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Chemillen, Pasco-Perú UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS E. A. P. DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Diversidad de la familia Orchidaceae, en el sector quebrada Yanachaga del Parque Nacional Yanachaga- Chemillen, Pasco-Perú TESIS para optar el Título Profesional de Biólogo con mención en Botánica AUTOR Edwin Becerra Gonzales Lima-Perú 2007 A mis padres Rosa y Rafael con entera gratitud y amor A mis hermanos Geiser, Wili y Cynthia por su cariño y ayuda y a mi familia por brindarme siempre su apoyo. ii AGRADECIMIENTOS Al fondo Christensen por el auspicio a través del Jardín Botánico de Missouri, para la realización de la presente tesis. Asimismo al Ing. Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, curador del Missouri Botanical Garden y Director del Programa de Investigación en el Perú y a la Blga. Rocío Rojas Gonzales, por sus invalorables consejos y permanente asistencia, en la ejecución del presente trabajo. A la Mg. Joaquina Alban Castillo, Jefe del Herbario de San Marcos del Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, por su asesoramiento y apoyo en la elaboración de la tesis. Al Mg. César Córdova Castañeda y la Mg. Esther Cox Ramos, revisores de mi tesis, por sus sugerencias y consejos en la elaboración del Proyecto de Tesis. Al PhD. Robert Dressler del Missouri Botanical Garden, al Dr. Henry Oakeley del Royal Horticultural Society y a Stig Dalstrom del Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, por la confirmación e identificación de las especies. Al Blgo. Abel Monteagudo por su constante e invalorable apoyo. A Damian Catchpole del School of Geography & Enviromental Studies-University of Tasmania., por la bibliografía, traducciones y sugerencias. A los compañeros de tesis: Franco Mellado Nolis, Carlos Arias Chávez, Edgardo Ortiz Valencia, Edgar Blásido Borja, Caissa Revilla Minaya y Samuel Vilca Castellanos por su apoyo, recomendaciones y agradable compañía en el periodo de elaboración de la tesis. A Erica Fernández Jiménez, Antonio Peña Cruz, José Mateo Miguel, Marilyn Chávez Chota, Rolando Francis, César Rojas y Yeni Bernardo Echevarria, por su invalorable y desinteresado apoyo en todo momento. A los pobladores de la Quebrada Yanachaga en Huancabamba por las facilidades para la instalación de nuestros campamentos en los viajes de expedición. iii TABLA DE CONTENIDO 1. INTRODUCCIÌN............................................................................................................... 1 2. ANTECEDENTES 5.1. Filogenia de las Orquídeas........................................................................................... 3 5.2. Colecciones Botánicas en el Perú ................................................................................ 3 5.3. Descripción Taxonómica de la Familia Orchidaceae .................................................. 4 3. ZONA DE ESTUDIO 6.1. Ubicación ..................................................................................................................... 5 6.2. Vías de acceso y comunicación ................................................................................... 5 6.3. Relieve ......................................................................................................................... 5 6.4. Situación ecogeográfica ............................................................................................... 7 6.5. Clima............................................................................................................................ 7 6.6. Vegetación ................................................................................................................... 9 4. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS 7.1. Materiales................................................................................................................... 10 7.2. Metodología ............................................................................................................... 10 5. RESULTADOS 8.1. Diversidad .................................................................................................................. 14 8.2. Especies registradas ................................................................................................... 15 8.3. Diversidad genérica.................................................................................................... 19 8.4. Diversidad a través del tiempo en el departamento de Pasco .................................... 20 8.5. Los géneros, especies y morfoespecies de orquídeas de Quebrada Yanachaga-PNYCH arbosella Schltr. ........................................................................................................ 22 Brachionididium Lindl ............................................................................................... 23 Cranichis Sw. .............................................................................................................. 25 Crossoglossa Dressler & Dodson................................................................................ 27 Cryptocentrum Benth. & J. D. Hook ......................................................................... 27 Cyclopogon C. Presl.................................................................................................... 28 Cyrtidiorchis Rauschert.............................................................................................. 29 Cyrtochilum Kunth ..................................................................................................... 30 Dichaea Lindl. ............................................................................................................. 33 vi Draconanthes (Luer) Luer .......................................................................................... 34 Elleanthus C. Presl...................................................................................................... 35 Encyclia Hook ............................................................................................................. 39 Epidendrum L............................................................................................................. 40 Fernandezia Ruiz & Pav............................................................................................. 49 Habenaria Willd.......................................................................................................... 50 Ida A. Ryan & Oakeley ............................................................................................... 52 Lepanthes Sw.............................................................................................................. 53 Lepanthopsis (Cogn) Ames ........................................................................................ 57 Liparis Rich................................................................................................................. 58 Macroclinium Barb. Rodr........................................................................................... 59 Malaxis Sol. ex Sw. ..................................................................................................... 60 Masdevallia Ruiz & Pav.............................................................................................. 62 Maxillaria Ruiz & Pav. ............................................................................................... 63 Myoxanthus Poepp. & Endl........................................................................................ 72 Odontoglossum Kunth ................................................................................................ 73 Oncidium Sw............................................................................................................... 74 Otoglossum (Schltr.) Garay & Dunst.......................................................................... 75 Pachyphyllum Kunth .................................................................................................. 77 Phragmipedium (Pfitz.) Rolfe.................................................................................... 78 Platystele Schltr........................................................................................................... 79 Pleurothallis R. Br. ..................................................................................................... 80 Polystachya Hook........................................................................................................ 90 Ponthieva R. Br. .......................................................................................................... 92 Prosthechea Knowles & Westc................................................................................... 92 Rusbyella Rolfe ex Rusby ........................................................................................... 94 Scaphyglottis Poepp. & Endl. ..................................................................................... 95 Scelochilus Klotzsch.................................................................................................... 97 Schlimia Planch. & Lind. ............................................................................................ 98 Stelis Sw....................................................................................................................... 98 Telipogon Kunth........................................................................................................ 107 Trichoceros Kunth .................................................................................................... 108 Trichopilia Lindl. .....................................................................................................
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