Forestry Training Unit, Kepong Kuala Lumpur 19Th - 21St March 2002
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PROCEEDINGS OF Forestry Training Unit, Kepong Kuala Lumpur 19th - 21st March 2002 Jointly organised by: Supported by: Forestry Department Global Environment ASEAN Regional Royal Netherlands Peninsular Malaysia Centre Centre for Embassy Malaysia Biodiversity Conservation PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF FIRE IN PEATLANDS Proceedings of Workshop At Forestry Training Unit, Kepong Kuala Lumpur 19th - 21st March 2002 Jointly organised by: Forestry Department Global Environment Peninsular Malaysia Centre Supported by: ASEAN Regional Centre Royal Netherlands for Biodiversity Embassy - Malaysia Conservation ii CREDIT PAGE Edited by Mr. Faizal Parish Dr. Eswaran Padmanabhan Mr. David Lee Chee Leong Mr. Thang Hooi Chiew Organised by Forestry Department, Peninsular Malaysia & Global Environment Centre Sponsored by ASEAN Regional Center for Biodiversity Conservation (ARCBC) Royal Netherlands Embassy - Malaysia Citation Parish, F., Padmanabhan, E., Lee, C.L. & H. C. Thang (eds.) PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF FIRE IN PEATLANDS. Proc. of Workshop on Prevention and Control of Fire in Peatlands, 19-21 March 2002, Kuala Lumpur. Global Environment Centre & Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia. Cetaktama, Kuala Lumpur. Published by Global Environment Centre & Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia Printed by Cetaktama Sdn. Bhd. B4-09, 4th Floor KL Industrial Park 5th Mile Klang Road 58200 Kuala Lumpur Available from Global Environment Centre 7A, Jalan 19/29 46300 Petaling Jaya Selangor, Malaysia Tel: +603-7957 2007 Fax: +603-7957 7003 E-mail: [email protected] Forestry Department, Peninsular Malaysia Jalan Sultan Salahuddin 50660 Kuala Lumpur Wilayah Persekutuan Malaysia Tel: +603-2698 8244 Fax: +603-2692 5657 E-mail: [email protected] i TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface iv Acknowledgements v Opening Speeches Welcome Address by Faizal Parish, Director of Global Environment 1 Centre (GEC) Opening Address by Y. Bhg. Datuk Zul Mukhshar bin Dato’ Md. Shaari, 2 Director General of Forestry, Peninsular Malaysia Speech from ARCBC by Miss Alona C. Linatoc, Science Research Specialist II of 4 ASEAN Regional Centre for Biodiversity Conservation Workshop Report Working Group Discussions and Conclusions 5 Workshop Statement on Prevention and Control of Fire in Peatlands 9 Papers Presented 1. Overview on peat, biodiversity, climate change and fire 11 Faizal Parish 2. History of peat fires in Malaysia 20 Mohd. Jinis Abdullah, Mahmad Rasid Ibrahim & Abdul Rahman Abdul Rahim 3. Formation of peat basin, its properties and fire management 28 Salmah Zakaria 4. Fire and peat forests, what are the solutions? 41 Herbert Diemont 5. Hydrological aspect of peat swamp forest in North Selangor 51 Zulkifli Yusop 6. Monitoring peat water level as an early warning indicator for the 57 peat forest fire management programme Ahmad Ainuddin Nuruddin 7. El Nino, climate change and peat fires 61 Santhira Segaran Singaravelu 8. The 97/98 forest fire in Malaysia 69 Samsudin Musa & Ismail Parlan ii 9. Fire prevention and protection in peat swamp forest – Pahang’s experience 75 Abdul Hamid Maarof 10. Impacts of spatial variability on designing/implementing risk management 78 and rehabilitation strategies for peatlands in Southeast Asia Eswaran Padmanabhan 11. Post-fire management of the damaged peat swamp forest in 82 Berbak-Sembilang area, southern Sumatera, Indonesia Reza Irwansyah Lubis 12. Experience with the 1998 peat fires in Brunei 91 Jonathan Davies Annex 1 Workshop Organising Committee 96 Annex 2 Workshop Programme 97 Annex 3 Participants List and Contacts 98 iii PREFACE Currently, fires and associated haze have increasingly affected the economies, health and environment in Southeast Asia, especially in Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei and Singapore. The damage caused by the recent major fire and haze event in 1997-98 was estimated to be nine billion USD. During the 1997/98 forest and land fires in Indonesia and Malaysia, a total of about 10 million ha of forest and agricultural land was burnt. Although only 15% of this land was peatland, the peat fires contributed an estimated 60% of the regional smoke and haze. In addition, the peat fires burnt longer and were more difficult to put out than all the other fires. Even though large numbers of fire suppression personnel were mobilised, their effectiveness was limited by the lack of reliable, current information on locations of the fires and most of all the environmental conditions promoting their ignition and spread. One of the important lessons of this event is that more emphasis needs to be put into the sustainable management of peatlands and the prevention of forest fires, such as through better water management and restoration of degraded peatland areas. This publication consist of papers presented at the Workshop on “Prevention and Control of Fire in Peatlands” held from 19th to 21st of March 2002 which was attended by almost 70 representatives from Federal and State agencies, NGOs and research institutions in Malaysia, and regional representatives from ARCBC, Wetlands International Indonesia Programme and Alterra. The Workshop was jointly organised by the Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia and Global Environment Centre Malaysia, with valuable support from Selangor State Forestry Department, ASEAN Regional Centre for Biodiversity Conservation and the Royal Netherlands Embassy, Malaysia. This Workshop brought about together concerned parties to discuss issues relating to the importance and vulnerability of peat swamp forest in Malaysia. At the same time to pursue on collaborations and interaction between scientists, policy makers, government agencies and institutions to address the issue of peatland fires. The Workshop provided opportunity for active presentation and discussions on issues such as (a) peatland status and management in relation to biodiversity, (b) peatland fire and climate change, (c) wise hydrological management of peatland in preventing fires, (d) issue of 1997/98 forest fires and (e) experiences from regional case studies on peat fire management. Information derived from the discussions were compiled and incorporated into a Workshop Statement with 13 proposed actions for fire prevention and control in peatlands to be taken up by relevant agencies and institutions. The Workshop Statement is included in page 9. While this Workshop has attempted to tackle broader and wider issues on peatland fires, nevertheless, there are still emerging questions on how to deal with the situation in a practical manner and room for improvement in the future on “wise use of peatland”. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The organising committee would like to express our sincere gratitude to the Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia and the Global Environment Centre in co-organising the workshop on “Prevention and Control of Fire in Peatlands”. Special thanks also goes to the ASEAN Regional Centre for Biodiversity Conservation for the support in funding part of this workshop, and The Royal Netherlands Embassy, Malaysia for providing funds for the publication of this proceedings. The organising committee is deeply indebted to Y. Bhg. Datuk Zul Mukhshar bin Dato’ Md. Shaari, Director General of Forestry, Peninsular Malaysia, who not only officiated the opening of the Workshop which has enable scientist, collaborators to have the opportunity to openly and constructively discuss the issue of peatland fires, but allowing the use of the Forestry Training Unit in Kepong as the workshop venue, providing buses for field trips, and secretariat support. We also would like to thank the Selangor State Forestry Department, Selangor Agricultural Development Board (PKPS) and Agrotech Sdn. Bhd. for hosting and conducting the field visits for the workshop participants. To all the paper presenters for their effort and contributions, to all the participants of the workshop, the organising committee is extremely grateful for their inputs to the discussion and in making the workshop a successful one. Last but not least, “thank you” to all the members of the organising committee for their time and commitment, which made this Workshop run smoothly without a hitch. The names of the organising committee and participants are listed in Annex 1 and Annex 3 respectively. Mr. Thang Hooi Chiew Chairman Workshop Organising Committee v WELCOME ADDRESS By Faizal Parish Director of Global Environment Centre Yang Bahagia Datuk Zul Mukshar bin Dato’ Md Shaari, Director General of Forestry, Peninsular Malaysia Ms Alona Linatoc, representative of the ASEAN Regional Centre of Biodiversity Conservation Participants, Ladies and Gentlemen I am very happy to welcome you this morning to the Workshop on Prevention and Control of Fire in Peatlands. I know that many of you have travelled long distances from all parts of Malaysia and neighbouring countries to attend this workshop. We hope that it will be a very useful and productive workshop. The workshop has been organised jointly by the Forestry Department, Peninsular Malaysia and the Global Environment Centre and represents an activity in line with the Malaysian Government’s vision of encouraging smart partnerships between government and non government agencies. A range of different agencies have supported the preparations for the workshop including the Forestry Training Unit, the Selangor Forestry Department, and the Fire and Rescue Department. Funds to support the preparations and the workshop have been provided by the Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia, GEC and the ASEAN Regional Centre of Biodiversity Conservation (ARCBC). We would