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06_250317 part1-3.qxd 12/13/05 7:32 PM Page 15 Phylum Chordata Chordates are placed in the superphylum Deuterostomia. The possible rela- tionships of the chordates and deuterostomes to other metazoans are dis- cussed in Halanych (2004). He restricts the taxon of deuterostomes to the chordates and their proposed immediate sister group, a taxon comprising the hemichordates, echinoderms, and the wormlike Xenoturbella. The phylum Chordata has been used by most recent workers to encompass members of the subphyla Urochordata (tunicates or sea-squirts), Cephalochordata (lancelets), and Craniata (fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals). The Cephalochordata and Craniata form a mono- phyletic group (e.g., Cameron et al., 2000; Halanych, 2004). Much disagree- ment exists concerning the interrelationships and classification of the Chordata, and the inclusion of the urochordates as sister to the cephalochor- dates and craniates is not as broadly held as the sister-group relationship of cephalochordates and craniates (Halanych, 2004). Many excitingCOPYRIGHTED fossil finds in recent years MATERIAL reveal what the first fishes may have looked like, and these finds push the fossil record of fishes back into the early Cambrian, far further back than previously known. There is still much difference of opinion on the phylogenetic position of these new Cambrian species, and many new discoveries and changes in early fish systematics may be expected over the next decade. As noted by Halanych (2004), D.-G. (D.) Shu and collaborators have discovered fossil ascidians (e.g., Cheungkongella), cephalochordate-like yunnanozoans (Haikouella and Yunnanozoon), and jaw- less craniates (Myllokunmingia, and its junior synonym Haikouichthys) over the 15 06_250317 part1-3.qxd 12/13/05 7:32 PM Page 16 16 Fishes of the World last few years that push the origins of these three major taxa at least into the Lower Cambrian (approximately 530–540 million years ago). -
A New Lower Devonian Arthrodire (Placodermi) from the NW Siberian Platform
Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2013, 62, 3, 131–138 doi: 10.3176/earth.2013.11 A new Lower Devonian arthrodire (Placodermi) from the NW Siberian Platform Elga Mark-Kurik Institute of Geology at Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; [email protected] Received 24 August 2012, accepted 5 November 2012 Abstract. A new genus and species of arthrodires, Eukaia elongata (Actinolepidoidei, Placodermi), is described from the Lower Devonian, ?Pragian of the Turukhansk region, NW Siberian Platform. A single specimen of the fish, a skull roof, comes probably from the lower part of the Razvedochnyj Formation. The occurrence of an actinolepidoid arthrodire in the Early Devonian of this area of Siberia is unexpected. Eukaia shows some distant relationship with the genus Actinolepis, but several features indicate similarity to representatives of other arthrodires. Key words: actinolepidoid arthrodire, placoderm, Lower Devonian, ?Pragian, NW Siberian Platform. INTRODUCTION (Fig. 1). The first two units are Lochkovian in age, the lower part of the Razvedochnyj Fm belongs to the Pragian The northwestern part of the Siberian Platform in the and the upper part of the Razvedochnyj Fm plus the lower Russian Arctic is well known for rich and amphiaspidid- part of the Mantura Fm to the Emsian (Matukhin 1995). dominated Early Devonian fish faunas. One of the The Zub Fm (up to 150 m thick) consists of carbonaceous- important areas where these faunas have been discovered argillaceous and sulphate rocks. Invertebrates and fossil is the near-Yenisej zone of the Tunguska syneclise fishes, e.g. a cyathaspidid Steinaspis, are comparatively (Krylova et al. -
The Phylogeny of Antiarch Placoderms
The phylogeny of antiarch placoderms Sarah Kearsley Geology 394 Senior Thesis Abstract The most comprehensive phylogenetic study of antiarchs to date (Zhu, 1996) included information not derived from observation. In cases where the relevant anatomy was poorly or not at all preserved Zhu sometimes inferred character states from taxa considered to be closely related. These inferences have the potential to affect the topology of the resulting trees. To learn if and how these inferred characters have biased the results several tests have been performed. Heuristic searches for most parsimonious trees were done on Zhu’s matrix with and without inferred characters. Bootstrap analysis, Bremer support indices, and the Templeton test were performed on both data sets. The inferred characters were found to increase the robusticity of the results, although they also caused a statistically significantly different tree to be generated. The false resolution and different result suggest that inferring characters does not help the search for accurate phylogenies. 1 Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..1 Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………………………………...2 List of Figures………………………………………………………………………………………………………3 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………4 Methods and Taxa…………………………………………………………………………………………………..5 Results Description of Trees………………………………………………………………………………………...5 Statistical Tests……………………………………………………………………………………………..6 Suggestions for Future Work………………………………………………………………………………………10 Conclusions…………………………………………………………………………………………..……………10 -
Family-Group Names of Fossil Fishes
European Journal of Taxonomy 466: 1–167 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2018.466 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2018 · Van der Laan R. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Monograph urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1F74D019-D13C-426F-835A-24A9A1126C55 Family-group names of fossil fishes Richard VAN DER LAAN Grasmeent 80, 1357JJ Almere, The Netherlands. Email: [email protected] urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:55EA63EE-63FD-49E6-A216-A6D2BEB91B82 Abstract. The family-group names of animals (superfamily, family, subfamily, supertribe, tribe and subtribe) are regulated by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Particularly, the family names are very important, because they are among the most widely used of all technical animal names. A uniform name and spelling are essential for the location of information. To facilitate this, a list of family- group names for fossil fishes has been compiled. I use the concept ‘Fishes’ in the usual sense, i.e., starting with the Agnatha up to the †Osteolepidiformes. All the family-group names proposed for fossil fishes found to date are listed, together with their author(s) and year of publication. The main goal of the list is to contribute to the usage of the correct family-group names for fossil fishes with a uniform spelling and to list the author(s) and date of those names. No valid family-group name description could be located for the following family-group names currently in usage: †Brindabellaspidae, †Diabolepididae, †Dorsetichthyidae, †Erichalcidae, †Holodipteridae, †Kentuckiidae, †Lepidaspididae, †Loganelliidae and †Pituriaspididae. Keywords. Nomenclature, ICZN, Vertebrata, Agnatha, Gnathostomata. -
The Phylogeny of Antiarch Placoderms Sarah Kearsley
It is a non-parametric Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed ranks test. The number of state changes each character goes through is re goes through of state changes each character The number matched-pairs signed ranks test. Wilcoxon It is a non-parametric of the same cla actually approximations cladograms are different not two apparently or test can determine whether Templeton The with a small test statistic indicating statistically significant result. then compared are The results Ts. test statistic, Wilcoxon absolute value is the The sum with the smaller summed separately. The ranks assigned to positive and negativ assigned a rank based on absolute value. are These scores as n. is recorded scores of no The number the scores. These numbers are tree. those of the other subtracted from are of changes in one tree The number relatives within placoderms are thought to be either the arthrodires or or the arthrodires thought to be either within placoderms are relatives Thei branches of jawed vertebrates. major to be members of the placodermi, one three generally considered are Antiarchs phylogeny of the placoderms. The cladogram to the left shows the relationship of placoderms to other vertebrates. of placoderms to other The cladogram to the left shows relationship phylogeny of the placoderms. considered to be closely related. These inferences have the potential to affect the topology of the resulting trees. To learn To trees. have the potential to affect topology of resulting These inferences to be closely related. considered taxa states from character Zhu sometimes inferred not at all preserved anatomy was poorly or the relevant In cases where observation. -
Family-Group Names of Fossil Fishes
© European Journal of Taxonomy; download unter http://www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu; www.zobodat.at European Journal of Taxonomy 466: 1–167 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2018.466 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2018 · Van der Laan R. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Monograph urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1F74D019-D13C-426F-835A-24A9A1126C55 Family-group names of fossil fi shes Richard VAN DER LAAN Grasmeent 80, 1357JJ Almere, The Netherlands. Email: [email protected] urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:55EA63EE-63FD-49E6-A216-A6D2BEB91B82 Abstract. The family-group names of animals (superfamily, family, subfamily, supertribe, tribe and subtribe) are regulated by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Particularly, the family names are very important, because they are among the most widely used of all technical animal names. A uniform name and spelling are essential for the location of information. To facilitate this, a list of family- group names for fossil fi shes has been compiled. I use the concept ‘Fishes’ in the usual sense, i.e., starting with the Agnatha up to the †Osteolepidiformes. All the family-group names proposed for fossil fi shes found to date are listed, together with their author(s) and year of publication. The main goal of the list is to contribute to the usage of the correct family-group names for fossil fi shes with a uniform spelling and to list the author(s) and date of those names. No valid family-group name description could be located for the following family-group names currently in usage: †Brindabellaspidae, †Diabolepididae, †Dorsetichthyidae, †Erichalcidae, †Holodipteridae, †Kentuckiidae, †Lepidaspididae, †Loganelliidae and †Pituriaspididae. -
Fishes of the World
Fishes of the World Fishes of the World Fifth Edition Joseph S. Nelson Terry C. Grande Mark V. H. Wilson Cover image: Mark V. H. Wilson Cover design: Wiley This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with the respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be createdor extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. -
Placoderm Fishes) from the Devonian of South China and Eastern Australia
AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS Ritchie, A., Wang Shitao, G. C. Young, and Zhang Guorui, 1992. The Sinolepidae, a family of antiarchs (placoderm fishes) from the Devonian of South China and eastern Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 44(3): 319–370. [5 December 1992]. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.44.1992.38 ISSN 0067-1975 Published by the Australian Museum, Sydney nature culture discover Australian Museum science is freely accessible online at http://publications.australianmuseum.net.au 6 College Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia Records of the Australian Museum (1992) Vo1.44: 319-370. ISSN 0067-1975 319 The Sinolepidae, a Family of Antiarchs (Placoderm Fishes) from the Devonian of South China and Eastern Australia A. RITCHIE 1, WANG SHlTAO 3, G.C. YOUNG 4 & ZHANG GUORUI 2 * 1 Australian Museum, PO Box A285, Sydney South, NSW 2000, Australia 2 Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Academia Sinica, PO Box 643, Beijing, China 3 Institute of Geology, Academy of Geological Sciences, Baiwanzhuang Road, Beijing, China 4 Australian Geological Survey Organisation, PO Box 378, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia (* alphabetical order) ABSTRACT. Two new antiarchs are described, from the Late Devonian Hunter Siltstone near Grenfell in south-eastern Australia (Grenfellaspis branagani n.gen., n.sp.), and from the Early - Middle Devonian Dayaoshan Group in Guangxi, south-eastern China (Dayaoshania youngi n.gen., n.sp.). New material is described of Xichonolepis qujingensis P'an & Wang, 1978 from the Middle Devonian of Yunnan, and new interpretations are presented for Sinolepis Liu & P'an, 1958 from the Late Devonian of Jiangsu. All four genera are placed in the family Sinolepidae Liu & P' an, of which the most obvious defining character is the much reduced ventral laminae of the anterior and posterior ventrolateral plates of the trunk armour, and the presumed absence of a median ventral plate. -
Family-Group Names of Fossil Fishes
European Journal of Taxonomy 466: 1–167 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2018.466 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2018 · Van der Laan R. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Monograph urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1F74D019-D13C-426F-835A-24A9A1126C55 Family-group names of fossil fishes Richard VAN DER LAAN Grasmeent 80, 1357JJ Almere, The Netherlands. Email: [email protected] urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:55EA63EE-63FD-49E6-A216-A6D2BEB91B82 Abstract. The family-group names of animals (superfamily, family, subfamily, supertribe, tribe and subtribe) are regulated by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Particularly, the family names are very important, because they are among the most widely used of all technical animal names. A uniform name and spelling are essential for the location of information. To facilitate this, a list of family- group names for fossil fishes has been compiled. I use the concept ‘Fishes’ in the usual sense, i.e., starting with the Agnatha up to the †Osteolepidiformes. All the family-group names proposed for fossil fishes found to date are listed, together with their author(s) and year of publication. The main goal of the list is to contribute to the usage of the correct family-group names for fossil fishes with a uniform spelling and to list the author(s) and date of those names. No valid family-group name description could be located for the following family-group names currently in usage: †Brindabellaspidae, †Diabolepididae, †Dorsetichthyidae, †Erichalcidae, †Holodipteridae, †Kentuckiidae, †Lepidaspididae, †Loganelliidae and †Pituriaspididae. Keywords. Nomenclature, ICZN, Vertebrata, Agnatha, Gnathostomata. -
Siluro-Devonian Vertebrate Biostratigraphy and Biogeography of China
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Palaeoworld 19 (2010) 4–26 Research paper Siluro-Devonian vertebrate biostratigraphy and biogeography of China Wen-Jin Zhao ∗, Min Zhu Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 643, Beijing 100044, China Received 2 June 2009; received in revised form 30 October 2009; accepted 23 November 2009 Available online 27 November 2009 Abstract During the past three decades, early vertebrates from the mid-Paleozoic of China have attracted extensive attention on account of their distinc- tive anatomical features, high diversity, early stratigraphic occurrence, and paleogeographic significance. These new findings have considerably increased our knowledge of vertebrate diversity, helped clarify the interrelationship of early fishes, and provided important data for mid-Paleozoic biostratigraphy and biogeography. In this paper, six Siluro-Devonian vertebrate faunas from China (Xiaoxiyu, Xiaoxiang, Xitun, Jiucheng, Haikou, and Zhongning faunas) and related stratigraphic problems are discussed. Biogeographically, the three main Chinese blocks (South China, North China, and Tarim blocks) constitute the “Pan-Cathaysian Galeaspid Province” during the mid-Paleozoic with highly endemic vertebrate faunas. Some major groups of early vertebrates, such as galeaspids, placoderms, and sarcopterygians, apparently originated and diversified in China. We suggest that three dispersal routes of early vertebrates (Northern Route, Southern Route, and Circum-Panthalassic Ocean Route) bridged the Chinese blocks with the adjacent continents or blocks during the mid-Paleozoic. Crown Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ltd and Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS. All rights reserved. Keywords: Biostratigraphy; Biogeography; Early vertebrates; Siluro-Devonian; China 1. Introduction brates are gradually becoming a very useful tool in the study of mid-Paleozoic biogeography. -
The Primitive Antiarch Yunnanolepis from China: a Microtomographic Study Den Primitiva Antiarchen Yunnanolepis Från Kina: En Mikrotomografisk Studie
Independent Project at the Department of Earth Sciences Självständigt arbete vid Institutionen för geovetenskaper 2016: 29 The Primitive Antiarch Yunnanolepis from China: A Microtomographic Study Den primitiva antiarchen Yunnanolepis från Kina: En mikrotomografisk studie Jessica Grahn DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES INSTITUTIONEN FÖR GEOVETENSKAPER Independent Project at the Department of Earth Sciences Självständigt arbete vid Institutionen för geovetenskaper 2016: 29 The Primitive Antiarch Yunnanolepis from China: A Microtomographic Study Den primitiva antiarchen Yunnanolepis från Kina: En mikrotomografisk studie Jessica Grahn Copyright © Jessica Grahn Published at Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University (www.geo.uu.se), Uppsala, 2016 Sammanfattning Den primitiva antiarchen Yunnanolepis från Kina: En mikrotomografisk studie Jessica Grahn Placodermer (pansarhajar) är en grupp tidiga käkförsedda fiskar som dök upp under tidig silur. De spred sig snabbt under silur och dominerade världens vatten under de- von, för att helt dö ut i slutet av devon. En av de allra tidigaste grupperna av placo- dermer är en grupp som kallas yunnanolepider, de var en primitiv form av antiarcher (armpansarhajar) från tidig devon i Kina och Vietnam. Man vet väldigt lite om denna grupp, och alla tidigare beskrivningar har baserats på konventionella preparerings- metoder där man mekaniskt avlägsnat sediment som omgav fossilet. Här har ett fos- sil beskrivits med hjälp av röntgenbaserad mikrotomografi som sedan modellerats digitalt. Modellen visar en välbevarad bröstplåt, del av skuldergördelen, från yunna- nolepiden. Denna visar en öppning med fäste för bröstfenan, interna strukturer och yttre ornamentering. Man kan här få en första syn på en intern hålighet som kallas Chang’s apparatus som aldrig tidigare har beskrivits i detalj. -
Placoderm’ from Mongolia
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.09.132027; this version posted July 13, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Endochondral bone in an Early Devonian ‘placoderm’ from Mongolia 2 3 Martin D. Brazeau1,2*, Sam Giles 2,3,4, Richard P. Dearden1,5, Anna Jerve1,6, Y.A. 4 Ariunchimeg7, E. Zorig8, Robert Sansom9, Thomas Guillerme10, Marco Castiello1 5 6 1 Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst 7 Rd, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK; 8 2 Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 9 5BD, UK; 10 3 School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 11 Birmingham, UK; 12 4 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3AN, 13 UK; 14 5 CR2P Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Paris, Muséum national d’Histoire 15 naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, CP 38, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75231, Paris, Cedex 05, 16 France 17 6 Department of Organismal Biology, Subdepartment of Evolution and Development, 18 Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; 19 7 Natural History Museum, P.O. Box 46/52, Ulaanbaatar 1420, Mongolia 20 8 Institute of Paleontology, Mongolian Academy of Science, P.O. Box 46/650, S. Danzan 21 Street 3/1, Chingeltei District. Ulaanbaatar 15160, Mongolia; 22 9 School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 23 9PT, UK; 24 10 Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, 25 UK; bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.09.132027; this version posted July 13, 2020.