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Sõjateadlane 15/2020 | Laiapindne Riigikaitse Ja Olukorrateadlikkus

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Sõjateadlane 15/2020 | Laiapindne Riigikaitse Ja Olukorrateadlikkus SÕJATEADLANE Estonian Journal of Military Studies 15 / 2020 CULTURAL, PEACE AND CONFLICT STUDIES SERIES Volume I Religion and Politics in Multicultural Europe: Perspectives and Challenges Edited by Alar Kilp and Andres Saumets Volume II Extremism Within and Around Us Edited by Alar Kilp and Andres Saumets Volume III The Law of Armed Conflict: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives Edited by Rain Liivoja and Andres Saumets Volume IV Sõna sõjast ja sõda sõnast. Tekste ja tõlgendusi War of Words, Words of War. Texts and Interpretations Edited by Andres Saumets and Vladimir Sazonov Volume V Operatsioon „Iraagi vabadus“: kümme aastat hiljem Operation “Iraqi Freedom”: Ten Years Later Edited by Andres Saumets, Holger Mölder and René Värk Volume VI The Crisis in Ukraine and Information Operations of the Russian Federation Edited by Vladimir Sazonov, Andres Saumets and Holger Mölder Volume VII Kümme aastat Vene-Georgia 2008. aasta sõjast: peegeldusi hübriidsõjast ja Venemaa poliiti- listest ambitsioonidest Ten Years after the Russo-Georgian War of 2008: Reflections on Hybrid Warfare and Russia's Political Ambitions Edited by Karl Salum and Andres Saumets Volume VIII Zapad 2017 infosõja vaatepunktist Zapad 2017 from the Perspective of Information Warfare Edited by Andreas Ventsel, Vladimir Sazonov and Andres Saumets Volume IX Russia, Syria and the West: From the Aftermath of the Arab Spring in the Middle East to Radicalization and Immigration Issues in Europe Edited by Vladimir Sazonov, Illimar Ploom and Andres Saumets Volume X Laiapindne riigikaitse ja olukorrateadlikkus Comprehensive National Defence and Situational Awareness Edited by Kaide Tammel and Andres Saumets ESTONIAN MILITARY ACADEMY SÕJATEADLANE Estonian Journal of Military Studies CULTURAL, PEACE AND CONFLICT STUDIES SERIES SERIES EDITORS: ANDRES SAUMETS AND KARL SALUM VOLUME X: LAIAPINDNE RIIGIKAITSE JA OLUKORRATEADLIKKUS COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL DEFENCE AND SITUATIONAL AWARENESS EDITED BY KAIDE TAMMEL AND ANDRES SAUMETS SÕJATEADLANE 15 / 2020 SÕJATEADLANE ESTONIAN JOURNAL OF MILITARY STUDIES Peatoimetaja / Editor-in-chief: Andres Saumets (Estonia) Toimetuskolleegium / Editorial Board: Wilfried Gerhard (Germany) Claus Freiherr von Rosen (Germany) Ken Kalling (Estonia) Karl Salum (Estonia) Jörg Keller (Germany) Vladimir Sazonov (Estonia) Erik Männik (Estonia) Volker Stümke (Germany) Andreas Pawlas (Germany) René Värk (Estonia) Nele Rand (Estonia) Keeletoimetajad / Language Editors: Epp Leete (Estonia) Amy Christine Tserenkova (USA) Marju Randlane (Estonia) Elle Vatsar (Estonia) Termini- ja keelekonsultant / Language and Terminology Advisor: Reet Hendrikson (Estonia) Nõuandev kogu / International Advisory Committee: Enno Mõts (Committee Manager, Estonia) Tõnu Lehtsaar (Estonia) Raul Järviste (Estonia) Rain Liivoja (Australia) Hubert Annen (Switzerland) Gale A. Mattox (USA) Richard H. Clevenger (USA) Ago Pajur (Estonia) Angelika Dörfler-Dierken (Germany) Robert Rollinger (Austria) Sharon M. Freeman-Clevenger (USA) Michael N. Schmitt (USA) Martin Herem (Estonia) Martti Turtola (Finland) Thomas R. Kämmerer (Germany) Zdzislaw Śliwa (Poland) Jakob Kübarsepp (Estonia) Ants Laaneots (Estonia) Sõjateadlane (Estonian Journal of Military Studies) on Kaitseväe Akadeemias väljaantav, eelretsen­ seeritav ja rahvusvahelise toimetuskolleegiumiga sõjateaduslik ajakiri. Sõjateadlane (Estonian Journal of Military Studies), the journal of the Estonian Military Academy (EMA) is a peer-reviewed military journal with an international board of editors and open to inter­national contributors. Väljaandja ja autoriõigus / Publisher and Copyright: Kaitseväe Akadeemia, 2020 Toimetuse kontakt / Editorial Contact: Riia 12, 51010 Tartu, Estonia Tel: +372 717 6421 E-mail: [email protected] Ajakirja koduleht / Homepage of the Journal: https://www.kvak.ee/sojateadlane/ Kaastööd/Submissions: [email protected] Kirjastus / Publishing House: Eesti Ülikoolide Kirjastus, www.eyk.ee ISSN 2461-4378 (print) ISSN 2461-4386 (online) SISUKORD SAATESÕNA................................................................................................... 7 Kaide Tammel, Andres Saumets ÜHTSEST RIIGIKAITSEST TOTAALKAITSE KAUDU ­ RIIGIKAITSE LAIA KÄSITUSENI: EESTI RIIGIKAITSE MÄÄRATLEMISEST KÕRGEMA TASANDI STRATEEGIA­ DOKUMENTIDES......................................................................................... 11 Ivo Juurvee ÜHTSE MÕISTMISE JA TERMINIKASUTUSE VÕIMALIKKUSEST LAIAPINDSES RIIGIKAITSES.................................................................... 31 Reet Hendrikson KRIIS, OHT JA RISK...................................................................................... 87 Aarne Ermus, Jaan Murumets ÕPIKOGEMUSE ROLL TSIVIIL- JA KAITSEVALDKONNA KOOSTÖÖS NING INFOVAHETUSES..................................................... 113 Erkki Koort MANTICUS APOLLO PROJEKTI SÕJAMÄNG JA SELLE TULEMUSED..................................................................................... 147 Veiko Dieves OLUKORRATEADLIKU KÄITUMISE MATKIMINE OTSUSTUSTOES............................................................................................ 177 Merik Meriste, Kalev Rannat, Leo Mõtus, Mare Teichmann, Tõnis Kelder, Jüri Helekivi ELUTÄHTSATE TEENUSTE RISTSÕLTUVUSTE ANALÜÜS............ 207 Peeter Laud, Hayretdin Bahşi, Aleksandr Lenin, Kalev Mändmaa, Jaan Priisalu, Reedik Tuuling SÜSTEEMIDE SÜSTEEMI OLUKORRA HINDAMISEST SELLE ­KOMPONENTIDE VÕIMEMUDELITE ABIL......................................... 238 Leo Mõtus, Mare Teichmann, Merik Meriste, Kalev Rannat, Jaan Priisalu, Jaanus Kaugerand 6 sisukord ORGANISATSIOONIARHITEKTUUR JA VÕIMEPÕHINE ­PLANEERIMINE – TÕHUSA RIIGI TÖÖRIISTAD............................... 261 Ivo Peets SUMMARIES................................................................................................... 311 AUTORID......................................................................................................... 324 CONTRIBUTORS........................................................................................... 333 SAATESÕNA Kaide Tammel, Andres Saumets Head lugejad! Teie käes olev artiklikogumik on ajendatud aja­vahemikul 01.09.2018–31.10.2020 ellu viidud uurimisprojektist, mille keskmes on tervik­liku olukorrateadlikkuse võime loomine laiapindseks riigikaitseks1. Projekt kuulub RITA-programmi2 ning algatati Kaitseministeeriumi, Riigi­ kantselei ja Siseministeeriumi tellimusel. Projekti täitjaks valiti konsortsium, kuhu kuulusid Cybernetica AS, Tartu Ülikool, Tallinna Tehnikaülikool ja ­Kaitseväe Akadeemia. Nagu selliste rakendusteaduslike uurimis­projektide puhul tavaks, koostas konsortsium SA Eesti Teadusagentuuri esitatud pakkumis­kutsele vastamiseks uuringuettepaneku, mis sai nimeks Manticus Apollo. Manticus Apollo projekti täideti tihedas koostöös tellijaga ning selle eri etappidesse kaasati laiapindse riigikaitse valdkonnas tegutsevaid eksperte. Kuna tegemist oli RITA-programmi esimesse vooru kuuluva projektiga, ­pakkus selle elluviimine ohtralt õpikohti nii tellijale kui ka projekti täit­jatele. Tunnustada tuleb kõigi projektis osalenute – eksperdid, intervjueeritavad, sõjamängu korraldajad ja selles osalejad – pühendumist ja abivalmidust. See annab julgust loota, et tavapärasest keerukamad teadusprojektid, mis ­hõlmavad eri valdkondade praktikuid ja teadusdistsipliine, on võima­likud ka tulevikus. Siinsesse erinumbrisse valitud teemad koorusid välja Manticus Apollo projektist ning need võiksid huvi pakkuda kõigile riigikaitsest huvitatuile, kuid eelkõige teadlastele, ekspertidele ja õppuritele. Artiklite eesmärk on jagada projekti käigus saadud uusi teadmisi ja vaatenurki ning toetada aka­ deemilist debatti. Nii nagu Manticus Apollo projektis, on ka kogumikus esindatud autorid väga erinevatest teadusdistsipliinidest. Loodame, et lugeja jaoks on autorite pakutud erinev vaade laiapindsele riigikaitsele ja olukorra­ teadlikkusele põnev ning mõtteid ja edasist uurimist ärgitav. 1 Manticus Apollo (01.09.2018−31.10.2020). RITA 1/01-50. Projekti teostajad Cybernetica AS, Tallinna Tehnikaülikool, Tartu Ülikool, Kaitseväe Akadeemia. 2 RITA (tuletatud sõnadest riigi ja teadusarendus) on Euroopa Regionaalarengu Fondi kaudu toetatav programm, mille eesmärk on suurendada riigi rolli teaduse strateegilisel suunamisel ning teadus- ja arendusasutuste võimet ühiskondlikult oluliste uuringute tegemisel. Programmi kaudu rahastab SA Eesti Teadusagentuur Eesti riigi vajadustest lähtuvaid sotsiaal-majandusliku eesmärgiga rakendusuuringuid. Sõjateadlane (Estonian Journal of Military Studies), Volume 15, 2020, pp. 7–9. https://www.kvak.ee/sojateadlane/ 8 Kaide Tammel, Andres Saumets Kogumiku esimeses artiklis avab doktor Ivo Juurvee Eesti riigikaitse laia käsituseni jõudmise tagamaid. Kui rootslased kõnelevad oma süsteemi silmas pidades totaalkaitsest (ingl total defence) ja soomlased avarast julgeolekust (ingl comprehensive security)3, siis Ivo Juurvee artiklist selgub, et Eestis on aastate jooksul sarnase sisu tähistamiseks kasutatud erinevaid sõnakujusid, mille valik ei ole olnud süsteemne. Ivo Juurvee alustatud teema jätkuks analüüsib Manticus Apollo projekti terminoloog doktor Reet Hendrikson laiapindse riigikaitse terminoloogiaga seonduvat. Autor toob rohkelt näiteid Manticus Apollo projekti käigus esile kerkinud probleemkohtadest ning pakub lahendusi. Kuna laiapindne riigi­ kaitse eeldab eri valdkondade koostööd ning suutlikkust kiirelt olukorda hinnata ja reageerida, tuleb üksteisest parema arusaamise nimel teha järje­ pidevat tööd. Kas ja kuidas jätkub laiapindse riigikaitse
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