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Estec Tecnologia REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE112 (2): 439-455; juin 2005 Trojanella serbica gen. n., sp. n., a remarkable new troglobitic travunioid (Opiliones, Laniatores, Travunioidea) Ivo M. KARAMAN Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Trg D. ObradoviCa 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro. E-mail: [email protected] .ac.yu Trojanella serbica gen. n., sp. n., a remarkable new troglobitic travuni- oid (Opiliones, Laniatores, Travunioidea). - A new species of travunioid from Serbia, Mt. Stara Planina, is described and a new genus is established. The new species exhibits some characters and combination of characters not known from any other species. It cannot be placed at this time in any of the described families of the superfamily Travunioidea. Some unknown details of male morphology in Abasola hofferi (Travuniidae) are presented. Keywords: Travunioidea - Mt. Stara Planina - troglobite - Travuniidae - Abasola hofferi - penis structure. INTRODUCTION Thanks to intensive biospeleological research done by the Belgrade Institute for Protection of Nature team under Dragan PaviceviC's leadership, an unusual new species of troglobitic opilionid has been discovered. Specimens of the new species were found in a pothole in Mt. Stara Planina in south-east Serbia, near the Bulgarian border. The specimens were collected from the 60 m deep pothole, between stones of the breakdown covering its bottom. The new species belongs to the suborder Laniatores and the superfamily Travunioidea which is widespread in temperate zones of both hemispheres. In the southern hemisphere this superfamily has a typical Gondwanan distribution; whereas in the northern hemisphere it is represented by a small number of genera and species found locally in some parts of Europe, North America, Japan, and Korea. In all areas, representatives of this superfamily mostly occur as rare relict elements, often as troglo- bionts, which indicates the great age of the group. Characteristics of the new species and the combination of characteristics make the species unique in the group. So it was not difficult to establish that it belongs to a new genus. On the basis of the criteria of significance of certain characters and of the current classification of the Travunioidea into families and subfamilies, the position of this new genus is rather disputable. By its sternum structure, form of spiracle and the type of claws structure, this genus seems closely related to the family Triaenonychidae, which representatives are predominantly distributed in the southern hemisphere (in the Manuscript accepted 0 1.12.2004 440 I. M. KARAMAN northern hemisphere, given the current composition, this family is represented by 12 genera and 23 species in North America, Japan and Korea). On the other hand by the ovipositor morphology and midgut anatomy this new genus is closely related to the north hemispheric families Cladonychidae and Travuniidae. Systematic of the superfamily Travunioidea is somewhat confusing with five families and eight subfamilies, in some cases uncritically erected. A comprehensive revision of the whole superfamily Travunioidea is needed. Recent confusing syste- matic of the superfamily, the extremely specific penis structure and combination of relevant characters of Trojanella serbica gen. sp. n., made me decide to put it in Travunioidea incertae sedis. Male specimens of Abasola hofferi Silhavy, 1936 (family Travun~idae)were first collected in the cave Pokljuka Gornja (type locality) in Montenegro (Silhavy, 1936). The material was used for'comparison and for learning more about the morpho- logy of this little known species. Details of penis structure in A. hofferi question the validity of the current composition of the Travuniidae. RESULTS TRAVUNIOIDEAincertae sedis Trojanella gen. n. The genus of small long legged Travunioidea is defined by morphological characters of the genitalia. Penis with elongated truncus and movable articulated, flattened, bifurcate glans. Truncus of the penis terminally widened; musculature settled in the terminally widened part of the truncus and in the glans. Glans wide and flattened, terminally bifurcated, laterally with 2 strong teeth-like protrusions. Ovipositor with 4 lobes terminally; dorsal and ventral one as well as the ovipositor body covered with sparce denticles; lateral lobes smooth, each bearing ventral and dorsal rows of few spines. Spiracle not concealed, semicircular in shape. Sternum narrow, basally widened with setae; subapically trapezoidally expanded. Claws I11 and IV with a pair of elongated, flattened branches parallel to widely flattened medial prong. Shape of these claws similar to peltonychium in Travuniidae. Juveniles with claws I11 and IV of peltonychium type. Type species. Trojanella serbica sp. n. Etymology: Trojan - in south Slavic mythology the demon or the god of night and darkness. According to legends, most often lives in ruins of towns and fortresses. The name is diminutive of femine gender. Trojanella serbica sp. n. Figs 1-4,5A, 6-7 Material examined: From an unnamed pothole, at the locality of Vladikina PloEa in the VisoEica River gorge, near the village of Rsovci, on Mt. Stara Planina, Serbia (Serbia & Montenegro), 900 m as1 (UTM - FN48), 2.10.2002. leg. 1.Karaman: 1 S holotype, 5 6 paratypes, 8 Q paratypes and 2 juv. (+l adult specimen used for molecular analyses); ibid., 30.05.2002, leg. S. OgnjenoviC: 2 juv.; ibid., 2.10.2002-2.06. 2003, from traps, leg. S. Ognjen- oviC: 3 8 paratypes and 3 Q paratypes. FIG. 1. Trojanella serbica gen. n., sp. n. (male paratype, 1.83 mm): Lateral view. Holotype 8 (1nv.No 1324), 7 8,10 ? paratypes and 4 juv. are deposited in the author's collection at the Department of B~ologyand Ecology - Novi Sad (Serbla & Montenegro), 1 $ and 1 ? paratypes In the Museum d'histolre naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland. DESCRIPTION Male: Blind troglobitic species. Male holotype 1.7 mm (male paratypes 1.58- 1.83 mm) long, measured from frontal edge of dorsal scutum. Body uniformly yellowish amber in colour. Dorsum densely granular with sparse rows of setae and pronounced lateral grooves in its median area (Figs 2A-B). Grooves starting with two lateral creases on both sides of carapacetregion on same level as ocular tubercle and above ozopores. Creases joined in a depression at posterior end of dorsal scutum. A pair of grooves anteriolateral, near and parallel to frontal edge of dorsal scutum. Conical ocular tubercle distant from anterior edge of dorsal scutum for almost twice its length. Coxal lobes I1 anteriomesally with strong conical apophyses (male secondary sexual character) ventrally directed (Fig. 2C), sparsely setose. Coxal lobes I11 anterio- mesally with a pair of small tubercles (on both sides of the sterna1 subapical expansion). Sternum as in Fig. 2C, basally widened, with two pairs of setae (short and long ones); sternum slightly trapezoidally expanded at level of junction between coxae I1 and 111. Chelicerae (Figs 3A-B). Basal segment gradually widened distally, dorsal surface terminally with two tubercles bearing setae, ventrally with few setae; second segment anteromesally with two spinelike tubercles bearing subapical setae, anteriorly with several tubercles bearing apical setae and with concentration of terminal setae. Pedipalps (Figs 3C-D) in a form of catching basket, armed with strong elongate spinelike tubercles, each bearing a strong elongate seta subapically; coxae ventrally with a low tubercle bearing small setae and a strong spinelike tubercle proximally; trochanter ventrally with 1 strong spinelike tubercle, dorsally with 1 tubercle bearing small setae; femur strong, ventrally with a row of 6 spinelike tubercles (proximal 3 stronger than others), medio-proximally with 2 spinelike tubercles, dorsally with 2 low spinelike tubercles; patella medially with 2 spinelike tubercles, laterally with 1 spine- like tubercle; tarsus with 4 strong spinelike tubercles on both sides (laterally and medially), terminally with 2 strong setae. Claw elongated. All articles bearing sparce hairs and setae, on dorsal sides usually placed on low tubercles. Sparce hairs on tarsal segment in longitudinal rows. Legs elongated, segments cylindrical; coxae ventrally with a row of tubercles bearing setae subapically; each femur basally with a false articulation (Fig. 7B). Calcanei I-IV elongated. Ratio 'of calcaneus/astragalus of metatarsi I-IV: 0.78/0.91/1.08/1.56. Tarsal formula: 1-1l; 11-24; 111-3; IV-3. Tarsal claws of first and second legs simple (Fig. 4A), first claw somewhat more sickle-shaped than second one; claws of third and fourth legs (Figs 4C-D) with lateral branches almost parallel to longer median prong, median prong and basal parts of branches dorso-ventrally flattened.. , Trojanella serbica gen. n., sp. n. (male paratype, 1.76 mm): A, ante- rior part of dorsal scutum, lateral view; B, dorsum, dorsal view; C, an- terior part of body, ventral view. T. serbica gen. n., sp. n. (female para- type, 1.68 mm): D, anterior part of body, ventral view. , --, chelicera, inner view; B, cheli- l cera, outer view: FIG. 4 Trojanella ser- bica gen. n., sp. n. (male para- type, 1.76 mm): A, claw I; B, claw In; C, claw IV, T. serbica gen. n., sp. n. ju- venile: D, claw IV. I. M. KARAMAN FIG.5 Trojanella serbica gen. n., sp. n. (holotype): A, penis, ventral view. Abasola hofferi (male, 1.23 mm): B, penis (contracted), lateral view.lA. hofferi (male, 1.43 mm): C, terminal part of penis, lateral view; D, penis terminal part, ventral view. Scale line: A, B = 500p; C, D = 100p. Measurements of legs (in mm): Leg I 0.31 2.16 0.5 1.93 1.82 2.38 9.1 Leg I1 0.36 3.44 0.7 3.22 3.19 4.9 15.81 Leg I11 0.42 2.58 0.56 1.96 2.66 2.24 10.42 Leg IV 0.39 3.22 0.56 2.4 3.16 3.22 12.95 TROJANELLA SERBICA 447 Penis (Fig. 5A; Figs 6A-D). ~Truncuselongated with wide basis, from the basal narrowing gradually widened toward the apex; musculature concentrated in distal part of truncus and in glans.
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