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La Difusió D ADVERTIMENT . La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX ( www.tesisenxarxa.net ) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX. No s’autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA . La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR ( www.tesisenred.net ) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. En la utilización o cita de partes de la tesis es obligado indicar el nombre de la persona autora. WARNING . On having consulted this thesis you’re accepting the following use conditions: Spreading this thesis by the TDX ( www.tesisenxarxa.net ) service has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized neither its spreading and availability from a site foreign to the TDX service. Introducing its content in a window or frame foreign to the TDX service is not authorized (framing). This rights affect to the presentation summary of the thesis as well as to its contents. In the using or citation of parts of the thesis it’s obliged to indicate the name of the author . Structural Behaviour and Design Criteria of Spatial Arch Bridges. Spatial Arch Bridges Arch Spatial Annexes Volume 2 of 2 Structural Behaviour and Design Criteria of of Criteria Design and Behaviour Structural tesis doctoral realizada por: Marta Sarmiento-Comesías Comesías - DOCTORAL Marta Sarmiento Marta dirigida por: Ángel C. Aparicio Bengoechea TESIS tesis doctoral realizada por por realizada doctoral tesis Ana Mª Ruiz Terán Barcelona, Septiembre 2015 Septiembre 2015 Septiembre Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Departament d´Enginyeria de la Construcció CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. OBJECTIVES 13 III. STATE-OF-THE-ART 19 A) STATE-OF-THE-ART OF SPATIAL ARCH BRIDGES 21 B) STATE-OF-THE-ART OF THE ANALYSIS METHODS AND BENCHMARKS 49 IV. ELASTIC STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF INFERIOR DECK SPATIAL ARCH BRIDGES WITH IMPOSED CURVATURE 67 V. SPATIAL ARCH BRIDGES WITH A SUPERIOR DECK 109 A) GEOMETRY AND BEARING CONDITIONS STUDY OF SPATIAL ARCH BRIDGES WITH A SUPERIOR DECK 111 B) PARAMETRICAL STUDY OF SPATIAL ARCH BRIDGES WITH A CURVED SUPERIOR DECK AND A PLANAR VERTICAL ARCH 131 VI. STABILITY ANALYSES OF SPATIAL ARCH BRIDGES WITH A CURVED DECK 259 A) BASIS OF STABILITY ANALYSES FOR ARCH BRIDGES 261 B) BUCKLING ANALYSES OF SPATIAL ARCH BRIDGES WITH A CURVED DECK 279 C) GEOMETRICALLY NON-LINEAR ANALYSES OF SPATIAL ARCH BRIDGES WITH A CURVED SUPERIOR DECK AND A PLANAR VERTICAL ARCH 333 VII. DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL ARCH BRIDGES WITH A CURVED SUPERIOR DECK AND A PLANAR VERTICAL ARCH 355 VIII. CONCLUSIONS 395 IX. DESIGN CRITERIA RECOMMENDATIONS 411 X. FUTURE LINES OF STUDY 415 REFERENCES 423 VOLUME 2 ANNEXES N1. ANNEX RELATIVE TO III. A: DESIGNED EXAMPLES OF SABs N2. ANNEXES RELATIVE TO IV: N2.1. ARCH/STRUTS AND DECK/STRUTS JOINT STUDY N2.2. SIMPLIFIED MODEL OF A PINNED HANGER WITH SPRINGS MODELLING THE STIFFNESS OF THE ARCH N3. ANNEX RELATIVE TO V. A: FIGURES OF THE STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF THE GEOMETRY AND BEARING CONDITIONS STUDY OF SPATIAL ARCH BRIDGES WITH A SUPERIOR DECK N1. ANNEX RELATIVE TO III. A DESIGNED EXAMPLES OF SPATIAL ARCH BRIDGES INDEX 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1 2. EXAMPLES OF SPATIAL ARCH RIBS ................................................................... 2 3. EXAMPLES OF SPATIAL SHELL ARCHES......................................................... 62 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 71 1. INTRODUCTION This annex includes most of the Spatial Arch Bridges (SABs) which have been designed until the present date (July 2015), considering from tender designs for competitions which did not reach the construction project stage to built examples. More than a 100 spatial arches have been design up to the present date. Not only bridges are included in this annex. Some arch studies and roofs conformed or supported by spatial arches are considered. They are also included since they have a similar structural behavior regarding the spatial arch definition given in this thesis (Chapter III), although the loads instead of coming from the deck come eg. from a roof, which will differ in the fact that live loads are not as important. However, the structural behavior under a uniformly distributed loading is equivalent. The SABs definition is reminded in the following lines. • SABs are defined as bridges in which vertical deck loads produce bending moments and shear forces not contained in the arch plane due to their geometrical and structural configuration. Moreover, the arch itself may not be contained in a plane. • Under the global concept of “spatial arch bridges” we understand both, bridges supported by arch ribs and by shells. • The previously given definition applies to SABs employing arch ribs. The examples are given in table format, including: • the name of the bridge, • the authors, • the year of construction, if it is built, and of design, if it is not, • its location, • its function, ie its use, • nn image and • references where information of the bridge can be found The examples are separated into two tables according to the SABs classification in Chapter III. A into two main types: • Spatial arch ribs: arches in which the cross-section of the arch has a width/span and depth/span ratios low enough for the arch to be accurately analysed with frame elements with 6 degrees of freedom per node • Shell arches: arches in which the cross-section of the arch has a width/depth and width/span ratios large enough for requiring an analysis with shell elements. The arch is a roof-like structure. 1 2. EXAMPLES OF SPATIAL ARCH RIBS NAME YEAR AUTHOR LOCATION FUNCTION IMAGE AND ARTICLE REFERENCES Valencia, Spain Alameda Bridge Road and 1991-95 Santiago Calatrava (La Peineta Bridge) Crosses : Turia footbridge river P. Jodidio, 2003; structurae 2 NAME YEAR AUTHOR LOCATION FUNCTION IMAGE AND ARTICLE REFERENCES Arch bridge Rajhrad, Czech crossing the Brno- Republic Vienna Expressway 1997 Strasky, Husty and Partners Crosses: Brno- Road bridge (Arch bridge across Vienna high-speed road highway R52 R52 near Bratcic) J. Strasky and I. Husty, 1997; J. Strasky, 1999; Strasky, 2000; Strasky, 2005; Strasky, Husty and Partners, Ltd/Projects Abu Dhabi, Arch Bridge in Abu Christian Menn United Arab Dhabi Emirates E. Brühwiler, 2009 3 NAME YEAR AUTHOR LOCATION FUNCTION IMAGE AND ARTICLE REFERENCES Basauri, Spain 2008 Arenas &Asociados Road Bridge Artunduaga Bridge Crosses : Nervión River J. J. Arenas de Pablo et al, 2011 (2) Habkern, Switzerland Bohlbach creek 1932 Robert Maillart Road bridge bridge Crosses: Bohlbach Creek D. P. Billington, 1979, p60; D. P. Billington, 1997, pp154- 155; M.Laffranchi and P.Marti, 1997; structurae 4 NAME YEAR AUTHOR LOCATION FUNCTION IMAGE AND ARTICLE REFERENCES Padua. Connects : Via Vittorio Bridge across the Enzo Siviero Veneto and Cycle- Bacchiglione at Via Isonzo pedestrian Padua Lorenzo Attolico Brisge Crosses: Bacchiglione River E. Siviero and L. Attolico, 2010 5 NAME YEAR AUTHOR LOCATION FUNCTION IMAGE AND ARTICLE REFERENCES connecting the Bridge across the 2012 Strasky, Husty and Partners Czech and Olse River Polish Tesin Strasky, Husty and Partners, Ltd/Projects 6 NAME YEAR AUTHOR LOCATION FUNCTION IMAGE AND ARTICLE REFERENCES Most - Lu ční Jez, Ceske Budejovice (Budweis), Bridge across the Pedestrian 2006 Strasky, Husty and Partners Czech Vltava River bridge Republeic Crosses: Vltava river J. Strasky, 2005; Strasky, Husty and Partners, Ltd/Projects Bilbao, Vasqueland, Spain Bridge over Javier Manterola from Carlos Road and Galindo river Fernández Casado Crosses : footbridge Galindo river Mouth into Nervion river J. Manterola et al, 2005 and 2011; Bilbao en construcción, 2007 7 NAME YEAR AUTHOR LOCATION FUNCTION IMAGE AND ARTICLE REFERENCES Project Figline, Italy Bridge over the 2012 BF Ingenieria and ACS ingegneri Pedestrian Arno river (Prato) Crosses : River bridge Not built Arno https://fckestructural.wordpress.com/2012/06/20/ bienvenidos-al-nuevo-blod-de-fck-consultoria-estructural/ http://www.bfingegneria.altervista.org/ 8 NAME YEAR AUTHOR LOCATION FUNCTION IMAGE AND ARTICLE REFERENCES Bridge over the Breda-Noord, Road and Zwarts & Jansma Architects Markkanaal Netherlands
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