Open Access + Preprints
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Preprints in the Spotlight: Establishing Best Practices, Building Trust 1
ISSUE BRIEF Preprints in the Spotlight Establishing Best Practices, Building Trust May 27, 2020 Oya Y. Rieger Ithaka S+R provides research and Copyright 2020 ITHAKA. This work is strategic guidance to help the licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 academic and cultural communities International License. To view a copy of serve the public good and navigate the license, please see http://creative- economic, demographic, and commons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. technological change. Ithaka S+R is ITHAKA is interested in disseminating part of ITHAKA, a not-for-profit this brief as widely as possible. Please organization that works to advance contact us with any questions about using and preserve knowledge and to the report: [email protected]. improve teaching and learning through the use of digital technologies. Artstor, JSTOR, and Portico are also part of ITHAKA. PREPRINTS IN THE SPOTLIGHT: ESTABLISHING BEST PRACTICES, BUILDING TRUST 1 Introduction Preprints have been getting a lot of attention recently. The COVID-19 pandemic—the first major health crisis since medical and biomedical preprints have become widely available online—has further underscored the importance of speedy dissemination of research outcomes. Preprints allow researchers to share results with speed, but raise questions about accuracy, misconduct, and our reliance on the “self-correcting” nature of the scientific enterprise. As scientists and health care professionals, as well as the general public, look for information about the pandemic, preprint services are growing in importance. So too are the policy decisions preprint platform leaders make. Even before the crisis struck, it was clear that 2020 would be a year of reckoning for preprints. -
The Evolving Preprint Landscape
The evolving preprint landscape Introductory report for the Knowledge Exchange working group on preprints. Based on contributions from the Knowledge Exchange Preprints Advisory Group (see page 12) and edited by Jonathan Tennant ([email protected]). 1. Introduction 1.1. A brief history of preprints 1.2. What is a preprint? 1.3 Benefits of using preprints 1.4. Current state of preprints 1.4.1. The recent explosion of preprint platforms and services 2. Recent policy developments 3. Trends and future predictions 3.1. Overlay journals and services 3.2. Global expansion 3.3. Research on preprints 3.4. Community development 4. Gaps in the present system 5. Main stakeholder groups 6. Business and funding models Acknowledgements References 1. Introduction 1.1. A brief history of preprints In 1961, the USA National Institutes of Health (NIH) launched a program called Information Exchange Groups, designed for the circulation of biological preprints, but this shut down in 1967 (Confrey, 1996; Cobb, 2017). In 1991, the arXiv repository was launched for physics, computer science, and mathematics, which is when preprints (or ‘e-prints’) began to increase in popularity and attention (Wikipedia ArXiv#History; Jackson, 2002). The Social Sciences Research Network (SSRN) was launched in 1994, and in 1997 Research Papers in Economics (Wikipedia RePEc) was launched. In 2008, the research network platforms Academia.edu and ResearchGate were both launched and allowed sharing of research papers at any stage. In 2013, two new biological preprint servers were launched, bioRxiv (by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) and PeerJ Preprints (by PeerJ) (Wikipedia BioRxiv; Wikipedia PeerJ). -
Open Science in Archaeology
Marwick, B. et al. (2017) Open science in archaeology. SAA Archaeological Record, 17(4), pp. 8-14. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/148887/ Deposited on: 29 September 2017 Enlighten – Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk Open Science in Archaeology Ben Marwick*, Jade d’Alpoim Guedes, C. Michael Barton, Lynsey A. Bates, Michael Baxter, Andrew Bevan, Elizabeth A. Bollwerk, R. Kyle Bocinsky, Tom Brughmans, Alison K. Carter, Cyler Conrad, Daniel A. Contreras, Stefano Costa, Enrico R. Crema, Adrianne Daggett, Benjamin Davies, B. Lee Drake, Thomas S. Dye, Phoebe France, Richard Fullagar, Domenico Giusti, Shawn Graham, Matthew D. Harris, John Hawks, Sebastian Heath, Damien Huffer, Eric C. Kansa, Sarah Whitcher Kansa, Mark E. Madsen, Jennifer Melcher, Joan Negre, Fraser D. Neiman, Rachel Opitz, David C. Orton, Paulina Przystupa, Maria Raviele, Julien Riel-Salvatore, Philip Riris, Iza Romanowska, Néhémie Strupler, Isaac I. Ullah, Hannah G. Van Vlack, Ethan C. Watrall, Chris Webster, Joshua Wells, Judith Winters, Colin D. Wren * corresponding author, [email protected] Introduction In archaeology, we are accustomed to investing great effort into collecting data from fieldwork, museum collections, and other sources, followed by detailed description, rigorous analysis, and in many cases ending with publication of our findings in short, highly concentrated reports or journal articles. Very often, these publications are all that is visible of this lengthy process, and even then, most of our journal articles are only accessible to scholars at institutions paying subscription fees to the journal publishers. -
Open Access Self-Archiving of Refereed Research: a Post-Gutenberg Compromise Stevan Harnad University of Southhampton, [email protected]
Against the Grain Volume 23 | Issue 2 Article 9 April 2011 Open Access Self-Archiving of Refereed Research: A Post-Gutenberg Compromise Stevan Harnad University of Southhampton, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/atg Part of the Library and Information Science Commons Recommended Citation Harnad, Stevan (2011) "Open Access Self-Archiving of Refereed Research: A Post-Gutenberg Compromise," Against the Grain: Vol. 23: Iss. 2, Article 9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7771/2380-176X.5786 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. However, many publishers either do not make our collective understanding of the type of de- Journal Article Versioning is … any changes to the version of record or display mands from scholarly readers and practitioners from page 20 non-standard indicators when such changes oc- for article versioning standards. cur. SAGE is prepared to contribute to shared practices to release material of the highest pos- efforts toward clear and acceptable practices sible quality, published within known patterns for iterations beyond the version of record. Endnotes and bearing standard mechanisms of cataloging SAGE is prepared to launch another wave of 1. The summer 2010 survey was conducted and archiving, such as ISSNs and DOIs. Jour- production and platform enhancements to our by NISO across representatives of key nal article version metadata are now a facet of journals publishing program that allow clear groups — repository managers, librarians, publishers’ responsibilities in disseminating indications of changes to an article’s version and journal publishers and editors — to learn scholarly material online. -
Downloads Presented on the Abstract Page
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.27.063578; this version posted April 28, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. A systematic examination of preprint platforms for use in the medical and biomedical sciences setting Jamie J Kirkham1*, Naomi Penfold2, Fiona Murphy3, Isabelle Boutron4, John PA Ioannidis5, Jessica K Polka2, David Moher6,7 1Centre for Biostatistics, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. 2ASAPbio, San Francisco, CA, USA. 3Murphy Mitchell Consulting Ltd. 4Université de Paris, Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Inserm, Paris, F-75004 France. 5Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS) and Departments of Medicine, of Epidemiology and Population Health, of Biomedical Data Science, and of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. 6Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada. 7School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. *Corresponding Author: Professor Jamie Kirkham Centre for Biostatistics Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Jean McFarlane Building Oxford Road Manchester, M13 9PL, UK Email: [email protected] Tel: +44 (0)161 275 1135 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.27.063578; this version posted April 28, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. -
Harvesting for Disseminating
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by E-LIS pg. 1 of 20 Harvesting for Disseminating Harvesting for Disseminating. Open Archives and Role of Academic Libraries Abstract The Scholarly communication system is in a critical stage, due to a number of factors. The Open Access movement is perhaps the most interesting response that the scientific community has tried to give to this problem. The paper examines strengths and weaknesses of the Open Access strategy in general and, more specifically, of the Open Archives Initiative, discussing experiences, criticisms and barriers. All authors that have faced the problems of implementing an OAI compliant e-print server agree that technical and practical problems are not the most difficult to overcome and that the real problem is the change in cultural attitude required. In this scenario the university library is possibly the standard bearer for the advent and implementation of e-prints archives and Open Archives services. To ensure the successful implementation of this service the Library has a number of distinct roles to play. Key words Self-archiving, Open Access archives, Open Archives Initiative. Copyr. 2003 , The Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice St.Binghamton, NY 13904, United States. The article will be published in the January 2005 issue "Managing Digital Resources" of the journal The Acquisitions Librarian. pg. 2 of 20 Harvesting for Disseminating Introduction The “anomalous picture” described in an important paper (Harnad, “For Whom”) is a fine example of the critical point in which scholarly communication lies. The ever increasing journal prices, perceptions of inadequacies in the journal system, along with a consistent reduction in library resources and the advent of new technologies thus creating new opportunities have all contributed to a ferment of innovative ideas and projects for enhancing or replacing the present scholarly communication system. -
Episciences: a Model of Overlay Journals
Episciences: a model of overlay journals COAR 2019 Annual Meeting & General Assembly Lyon (France) 2019-05-22 Raphaël Tournoy <[email protected]> HAL hal.archives-ouvertes.fr HAL is an open archive where authors can deposit scholarly documents from all academic fields Created in 2000 Missions: Development of OA and related services for the higher education and Sciencesconf.org research community www.sciencesconf.org A Web platform available to all organizers of scientific conferences that have calls for communication Partner in European projects: MedOANet, DARIAH-EU, PEER OpenAIRE, Equipex DILOH, ANR Episciences.org Campus AAR www.episciences.org An overlay journal platform www.ccsd.cnrs.fr 2 CONTEXT • Growing number of preprints and servers • No scientific validation in OA repositories • Preprints are less likely to be cited • Subscriptions costs rising • Budgets cuts for libraries • Long delay of publishing in journals 3 PROPOSAL : OVERLAY JOURNALS • Build journals on top of OA repositories • Peer review preprints • Submit revised preprints in repositories • Publish preprints as articles 4 CCSD’S PROPOSAL FOR OVERLAY JOURNALS • Episciences: platform for creating and hosting scientific journals (2013) • Built above open archives, composed of documents deposited in HAL, arXiv,… • From open access (OA preprints) To open access (OA papers) 5 EPISCIENCES ORGANIZATION • The steering committee review general platform orientations and epi-committees • Epi-committees select new journals in their disciplines • Editorials Committees -
Nature Toolbox Leading Mathematician Launches Arxiv 'Overlay' Journal Journal That Reviews Papers from Preprint Server Aims to R
Nature Toolbox Leading mathematician launches arXiv 'overlay' journal Journal that reviews papers from preprint server aims to return publishing to the hands of academics. Philip Ball 15 September 2015 New journals spring up with overwhelming, almost tiresome, frequency these days. But Discrete Analysis is different. This journal is online only — but it will contain no papers. Rather, it will provide links to mathematics papers hosted on the preprint server arXiv. Researchers will submit their papers directly from arXiv to the journal, which will evaluate them by conventional peer review. With no charges for contributors or readers, Discrete Analysis will avoid the commercial pressures that some feel are distorting the scientific literature, in part by reducing its accessibility, says the journal's managing editor Timothy Gowers, a mathematician at the University of Cambridge, UK, and a winner of the prestigious Fields Medal. “Part of the motivation for starting the journal is, of course, to challenge existing models of academic publishing and to contribute in a small way to creating an alternative and much cheaper system,” he explained in a 10 September blogpost announcing the journal. “If you trust authors to do their own typesetting and copy-editing to a satisfactory standard, with the help of suggestions from referees, then the cost of running a mathematics journal can be at least two orders of magnitude lower than the cost incurred by traditional publishers.” Related stories • Open access: The true cost of science publishing • Mathematicians aim to take publishers out of publishing • Open-access deal for particle physics More related stories Discrete Analysis' costs are only $10 per submitted paper, says Gowers; money required to make use of Scholastica, software that was developed at the University of Chicago in Illinois for managing peer review and for setting up journal websites. -
OPENING the RECORD of SCIENCE MAKING SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING WORK for SCIENCE in the DIGITAL ERA 2 International Science Council Opening the Record of Science
OPENING THE RECORD OF SCIENCE MAKING SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING WORK FOR SCIENCE IN THE DIGITAL ERA 2 International Science Council Opening the Record of Science Citation: International Science Council. 2021. Opening the record of science: making scholarly publishing work for science in the digital era. Paris, France. International Science Council. http://doi.org/10.24948/2021.01 Photo credits: Cover by metamorworks on shutterstock.com p10 by Garry Killian on shutterstock.com p15 by Olga Miltsova on shutterstock.com p20 by sdecoret on shutterstock.com p35 by whiteMocca on shutterstock.com p42 by Pixels Hunter on shutterstock.com p53 by SFIO CRACHO on shutterstock.com p60 by Pixels Hunter on shutterstock.com p68 by Pixels Hunter on shutterstock.com p71 by Pixels Hunter on shutterstock.com Design: Alan J. Tait / ajtait.co.uk Work with the ISC to advance science as a global public good. Connect with us at: www.council.science [email protected] International Science Council 5 rue Auguste Vacquerie 75116 Paris, France www.twitter.com/ISC www.facebook.com/InternationalScience www.instagram.com/council.science www.linkedin.com/company/international-science-council 3 International Science Council Opening the Record of Science CONTENTS Preface 5 Summary 6 1. SCIENCE AND PUBLISHING 10 1.1 Why science matters 11 1.2 The record of science 11 1.3 Diverse publishing traditions 14 2. PRINCIPLES FOR SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING 15 2.1 Principles and their rationales 16 2.2 Responses from the scientific community 19 3. THE EVOLVING LANDSCAPE OF SCHOLARLY AND SCIENTIFIC 20 PUBLISHING 3.1 The commercialization of scientific publishing 21 3.2 The reader-pays model 24 3.3 The open access movement 24 3.4 The author-pays models 26 3.5 Learned society publishing 28 3.6 Institutionally-based repositories and infrastructures 28 3.7 Preprint repositories 29 3.8 ‘Public infrastructures’ – publicly funded and scholar-led 31 3.9 Books and monographs 33 3.10 ‘Predatory’ publishing 34 4. -
Total Scicomm: a Strategy for Communicating Open Science
publications Communication Total SciComm: A Strategy for Communicating Open Science Manh-Toan Ho * , Manh-Tung Ho and Quan-Hoang Vuong Centre for Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam; [email protected] (M.-T.H.); [email protected] (Q.-H.V.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: This paper seeks to introduce a strategy of science communication: Total SciComm or all-out science communication. We proposed that to maximize the outreach and impact, scientists should use different media to communicate different aspects of science, from core ideas to methods. The paper uses an example of a debate surrounding a now-retracted article in the Nature journal, in which open data, preprints, social media, and blogs are being used for a meaningful scientific conversation. The case embodied the central idea of Total SciComm: the scientific community employs every medium to communicate scientific ideas and engages all scientists in the process. Keywords: preprints; open science; science communication; social media; Total SciComm 1. Introduction Growing skepticism towards scientific findings makes capturing attention from the public an urgent and serious issue for scientists. The attention will help raise the scien- Citation: Ho, M.-T.; Ho, M.-T.; tists’ profiles and provide scientists a channel to communicate through scientific ideas. Vuong, Q.-H. Total SciComm: A On YouTube, and a new form of radio—podcast—the rise of the Intellectual Dark Web Strategy for Communicating Open group is a prominent example of an effort for good and effective science communication [1]. Science. Publications 2021, 9, 31. -
8. Making Research Data Accessible
8. Making Research Data Accessible Diana Kapiszewski Sebastian Karcher1 Published as Kapiszewski, Diana, and Sebastian Karcher. 2020. “Making Research Data Accessible.” In The Production of Knowledge: Enhancing Progress in Social Science, edited by Colin Elman, James Mahoney, and John Gerring, 197–220. Strategies for Social Inquiry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108762519.008. One of the key themes in this volume is that social science takes place in a community setting. As social scientists develop and answer their questions, they adhere to the norms and practices of their respective research communities. Over time, understandings of what being a responsible community member entails change. Today, members of social science communities are increasingly expected to provide access to the data they generate and use in their research (within ethical and legal constraints). Of course, discussions about openness in social science research have deep roots. In 1985, for example, Fienberg, Martin and Straf (1985, 25) called for sharing data to become a regular practice. A decade later, political scientist Gary King (1995) highlighted the importance of making available replication data and associated materials underpinning quantitative and qualitative research publications. The last few years, however, have seen a marked acceleration in discussions about expanding access to research data across the social sciences—spurred on by broader technological and societal changes, as well as policy interventions by the White House, National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, and others. There is currently increasing momentum towards making openness the default position in social science research, and towards requiring that exceptions be based on established grounds. -
Walking the Plank: How Scholarly Piracy Affects Publishers, Libraries and Their Users
Walking the Plank: How Scholarly Piracy Affects Publishers, Libraries and Their Users Laurie Morrison, Carol Stephenson, and Elizabeth Yates* Introduction The arrival of technology supporting peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing in scholarly communication has, until -re cently, had minimal impact on libraries. However, threats posed by pirate sites including Library Genesis Project (LibGen) and Sci-Hub are now impacting both library users and library licensing agreements with publishers. Publishers are nervous as they witness their proprietary content leaking out of paywalled systems—not just hundreds of thousands of articles, but millions. Accordingly, publishers are monitoring activities in licensed products very closely for any behavior that they deem suspicious. When a user’s activities cause a publisher to question whether materials are being pirated, the outcomes can vary. Consequences can range from relatively minor inconvenience for blocked users, who must find workarounds to access scholarly content—to the poten- tial for major disruption of a centuries-old proprietary publishing system. This article uses a case study involving a student at Brock University to highlight significant challenges facing libraries and the rights of their users in the current environment of piracy-wary academic publishers. Case Study: Access Denied “I feel like I’m being penalized for my honesty.” That’s how a graduate student at Brock University felt in January 2016, after her legitimate quest to download several hundred articles for a meta-analysis project turned into a protracted—and ultimately unsuccessful—negotiation with the American Psychological Association. Sarah† had downloaded about 20 articles from the PsycINFO database when she received the following screen prompt: The APA PsycNET Terms and Conditions prohibit “Systematic downloading of content, whether done manually or by technological means.” Please contact [email protected] if you are inter- ested in data mining or wish to conduct a systematic review or meta analysis with PsycINFO data.