Analysis and Sports Biochemistry, D-01731 Kreischa, Germany 2) Amplex Diagnostics GmbH, D-80337 Munich, Germany 3) Institute of Legal Medicine, D-80337 Munich, Germany Introduction Former studies have shown that steroids are potential substrates for microorganisms [1]. As an example, the degradation of testosterone induced by Rhodococcus erythropolis was observed. The formation of 4-androstene-3,17-dione, 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione (boldione) and 1,4-androstadiene-17β-hydroxy-3-one (boldenone) was confirmed [2]. Consequently a potential endogenous origin of boldenone and its metabolites has to be taken into consideration for the evaluation of routine doping control samples revealing the presence of these substances at low concentration level [3, 4]. This work presents results obtained from further studies related to the microbial conversion of steroid substrates being relevant in doping analysis. For this purpose incubation by Rh. erythropolis was applied to examine the influence of structural variations (A/B-ring structure, substitution at position 17, conjugation) on the initial steps of the degradation pathway. Experimental Rh. erythropolis culture grown on agar plate “Mueller-Hinton” was utilised. Altogether 16 substrates (see table 1) were examined in this study. The experiments were carried out in a blank urine of a male infant spiked with 1 µg/mL of the selected substrate. Two aliquots of each sample were prepared, one control without addition and one „active“ sample with addition of bacteria solution, and incubated at 30°C for 24 hours.
    [Show full text]
  • Pp375-430-Annex 1.Qxd
    ANNEX 1 CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL DATA ON COMPOUNDS USED IN COMBINED ESTROGEN–PROGESTOGEN CONTRACEPTIVES AND HORMONAL MENOPAUSAL THERAPY Annex 1 describes the chemical and physical data, technical products, trends in produc- tion by region and uses of estrogens and progestogens in combined estrogen–progestogen contraceptives and hormonal menopausal therapy. Estrogens and progestogens are listed separately in alphabetical order. Trade names for these compounds alone and in combination are given in Annexes 2–4. Sales are listed according to the regions designated by WHO. These are: Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Togo, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe America (North): Canada, Central America (Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago), United States of America America (South): Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay,
    [Show full text]
  • Determination of 17 Hormone Residues in Milk by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrom
    No. LCMSMS-065E Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Determination of 17 Hormone Residues in Milk by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Triple Quadrupole No. LCMSMS-65E Mass Spectrometry This application news presents a method for the determination of 17 hormone residues in milk using Shimadzu Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatograph (UHPLC) LC-30A and Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer LCMS- 8040. After sample pretreatment, the compounds in the milk matrix were separated using UPLC LC-30A and analyzed via Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer LCMS-8040. All 17 hormones displayed good linearity within their respective concentration range, with correlation coefficient in the range of 0.9974 and 0.9999. The RSD% of retention time and peak area of 17 hormones at the low-, mid- and high- concentrations were in the range of 0.0102-0.161% and 0.563-6.55% respectively, indicating good instrument precision. Method validation was conducted and the matrix spike recovery of milk ranged between 61.00-110.9%. The limit of quantitation was 0.14-0.975 g/kg, and it meets the requirement for detection of hormones in milk. Keywords: Hormones; Milk; Solid phase extraction; Ultra performance liquid chromatograph; Triple quadrupole mass spectrometry ■ Introduction Since 2008’s melamine-tainted milk scandal, the With reference to China’s national standard GB/T adulteration of milk powder has become a major 21981-2008 "Hormone Multi-Residue Detection food safety concern. In recent years, another case of Method for Animal-derived Food - LC-MS Method", dairy product safety is suspected to cause "infant a method utilizing solid phase extraction, ultra- sexual precocity" (also known as precocious puberty) performance liquid chromatography and triple and has become another major issue challenging the quadrupole mass spectrometry was developed for dairy industry in China.
    [Show full text]
  • Progesterone and Estradiol Benzoate. (Iii) Limitations
    Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 522.1940 0.28 milligrams of isopropamide) in (ii) Indications for use. For increased buffered aqueous solution. rate of weight gain. (b) Sponsor. See No. 000069 in (iii) Limitations. For use in suckling § 510.600(c) of this chapter. beef calves (at least 45 days of age) up (c) Conditions of use. (1) The drug is to 400 pounds (lb) of body weight. For used in dogs and cats in which gastro- subcutaneous ear implantation, one intestinal disturbances are associated dose per animal. Do not use in bull with emotional stress. calves intended for reproduction. Safe- (2) Dosage is administered by sub- ty and effectiveness have not been es- cutaneous injection twice daily as fol- tablished in veal calves. A withdrawal lows: period has not been established for this product in preruminating calves. Do Dosage in Weight of animal in pounds Milliliters not use in calves to be processed for veal. Up to 4 ................................................................. 0.25 (2) Steers—(i) Amount—(A) 200 mg pro- 5 to 14 ................................................................. 0.5–1 15 to 30 ............................................................... 2–3 gesterone and 20 mg estradiol benzoate 30 to 45 ............................................................... 3–4 (one implant consisting of 8 pellets, 45 to 60 ............................................................... 4–5 each pellet containing 25 mg progester- Over 60 ................................................................ 6 one and 2.5 mg estradiol benzoate) per implant dose. Following the last injection, admin- (B) 200 mg progesterone and 20 mg es- ister prochlorperazine and tradiol benzoate (one implant con- isopropamide sustained release cap- sisting of 9 pellets, each of 8 pellets sules as indicated. containing 25 mg progesterone and 2.5 (3) For use only by or on the order of mg estradiol benzoate, and 1 pellet con- a licensed veterinarian.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Chronic Treatment with Testosterone Propionate on Aggression and Hormonal Levels in Intact Male Mice
    Psychoneuroendocrinology, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 275–293, 1998 © 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved Printed in Great Britain 0306-4530/98 $19.00+.00 PII: S0306-4530(97)00005-5 EFFECTS OF CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE ON AGGRESSION AND HORMONAL LEVELS IN INTACT MALE MICE S. Martı´nez-Sanchis, A. Salvador, L. Moya-Albiol, E. Gonza´lez-Bono and V. M. Simo´n Area de Psicobiologı´a, Facultad de Psicologı´a, Universitat de Vale`ncia, Avenida Blasco Iban˜ez n° 21, Apartado 22109, 46071 Valencia, Spain (Recei6ed 31 January 1997; in final form 22 No6ember 1997) SUMMARY Effects of testosterone propionate, an anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS), on aggression in gonadally intact male mice were examined. Animals were given weekly injections of 3.75, 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg of drug or sesame oil for 10 weeks. During the last 3 weeks, behavioral tests were conducted and at the end of the experiment, body, liver and testes weight and hormonal data were collected. The treatment had minimal behavioral and endocrine effects. It resulted in shorter latencies of ‘threat’ only in the last agonistic encounter, increases in testosterone levels and decreases in testes weight in a non-linear dose-dependant way. The action of the treatment was different on threat and attack, the latter being unaffected. The behavioral effects in the total sample were only found in aggressive animals selected on the basis of their latency of attack in the first encounter. © 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords—AAS; Testosterone; Corticosterone; Aggression; Intact male mice; Individual differences.
    [Show full text]
  • Profiles of Circulating Estradiol-17Β After Different Estrogen Treatments in Lactating Dairy Cows
    Anim. Reprod., v.2, n.4, p.224-232, Oct./Dec. 2005 Profiles of circulating estradiol-17β after different estrogen treatments in lactating dairy cows A.H. Souza1, A.P. Cunha1, D.Z. Caraviello1, M.C. Wiltbank1,2 1Department of Dairy Science, 1675 Observatory Drive, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA 53706 Abstract Washburn et al., 2002). One of the physiological aspects that may affect reproductive efficiency in The objective of this study was to characterize lactating dairy cows is the elevated metabolism of the circulating concentrations of estradiol-17β (E-17β) estradiol-17β (E-17β; Sangsritavong et al., 2002). This after treatment with different types or doses of estrogens high E-17β metabolism appears to be due to the in the absence (Experiment 1) or presence (Experiment 2) elevated liver blood flow that is coincident with of a dominant follicle in lactating cows. In Experiment 1, elevated dry matter intake in lactating dairy cows cows (n = 12) had all follicles > 5 mm removed by (Sangsritavong et al., 2002). High rates of E-17β ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration every 12 h metabolism result in reduced circulating E-17β throughout the blood sampling period. Estrogen concentrations in lactating cows compared to non- treatments started 48 h after the first follicular aspiration. lactating cows (Sartori et al., 2002a; 2004) and in Treatments were: no treatment, E-17β (0.5 mg), or lactating cows with high milk production compared to estradiol benzoate (EB, 0.5 mg). Seven days after the cows with low production (Lopez et al., 2004; 2005). end of the first trial, cows were then re-randomized to Since E-17β is involved in many aspects of reproductive receive: no treatment, E-17β (1.0 mg), EB (1.0 mg), or physiology, this reduction in circulating E-17β could estradiol cypionate (ECP, 1.0 mg).
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,022,053 B2 Mueller Et Al
    US008022053B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,022,053 B2 Mueller et al. (45) Date of Patent: Sep. 20, 2011 (54) ORAL SOLID DOSAGE FORMS CONTAINING 4,755,386 A 7, 1988 Hsiao et al. A LOW DOSE OF ESTRADIOL 5,073,374. A 12/1991 McCarty 5,776.492. A 7/1998 Betzing et al. 5,891,867 A * 4/1999 Lanquetin et al. ............ 514,170 (75) Inventors: Kristina Mueller, Berlin (DE); Torsten 5,891,868 A 4/1999 Cummings et al. Wagner, Berlin (DE); Adrian Funke, 6,030,988 A 2/2000 Gilis et al. Berlin (DE); Christian Zurth, Berlin 6,060,077 A * 5/2000 Meignant ...................... 424/434 (DE) 6,323,366 B1 1 1/2001 Wolfe et al. 6,326,366 B1* 12/2001 Potter et al. ................... 514, 182 6,455,069 B1 9, 2002 Michaud et al. (73) Assignee: Bayer Schering Pharma 6,521,253 B1 2/2003 Forsman et al. Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin (DE) 6,558,707 B1 5/2003 Thosar et al. 6,653,298 B2 * 1 1/2003 Potter et al. ................... 514, 182 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 (Continued) U.S.C. 154(b) by 1017 days. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (21) Appl. No.: 11/262,952 EP 04.078O140 11, 2004 (Continued) (22) Filed: Nov. 1, 2005 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (65) Prior Publication Data The Contraception Report, “Bioecuivalence between Brand-Name US 2006/O 111334 A1 May 25, 2006 and Generic OCs.” Jun. 2002, 13(2), 6-8.* Related U.S.
    [Show full text]