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L'édition Des Témoignages De Membres Des Brigades Rouges 2 Samantha WHARMBY L’édition des témoignages de membres des Brigades Rouges : Manifestations du passé et vecteurs de mémoire. Livret des annexes « Vorrei vedere con i miei piccoli occhi mortali come ci si vedrà dopo… » M A S T E R 1 Homme, Sociétés, Technologies Mention : Histoire et Histoire de l’art Spécialité : Histoire des relations et des échanges culturels internationaux Parcours MIFI La France et l’Italie : formes, cultures et relations dans l’espace européen. Sous la direction de Mme M.-A. MATARD BONUCCI Session de Juin Année universitaire 2006/2007 TABLE DES ANNEXES ANNEXE 1 : LES ORGANISATIONS D’EXTREME GAUCHE ITALIENNES. .................. 4 ANNEXE 2 : CHRONOLOGIE 1969-2006. ............................................................................. 6 ANNEXE 3 : TYPOLOGIE DES EX-BRIGADISTES/TEMOINS. ....................................... 25 ANNEXE 4 : TYPOLOGIE DES RECOLTEURS DE MEMOIRE. ...................................... 29 ANNEXE 5 : “RENATO CURCIO. IO, GUERRIGLIERO”, ENTRETIEN DE LINA COLETTI, 1990 ....................................................................................................................... 32 ANNEXE 6 : LETTRE DE DISSOCIATION D’ALBERTO FRANCESCHINI, 21 FÉVRIER 1987. ......................................................................................................................................... 36 ANNEXE 7 : “NOI LOTTIAMO PER LA ROTTURA STORICA”, ENTRETIEN DE RENATO CURCIO PAR MARIO SCIALOJA, 15 JANVIER 1975. ..................................... 37 ANNEXE 8 : ENTRETIEN DE RENATO CURCIO PAR LE COLLECTIF REVOLUTIONNAIRE DE LA PRISON DE PALMI, JANVIER 1983. ................................ 39 ANNEXE 9 : LE TEMOIGNAGE COMME OBJET EDITORIAL ....................................... 50 ANNEXE 10 : LES PUBLICATIONS DES EX-BRIGADISTES. ......................................... 58 ANNEXE 11 : TEMOIGNAGE D’ANNA LAURA BRAGHETTI A GIAN ANTONIO STELLA ................................................................................................................................... 60 ANNEXE 12 : CORRESPONDANCE ELECTRONIQUE AVEC PINO CASAMASSIMA 64 ANNEXE 13 : ORGANISATION STRUCTURELLE DES BRIGADES ROUGES. ............ 66 ANNEXE 14 : SCHÉMA DES DIVISIONS DES BRIGADES ROUGES. ............................ 67 ANNEXE 15 : GRILLE D’ANALYSE DE LA SOURCE N°1 .............................................. 68 ANNEXE 16 : GRILLE D’ANALYSE DE LA SOURCE N°2. ............................................. 73 ANNEXE 17 : GRILLE D’ANALYSE DE LA SOURCE N°3 .............................................. 78 ANNEXE 18 : GRILLE D’ANALYSE DE LA SOURCE N°4 .............................................. 83 ANNEXE 19 : GRILLE D’ANALYSE DE LA SOURCE N°5 .............................................. 88 ANNEXE 20 : GRILLE D’ANALYSE DE LA SOURCE N°6 .............................................. 93 ANNEXE 21 : GRILLE D’ANALYSE DE LA SOURCE N°7 .............................................. 98 ANNEXE 22 : GRILLE D’ANALYSE DE LA SOURCE N°8 ............................................ 103 ANNEXE 23 : GRILLE D’ANALYSE DE LA SOURCE N°9 ............................................ 108 ANNEXE 24 : GRILLE D’ANALYSE DE LA SOURCE N°10 .......................................... 113 ANNEXE 25 : GRILLE D’ANALYSE DE LA SOURCE N°11 .......................................... 117 ANNEXE 26 : GRILLE D’ANALYSE DE LA SOURCE N°12 .......................................... 122 ANNEXE 27 : GRILLE D’ANALYSE DE LA SOURCE N°13 .......................................... 127 ANNEXE 28 : ENTRETIEN DE PAOLA TAVELLA PAR RENATO VENTURELLI LA REPUBBLICA, 16 SEPTEMBRE 2003 ................................................................................. 133 2 ANNEXE 29 : TELESE, L., « L’EFFETTO BELLOCCHIO SULLE LIBRERIE : TORNANO BRAGHETTI, FARANDA & CO. », IL GIORNALE, 25.09.2003, P. 32 ......... 134 ANNEXE 30 : « IL SEGNALIBRO », IL MESSAGGERO, 09.10.2003, P.27 .................... 135 ANNEXE 31 : ENTRETIEN DE MARIO SCIALOJA PAR G. MASTROMATTEO, 7 JUIN 2004 ........................................................................................................................................ 136 ANNEXE 32 : COLOMBO, A., « LA MEMORIA CORTA DEGLI ANNI SETTANTA”, IL MANIFESTO, 14.06.2006, P. 13 ............................................................................................ 143 ANNEXE 33 : FUSANI, C., “GLI EX BRIGATISTI IN TELEVISIONE. SOLO TESTIMONI, MAI PROTAGONISTI”, LA REPUBBLICA, 13.03.2007 ............................. 145 ANNEXE 34 : LA PRODUCTION CULTURELLE LIEE AUX BRIGADES ROUGES. .. 147 ANNEXE 35 : BORSATTI, C., “BELLOCCHIO: IL LATO UMANO DEGLI ANNI DI PIOMBO”, IL PICCOLO, 05.09.2003 ................................................................................... 149 ANNEXE 36 : ENTRETIEN DE MIMMO CALOPRESTI, L’HUMANITÉ, 16 NOVEMBRE 1995 ........................................................................................................................................ 150 3 ANNEXE 1 : LES ORGANISATIONS D’EXTREME GAUCHE ITALIENNES. BRIGADES ROUGES Créées en 1970 par Renato Curcio, Margherita Cagol et Alberto Franceschini. Influencées à l’origine par les GAP de Feltrinelli, elles frappent dans le début des années soixante-dix les groupes néofascistes et le patronat avant de se concentrer, avec leur nouveau dirigeant Mario Moretti, sur le « cœur de l’Etat ». Groupe armé le plus important, elles bénéficient régulièrement de l’apport de militants d’autres organisations clandestines, en particulier des GAP (Gruppi di Aziona Partigiana) en 1972 et des NAP (Nuclei Armati Proletari) en 1976. Les BR seront très touchées par la répression à partir de 1980, mais leur échec s’explique aussi par une crise interne qui se développe à compter de la même période et entraîne des scissions successives. POTERE OPERAIO Ce groupe naît durant l’automne 1969 de la confluence des opéraïstes de Vénétie et d’Emilie, d’une partie du mouvement étudiant romain et de militants milanais et turinois. Parmi ses dirigeants : Oreste Scalzone, Franco Piperno, Toni Negri, etc. Ses thèmes privilégiés : le refus du travail, la construction d’un parti de l’insurrection et la conflictualité permanente. Le « travail illégal », branche armée du groupe, est amorcé à l’été 1971. En mai 1973, il s’autodissout avec la scission entre romains et padouans. LOTTA CONTINUA Groupe crée en novembre 1969 à l’initiative de Potere Operaio de Pise (Adriano Sofri), d’une partie du mouvement étudiant turinois (Guido Viale et Luigi Bobbio) et de Trente (Mauro Rostagno, Marco Boato), du Pouvoir Prolétarien de Pavie essentiellement. Il est caractérisé par trois périodes : - Ligne « Reprenons les villes » (juillet 1971) : luttes pour le logement, insertion territoriale, conflictualité tous azimuts. - Phase militariste (Congrès de Rimini, printemps 1972) : développement de la thématique antifasciste et de l’autodéfense. - Ligne « LC, force politique » à partir d’octobre 1972 : structuration partisane de l’organisation, rapprochement avec le PCI et participation électorale. Il s’autodissout au deuxième Congrès national à Rimini, en novembre 1976. Le journal Lotta Continua continue de paraïtre jusqu’en 1982. 20 000 à 30 000 adhérents estimés au début des années soixante-dix. AUTONOMIA OPERAIA Origines : mai 1973, avec une coordination d’organismes autonomes de travailleurs (Alfa Romeo, Pirelli, Sit-Siemens, Fiat, etc.), qui publie le « Bulletin des organismes autonomes ouvriers ». Trois groupes principaux : - A la suite d’une scission au sein de Il Manifesto (1971-1972), l’aile extrémiste fonde le Collectif de la Via dei Volsci. Ils créent un journal : I Volsci, et ont une radio à Rome, « Radio Onda Rossa ». - Toni Negri, exclu de Potere Operaio Nazionale en juin 1973, crée avec les padouans le journal Rosso. Les places fortes de ce groupe sont Milan et Padoue. - Des anciens militants de Potere Operaio de Bologne (Franco Berardi par exemple) constituent le troisième agrégat, nettement culturel, avec la radio « Radio Alice » et la revue Altraverso. PRIMA LINEA Deuxième groupe armé, né en 1976 à l’initiative de militants en rupture de LC sur des positions militaristes (« la corrente » en 1974 et « Senza Tregua » en 1975). S’il aspire à acquérir le potentiel militaire des Brigades Rouges, il s’en distingue tant par la stratégie (contribuer à la décomposition de l’Etat) que par l’organisation, refusant la clandestinité totale au profit de la « semi-clandestinité » plus apte, selon lui, à éviter la militarisation et à garder le contact avec le « Mouvement ». Toutefois, les multiples arrestations de 1977-1978 le conduiront à renforcer les règles de clandestinité. 5 ANNEXE 2 : CHRONOLOGIE 1969-2006. Evénementiel du terrorisme. Réactions de l’Etat/Politique Production culturelle en rapport intérieure. avec le terrorisme des Brigades Rouges. 1969 Avril-Mai : Apparition du premier groupe armé Contrat national des métallurgistes. clandestin : les Groupes d’Action Partisane (GAP) Dans les usines de la ceinture milanaise (Pirelli, Magneti Marelli, Sit-Siemens, Alfa Romeo) naissent les CUB, collectifs unitaires de base, et les Assemblées Autonomes, qui organisent la lutte ouvrière. En périphérie milanaise, les Collectifs Autonomes se consacrent aux luttes sociales. Septembre : À Milan apparaît le Collectif Politique Métropolitain (CPM), lieu de rencontre entre les organisations étudiantes et ouvrières, plateforme capable de mettre ensemble des réalités et des luttes communes. 22 octobre : Création du groupe XXII Ottobre, guidé par Mario Rossi 1° novembre : Premier numéro de Lotta Continua, un
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