Barony of Cardinham Cardinham Principle Baronies Seat/County Cornwall source IJ Saunders Date History of Lordship Monarchs 871 Creation of the English Monarchy Alfred the Great 871-899 Edward Elder 899-924 Athelstan 924-939 Edmund I 939-946 Edred 946-955 Edwy 955-959 Edgar 959-975 Edward the Martyr 975-978 Ethelred 978-1016 Edmund II 1016 Canute 1016-1035 Harold I 1035-1040 Harthacnut 1040-1042 Edward the Confessor 1042-1066 Harold II 1066 1066 Norman Conquest- Battle of Hastings William I 1066-1087 Post 1066 Richard fitz Turold (or Turolf) is the 1st Baron of Cardinham (although it is not called this until the 12th century) subject to the authority of Reginald, Earl of Cornwall. Richard holds Cardinham Castle, Restormel Castle, Penhallam Castles and is the steward of Robert de Mortain (half brother of William the Conqueror). The barony measures 71 knight’s fees which is extremely large. 1086 Domesday William II 1087-1100 1103-06 Richard dies leaving a son and heir William fitz Richard, the 2nd Baron. 1135 William is given custody of the Royal Castle of Launceston by Henry I 1100-35 King Stephen. 1140 With the invasion of England William switches allegiance and Stephen 1135-54 admits Reginald (one of Henry I’s illegitimate sons) to Launceston Castle. He also gives one of his daughters in marriage to Reginald effectively handing over control of Cornwall. King Stephen initially tries to stop the union but accepts it and makes Reginald Earl of Cornwall. Unknown William dies leaving a son and heir Robert fitz William, the 3rd Baron. © Copyright Manorial Counsel Limited 2014 Barony of Cardinham Date History of Lordship Monarchs 1169-77 Robert dies leaving a son and heir of the same name, the 4th Henry II 1154-89 Baron. 1180 Robert dies and is succeeded by Robert de Cardinham, the 5th Baron. He is one of the King’s Justices. 1192-1225 Robert converts Restormel Castle from a wooden motte and Richard I 1189-99 bailey into a rare stone circular shell keep castle. Robert moves the family home to Restormel Castle from Cardinham Castle. 1194 Robert is excused scutage (the monetary equivalent for 71 knight’s fees). He is recorded as the largest land owner in Cornwall. 1215 Magna Carta John 1199-1216 1215 Robert maintains his allegiance with King John and is granted Henry III 1216-72 custody of Cornwall. 1215-1217 First Barons War 1218-19 Robert loses custody of Cornwall however he does serve as a Royal Justice. 1220 Robert serves for a brief period as High Sheriff of Cornwall. 1230 Robert dies leaving a son and heir Andrew, the 6th Baron. 1234 Andrew completes a sophisticated manor house on the old site of Penhallam Castle. 1252-54 Andrew dies with no male heir so his daughter Isolda inherits Cardinham. She is married to Thomas de Tracey who is the 7th Baron in the right of his wife. 1264-1267 Second Barons War 1264-70 Thomas dies with no heir, so the barony reverts to Isolda. Unknown Isolda marries William de Ferrers. Isolda is possibly forced to sell the barony to Sir Oliver de Dinham the 8th Baron to disinherit her grandson after the Barons War. Or another theory is that Isolda marries Sir Oliver after William de Ferrers death. © Copyright Manorial Counsel Limited 2014 Barony of Cardinham Date History of Lordship Monarchs 1264 Restormel Castle is seized by Simon de Montford. Sir Oliver is made Constable of Exeter Castle. Sir Oliver is an active soldier and is summoned to Oxford to fight against the rebels. 1265 Restormel Castle is seized back by the High Sheriff of Cornwall, Sir Ralph Arundell. Isolda is persuaded to grant legal ownership of Restormel Castle to Henry III’s brother, Richard, Earl of Cornwall. 1267 Sir Oliver is made Constable of Taunton Castle. 1270 Hugh de Treverbin challenges Sir Oliver’s right to the barony arguing his wife, Emma de Cardinham has a better claim but fails. 1272-75 Sir Oliver is made Keeper of Lundy Island. 1277-82 Sir Oliver campaigns in Wales with King Edward “the Edward I 1272-1307 Longshanks”. 1283 Sir Oliver is summoned to attend King Edward for a Military Council. 1295-6 Sir Oliver is summoned to Parliament as the 1st Baron Dynham. 1299 Sir Oliver dies leaving a son and heir Sir Joce de Dynham, the 9th Baron. 1300-01 Joce is summoned for military service by writ. He dies leaving a son and heir John who is only 6 years old, who will become the 10th Baron. 1317-25 Sir John has reached majority, takes ownership of the barony and is summoned by writ to do military service. 1323 Sir John is summoned to a Military Council by King Edward. Edward II 1307-27 1329 Sir John is summoned to appear before the Bishop of Exeter on Edward III 1327-77 a charge of incest and adultery with his cousin. He does not attend and is excommunicated. He subsequently obtains an inhibition (appeal) from the Court of the Metropolitan. 1331 The Archbishop informs the Bishop of Exeter that Sir John is to appear before him. Sir John prepares to go on a pilgrimage overseas as penance. © Copyright Manorial Counsel Limited 2014 Barony of Cardinham Date History of Lordship Monarchs 1332 Sir John dies leaving a son and heir of the same name who is 14 years of age, he will become the 11th Baron. 1383 Sir John is murdered by the notorious thieves Robert Tuwyng and John Broun leaving a son and heir Sir John, the 12th Baron. Sir John takes the law into his own hands, but he is pardoned for killing Tuwyng and imprisoning Broun. 1397 Sir John is accused by the Abbot of Hartland of breaking into Richard II 1377-1399 his wife’s confessor’s house, assaulting him, chasing him to his bed chamber and ill-treating his servants. He is bound over to keep the peace and fined 1,000 marks. 1401,2 &4 Sir John is found guilty of assaults on the King’s subjects. He Henry IV 1399-1413 and others are accused of digging up a road at Kingskerwell, Devon and assaulting the Abbot of Torre’s men. 1407 Sir John is pardoned for the assault convictions. Henry V 1413-22 1428 Sir John dies and leaves a son and heir, also Sir John who is the Henry VI 1422-61 1470-71 13th Baron. 1430-31 Sir John accompanies King Henry to France. 1444 The Abbot of Hartland charges Sir John with breaking into his close and houses at Stoke St. Nectan, and taking his horses, sheep and cattle. 1455-1487 War of the Roses 1458 Sir John dies and is succeeded by another Sir John, the 14th Baron. 1459 Sir John is a Yorkist and assists the Earls of March, Warwick and Salisbury to escape from Devonshire to Guernsey and thence to Calais. 1460 Sir John leads an expedition which captures Sandwich in Kent and takes back Lord Rivers and his son prisoners. 1467-97 Sir John is summoned to Parliament as Baron Dynham. Edward IV 1461-70 1471-83 1475 Sir John is made a commander of an armed force at sea. Edward V 1483 1485 Sir John is made Lord Treasurer. Richard III 1483-5 © Copyright Manorial Counsel Limited 2014 Barony of Cardinham Date History of Lordship Monarchs 1501 Sir John dies with no male heir and the Barony of Cardinham is Henry VII 1485-1509 divided among the descendants of his five sisters. The barony is never brought back together again. 1534 The Act of Supremacy – Church of England Henry VIII 1509-47 Edward VI 1547-53 Mary I 1553-58 Elizabeth I 1558-1603 James I 1603-25 1642-1651 English Civil War Charles I 1625-49 Charles II 1660-85 James II 1685-88 William III 1688-1702 Anne 1702-14 George I 1714/27 1750-1850 Industrial Revolution George II 1727/60 George III 1760-1820 George IV 1820-30 William IV 1830-7 Victoria 1837-1901 Edward VII 1901-10 George V 1910-36 Edward VIII 1936 George VI 1936-52 2019 The title appears not to have been used for 518 years. Elizabeth II 1952- © Copyright Manorial Counsel Limited 2014 .