Advancing inclusion and belonging for all

A Guide for Scouts and Scouters

www.scoutsforequality.org Scouts for Equality is a 501(c)3 not for profit organization committed to ensuring that the continues to be an organization that contributes positively to the lives of America’s young people. As Scouts, leaders, parents, volunteers, and supporters, we believe that inclusion, belonging, and mutual respect are traditional values integral to building character, developing leadership, and promoting good citizenship. We will continue to strive for a Scouting movement that is rooted in equality and is free of discrimination.

The vision of Scouts for Equality is of an inclusive, vibrant, and strong Boy Scouts of America in which members, leaders, parents, volunteers, and supporters treat each other with mutual respect and acknowledge the inherent worth and dignity of all people.

The values of the Law and the creed of the Scout Oath will guide Scouts for Equality’s continued work.

www.scoutsforequality.org

www.scoutsforequality.org/donate/

Contributors: Eric Michael B., MBE, MDiv* Training Director, Scouts For Equality

Justin Wilson* Executive Director, Scouts For Equality

Justin Bickford, PhD * Communications Director, Scouts For Equality

Rev. Ben Garren* Chapter Support Director, Scouts For Equality

Rev. Scott Thayer Faith Relations Director, Scouts For Equality

Michael Peters* Volunteer, Scouts For Equality

Jane White* Volunteer, Scouts For Equality

Jasper Davidoff* Volunteer, Scouts For Equality

* Eagle Scout Design by Roselyn Adams, www.roselynadams.com

2 Table of Contents

Introduction Living Our Values: Advancing Inclusion and Belonging in Scouting

Part 1- Defining Important Concepts...... 7 • Inclusion • Belonging • Diversity • Equality • Exclusion • Discrimination • Bias • Stereotype • Identity • Challenges and Opportunities: A Scenario

Part 2- A Framework for Inclusion and Belonging...... 16 • What Do We “Know We Know”? • Learning What We “Don’t Know We Don’t Know” • Harnessing the Scout Oath and

Part 3- Inclusion and Belonging in Action...... 22 • Best-Practices • Thinking Practically • Policies and Protocols • Putting It All Together: Scenario Revisited • When We Make Mistakes

Conclusion...... 28 Practicing Our Values: Learning and Improving Together

Appendix - Resources for Further Learning...... 29 • Diversity, Inclusion, and Belonging in Scouting • Bullying • Race, Ethnicity, and Culture • Gender • Sexuality • Religion, Spirituality, and Reverence • Physical, Mental, and Emotional Ability

References...... 33

3 Introduction

“I feel like I’ve hardly moved the needle. All I’ve Living Our Values: got is that we have to stand up to bigotry. Doing that in a way that moves the conversation forward Advancing Inclusion and is really, really hard.” Belonging in Scouting — Assistant Scoutmaster, Pennsylvania “I have never seen any resources. If I was an “Adventure, learning, challenge, and LGBTQ+ Scout, I would be scared.” responsibility—the promise of Scouting is — Unit Commissioner, Florida all this and more. If you are ready for the adventure to begin, then let’s get started.” “They leave most of it up to the units without ­— , specifics for how to make progress happen.” — District Committee Member, Colorado 13th Edition, p.91 “I don’t think there is a good set of guidelines for The Boy Scouts of America (BSA) has experienced conflicts.” many challenges, opportunities, and changes ­ — Scoutmaster, Missouri in recent years. As cultural norms evolve, we’re learning more and more about how American “They simply don’t have expertise to develop pillars like the BSA have, in both intended these resources, and in many cases, I think they and unintended ways, made it hard for some are actually trying to avoid saying anything communities to enjoy opportunities for life, official about a sensitive issue like transgender liberty, and the pursuit of happiness as fully as members. My biggest concern is that the ‘separate others. With the rapid pace of change toward but equal’ system they established is very binary improved standards of diversity, inclusion, and in nature: boy or girl. It allows no ‘grey area’ for belonging for so many different people, this kids who are non binary or just unsure about who knowledge can sometimes feel overwhelming. they are.” Even if we value these important changes and — Venture Crew Chair, Virginia want to help build a more inclusive future, we may not always know what to do, where to turn, or how Historically, the BSA has been slow to embrace to deepen our own leadership and understanding. new opportunities for learning and service. As we can see, they continue to face challenges in In Scouts For Equality’s 2018 Inclusive Scouting implementing new standards of inclusion and Survey2, Scouts and Scouters around the country transforming old habits of discrimination and described concerns and insights about the need to exclusion. advance inclusion and belonging in the BSA: Despite the fact that the BSA has not been a “The BSA needs to not just say, but show how we leader in this regard, it is also true that positive are accepting today compared to years ago.” change is happening. After a century of openly — Scout, New York discriminating against girls, the LGBTQ+ community, and atheists & agnostics, the BSA “What is national doing to promote respect? I has taken a significant step in repealing its ban don’t see it.” on LGBTQ+ Scouts and Scouters and opening — Assistant Scoutmaster, New York its programs to girls. Now, it is time to support one another in ensuring we transform the BSA’s 4 old habits of exclusion and discrimination so the Scout Oath and Law, this guide defines everyone in America can be confident in knowing important concepts and addresses common that Scouting serves them, too. questions about the changing membership of Scouting. It provides a framework for inclusion It’s time to live and practice our Scouting values and belonging anchored in the core principles as fully as possible. To be helpful, courteous, of Scouting, and shares best-practices for and kind means actively practicing inclusion engaging with, and learning from, diverse and creating environments where those who communities. To support further learning, have been excluded and marginalized can find this guide also provides readers with a curated belonging. If we remember to practice our most list of digital resources for practical advice, fundamental Scouting principles, we can learn deeper understanding, and ongoing character from the shameful mistakes of the past and make development. sure Scouting serves as the powerful force for justice it can be, and should be, for many years to We encourage everyone to use this guide to come. support their own practice of living Scouting’s values and promoting our movement as a powerful force for good. Readers should take Who is this guide for? their time working through this guide; writing notes and reflecting on how the content challenges our assumptions or resonates with “Servant leaders know what it takes personal experience. to make their group—and each of its members—successful, and they do what it Here are some recommendations for how this takes to achieve that success.” guide can be used: ­— Boy Scout Handbook, 13th Edition, p.32 • As an opportunity for individual learning and personal reflection.

This guide is for all Scouts and Scouters interested • As a foundation for discussing the values of in advancing the values of inclusion and inclusion and belonging in Scouting with belonging in their unit, district, council, chapter, others. This might involve your patrol, unit, lodge, section, area, and region. This guide is lodge, or committee. for everyone who is inspired by the wisdom and insights of the Scout Oath and Scout Law. Rooted • Whether you are working individually or in Scouting’s deepest values, this guide offers with others, we encourage everyone to guidance for helping our movement become consider the following questions: synonymous with the values of real inclusion and belonging for all. »» In what ways do I/we agree? How to use this guide: »» In what ways do I/we disagree? »» How do I/we advance inclusion “What really matters is how Scouts and and belonging in my/our specific Scouters show leadership by sharing environment? knowledge and offering guidance and encouragement to others.” »» Do I/we still have questions? ­— Boy Scout Handbook, 13th Edition, p.43 »» Do I/we need more information?

To help Scouts and Scouters fully embody »» Where can I/we go to learn more about 5 different barriers to inclusion and belonging? Part 2- A Framework for Inclusion and Belonging. This section shows how the »» How can I/we navigate our differences Scout Oath and Scout Law provide a strong to promote by living the foundation for improving communication and Scout Oath and Law? implementing strategies for greater inclusion and belonging in Scouting with humility, »» Where are my/our blind spots and biases? curiosity, and a commitment to lifelong learning. »» How do I/we work together to transform old habits to improve our program for Part 3- Inclusion and Belonging in Action. everyone? This section includes policy guidelines and overall best-practices for advancing inclusion »» Is there anything preventing me/us from and belonging in Scouting. This section also practicing the core values of Scouting or demonstrates how information provided in implementing best-practices outlined in previous sections can be applied in specific this guide? contexts by returning to the case-study and leveraging personal reflection. »» If so, what do I/we need to do to overcome those barriers? Appendix- Resources for Further Learning. This section offers a curated list of resources for We hope this guide supports ongoing reflection learning more about advancing inclusion and and lifelong learning as opportunities and belonging for specific communities as well as challenges arise in pursuit of greater inclusion reflection questions to be completed at the end and belonging in Scouting. Be creative! of each section.

What’s inside: Part 1- Defining Important Concepts. This “Leave this world a little better than you section provides background information and found it…” a case-study for understanding why we need to ­ — Baden-Powell’s Last Messages 3 advance inclusion and belonging in Scouting.

6 Part 1: Defining Important Concepts

These are broad “snapshots” of each concept. “Be open to those who are not just like While these snapshots are not meant to be comprehensive, they can help Scouts and everyone else you know. Differences in Scouters communicate and collaborate race, culture, and language may keep effectively to advance inclusion and belonging in some people at a distance, but those our movement. differences can also be doorways for you to expand your understanding of other After outlining the importance of inclusion people and of the world.” and belonging, we’ll explore other valuable ­ ­— Boy Scout Handbook, concepts for living these values in Scouting. 13th Edition, p.44-45 These important concepts are: diversity, equality, exclusion, discrimination, bias, stereotype, and Scouting in America should be as vibrant and identity. diverse as America itself. Scouting is a movement where people can learn from one another We begin with our two key terms: inclusion and and share life together across differences of belonging. Everyone wants to feel included and race, color, ethnicity, sex, gender expression, to know they belong. Achieving true inclusion nationality, language, sexuality, ability, religious and belonging for all, however, requires strong beliefs, or family income. It’s a movement with intentions, significant resources, and a passion the potential to celebrate commonality as well as for lifelong learning. difference. This is important, because if we forget to honor both commonality and difference, we Inclusion: “The action or state of risk repeating the mistakes of the past. When we forget to respect the vast complexity of human including or of being included 4 diversity, we fail to live the Scout Oath and Law within a group or structure.” to the greatest extent possible. By honoring this complexity, we leverage the power of Inclusion in Scouting means actively building the Oath and Law as tools for navigating a movement where diverse communities difference while celebrating our common can benefit from and contribute to Scouting humanity. regardless of race, ethnicity, culture, gender expression, sexuality, ability, national origin, This section outlines important concepts that spirituality, or family income. Inclusion in help us leverage the power of the Scout Oath Scouting means celebrating and learning from and Law. First, we define each term by using difference, even when it may be challenging. the Oxford English Dictionary. Then, we clarify these definitions through other resources related According to the World Organization of the Scout to Scouting in the US and around the world. Movement (WOSM): Additional sources come from cutting edge research in psychology, business, and social “Our challenge is to develop and improve science. our programme and delivery approaches so that they are inclusive by design and not just

7 by adaptation. We want to make Scouting them permission to wear our uniform. Being more meaningful and relevant by embracing included “in the room” is not the same as feeling everyone.”5 like you belong “in the room”.

Sometimes it's easy to assume Scouting is Belonging without inclusion is also insufficient. inclusive, especially if we personally feel, or Many people know and feel they belong in have always felt, included. However, we can’t Scouting. Especially those who have never been assume that century-old habits of discrimination excluded or discriminated against on the basis of and exclusion can be transformed overnight. As their race, gender expression, sexuality, ability, WOSM states: or spiritual beliefs. Since these people have always had access to the resources of Scouting, “It is important that all members can recognise it’s no surprise that they feel like they belong, barriers that may delay inclusion and be active since Scouting never tried to keep them out in in addressing these. Inclusion uses the potential the first place. True belonging can only happen of diversity to achieve greater creativity and when we welcome, embrace, learn from, and innovation within our membership and the include people who have been intentionally and movement.”6 unintentionally excluded.

In order to transform old habits, we need to take When historically excluded communities, as action and intentionally practice new habits of well as those who have never been excluded, inclusion for all. feel like they belong in Scouting, then inclusion and belonging are working harmoniously for the Belonging: “An affinity for a benefit of everyone. 7 place or situation.” Advancing this goal means that old habits and narrow assumptions about what Scouting is and Belonging in Scouting means that those who who it’s for will have to change. If we can achieve have been discriminated and excluded in the both true inclusion and full belonging in our past know that we truly value their presence, movement, we will be living the Scout Oath and affirm their inherent worth and dignity through Law to the fullest extent possible. our actions, and value their contributions to our movement. Belonging must extend to those who have been told they are not welcome in Scouting, Other Important Concepts as well as those who have always felt welcome. for Advancing Inclusion According to John A. Powell and Stephen and Belonging in Scouting Menendian, directors of the Haas Institute for a Fair and Inclusive Society, belonging “entails an unwavering commitment to not simply tolerating and respecting difference but to ensuring that all “Understanding more about the people are welcome and feel that they belong in challenges others face is a step toward the society.”8 getting to know people for who they really are.” We emphasize the importance of inclusion ­— Boy Scout Handbook, and belonging because we need both to ensure 13th Edition, p.64 we are living Scouting’s fundamental values. Mere inclusion of people who have been discriminated against by our movement may not actually make them feel like they Diversity: “Showing a great 9 belong in Scouting—even if we now give deal of variety; very different.”

8 Diversity in Scouting means that the BSA should in for true and organic diversity. If diverse reflect the rich varieties of experience and communities are not engaging with your knowledge found throughout America. program, the first question should not be “how do we include more diverse communities in Our peers from The Scout Association in the Scouting?” Rather, the first question should be, United Kingdom write: “Is there something about our program that is causing diverse communities to feel like they “The term 'diversity' can be interpreted in many don’t belong?” Or, more fundamentally, we ways. It is often taken to mean the differences should be asking, “Do our youth and volunteers in the values, attitudes, cultural perspective, know how to interact with people from different beliefs, ethnic background, sexual orientation, backgrounds?” ability or disability, skills, knowledge, age and life experiences of each individual in any group As WOSM clarifies: of people. Valuing diversity refers to developing an accessible and inclusive environment where “It is essential that [National Scout everyone feels welcome and valued and can Organizations] demonstrate actively that contribute to their fullest potential.”10 diversity is something that is valued and practised within Scouting, by being an open and Diversity means more than having one “token” inclusive movement and promoting access to member of a community serving as a stand- Scouting for all people.”11 9 “The United States of America is an The intentional or unintentional exclusion of ongoing experiment in how people can individuals and entire communities is a major work together for the good of all.” barrier to equality, inclusion and belonging. ­— Boy Scout Handbook, 13th Edition, p.54 In the United Kingdom, where Scouting was born, our fellow Scouts and Scouters state that exclusion

Equality: “The state of being “...describes what can happen when people equal, especially in status, or areas suffer from a combination of linked 12 problems such as unemployment, poor rights, or opportunities.” skills, low incomes, poor housing, high crime environments, bad health and family The values of inclusion and belonging are breakdown. Those who experience social rooted in a commitment to one of our most exclusion are, for whatever reason, prevented fundamental American values: All people are from participating in or benefiting from a created equal. Achieving equal opportunities range of opportunities available to members of and accommodations for all is a way of society.”15 advancing inclusion and belonging. It should also be a natural outcome of truly living Many people have been excluded from Scouting Scouting's most fundamental values. in the past. As the BSA begins to open its doors to girls and the LGBTQ+ community, to make As The Scout Association clarifies: Scouting more accessible to low-income and urban families, and to strengthen its ability “Equal opportunities refers to the development to provide programs for youth with various of practices that promote the possibility of fair abilities, it is important to remember that many and equal chances for all to develop their full youth and families are hesitant to join Scouting potential, in all aspects of life, and the removal because of their justified fears of being excluded of barriers to discrimination and disadvantage or marginalized through jokes, slurs, ignorance, experienced by certain groups.”13 isolation, or any other kind of basic disrespect, intentional or otherwise. In order to transform barriers to equality, it is important to understand root causes of Scouts and Scouters frequently report these inequality which aren’t always easy to see. kinds of painful experiences happening in our movement—at every level throughout Exclusion: “[To] deny (someone) the country, often without our knowledge. access to a place, group, or Perhaps this happens simply because we don’t 14 know what to look for. Or maybe it happens privilege.” because we are afraid to acknowledge harmful habits rooted in the BSA’s long legacy of discrimination. “Americans are as different from one another as the land upon which we live. Without a doubt, countless Scouts and Scouters Even so, when we work together we are also having incredible experiences in have the energy, optimism, and ability to Scouting every single day. But for those who accomplish almost anything we set out to experience discrimination and disrespect, they do.” may feel hurt and unwelcome in our movement. ­— Boy Scout Handbook, Some of these youth and adults may choose 13th Edition, p.70 to stay involved in Scouting despite feeling 10 Spirit of Adventure Council unwelcome because the program offers such incredible opportunities. Many, though, will Discrimination: “The unjust leave Scouting because we have failed to live the or prejudicial treatment of Scout Oath and Law to their fullest potential. different categories of people, Unless Scouts and Scouters actively work to especially on the grounds of strengthen their knowledge and understanding race, age, or sex.”16 by identifying barriers to inclusion and belonging which prevent us from welcoming Discrimination is a kind of exclusion which communities who’ve been excluded for so long, has prevented the BSA from being the fullest Scouting will never achieve its fullest potential expression of our Scouting values. Throughout as a global force for good. history, the BSA has discriminated against African Americans, girls, and the LGBTQ+ community well We believe that Scouting should play a central after most other organizations recognized the role in addressing exclusion in our schools and injustices of discrimination. communities, in our nation, and throughout the world. Many personal and organizational habits In fact, it is important to remember that the BSA contribute to exclusion, so we must learn how continues to discriminate against atheist and to identify when it is happening with as much agnostic members of our movement, forcing specificity as possible, and to the best of our them to hide part of who they are to avoid ability. being removed from Scouting. This kind of discrimination is unacceptable, and we will not be 11 able to advance inclusion and belonging so long Even when there may be no intention to as discrimination is accepted in our movement. discriminate against anyone or to create Fortunately, the commitment to inclusion and discriminatory barriers to diverse families belonging is only growing in our movement. participating in Scouting, direct and indirect discrimination can still occur. This is because In order to continue living the Scout Oath and we all possess biases we may not even know we Law toward greater inclusion and belonging, have. Leading psychologists Mahzarin Banaji it is important to gain a deeper understanding and Anthony Greenwald have studied these of what discrimination looks like and how it is biases extensively and write about their findings perpetuated. The BSA can learn a lot from The in the book Blindspot: Hidden Biases of Good Scout Association in the United Kingdom, which People. offers helpful language for identifying multiple forms of discrimination: They write that biases are caused by broad assumptions about groups of people which “Direct discrimination takes place where we learn from our surroundings—including one person is treated less favourably than our parents, community, the media, and our another person on the grounds of [sex], gender cultures. We all have hidden biases. The fact [expression], marital status, colour of skin, race, that we have hidden biases we may not be nationality, ethnicity, disability, age, religion/ aware of doesn’t make us bad people. Rather, it faith or sexual orientation. For example, direct is about learning how to live the values of the discrimination would occur if a female employee Scout Oath and Law in order to learn about our was being paid less than a male colleague for biases with honesty, humility, and curiosity to doing the same job. advance inclusion and belonging for all. Even good people of strong character, Scouts and Indirect discrimination occurs where a policy or Scouters included, have biases which can lead to a practice is applied, which disadvantages people exclusion and discrimination. of a particular group because of their inability to comply with the requirement or condition. For As Banaji and Greenwald write: example, saying that applicants for a job must be clean shaven puts members of some religious “Once lodged in our minds, hidden biases groups at a disadvantage.”17 can influence our behavior toward members of particular social groups, but we remain There is much to learn about direct and indirect oblivious to their influence. In talking with forms of discrimination, but it is also important to others about hidden biases, we have discovered ask: “Why does discrimination happen in the first that most people find it unbelievable that their place?” behavior can be guided by mental content of which they are unaware.”19

Bias: “Inclination or prejudice They further clarify: for or against one person or group, especially in a way “By ‘good people’ we refer to those, ourselves 18 included, who intend well and who strive to considered to be unfair.” align their behavior with their intentions.”20

“By accepting the differences among us, We must realize that it is not only the intention we can experience the variety and strength behind our actions that is important, but that all people can bring to a community.” also the real world impact our actions have ­— Boy Scout Handbook, on others. This guide aims to help Scouts 13th Edition, p.65 and Scouters align their actions with their intentions to embody the Scout Oath and Law. 12 “Stereotype is a fixed, widely-held image, Stereotype: “A widely held but belief or assumption about a group of people fixed and oversimplified image which is made without regard to individual 22 or idea of a particular type of differences.” 21 person or thing.” Since stereotypes prevent us from seeing people as unique individuals, even positive stereotypes can have unintended negative impacts. In “Be engaged. Be aware. Learn what is order to advance inclusion and belonging, going on around you and develop the we must learn how to challenge our personal ability to think for yourself.” and organizational stereotypes by prioritizing ­— Boy Scout Handbook, the rich complexity and nuance of diverse 13th Edition, p.55 individuals and unique communities.

Harmful biases often depend on negative “We and our neighbors don’t agree on stereotypes which cause us to make inaccurate everything, but we can work to make the assumptions about groups of people and fail to world a better place.” respect the unique dignity, contributions, and ­— Boy Scout Handbook, value of individuals. As The Scout Association 13th Edition, p.71 writes:

13 assumptions onto others.

Identity: “The fact of being who In order to advance inclusion and belonging in 23 or what a person or thing is.” Scouting, we must begin to celebrate identity as an opportunity to honor difference and Some of the most widely held stereotypes practice our Scouting values across those are those associated with identity. Based on differences. If we collaborate on this goal in our the stereotype we apply to an individual or personal lives and in Scouting, we can begin to community, hidden biases can lead to direct challenge stereotypes, become aware of hidden and indirect discrimination. Eventually, many biases, address discrimination, and transform different patterns of discrimination can cause exclusionary habits. In this way, Scouting can be social exclusion, damaging the health and a powerful force for inclusion and belonging in wellbeing of individuals and communities America and throughout the world. who’ve been stereotyped.

Advancing inclusion and belonging in Challenges and Scouting means we must challenge stereotypes 25 assigned to various identities; such as lesbian, Opportunities: A Scenario transgender, autistic, atheist, and many more. Troop Open House Instead, we should celebrate identity as an opportunity to learn from and serve alongside Justin is the Scoutmaster of a growing troop people who identify in ways we may not in a small midwestern town. At the annual personally identify ourselves. troop open house, Justin meets Taylor Bryce, an energetic 14 year old who is interested in ACT For Youth, a leading advocate of research learning what Scouting is all about. Taylor is and programs for healthy youth development, accompanied by parents who seem engaged and states that identity curious to see what the program has to offer. “...refers to our sense of who we are as During the open house, Justin notices that individuals and as members of social groups. Taylor seems very confident, curious, and Our identities are not simply our own creation: outgoing. He also notices that some of the identities grow in response to both internal younger Scouts in the troop are snickering and external factors. To some extent, each of and making jokes about Taylor’s long hair, us chooses an identity, but identities are also which is tied in a bun, whenever Taylor is formed by environmental forces out of our nearby. Taylor doesn't seem to notice. Justin control… Identity is dynamic and complex, thinks about addressing this behavior, but as and changes over time… All identities are not the night progresses, the snickering seems to equally valued by society, so some adolescents stop. With lots of other things to keep track may especially need reinforcement to help them of during the program, Justin decides they construct a positive sense of self.”24 were just kids being kids. Justin is very busy answering questions from youth and parents. We can create respect and trust by allowing Many are asking about the more inclusive BSA individuals and communities who experience membership policies, and Justin is proud to tell discrimination and exclusion to describe their them that the Troop welcomes everyone and identities using whatever language they prefer, that they are in the process of starting a troop even if we are not always familiar with the for girls. Every family Justin spoke with was terms they use. This helps promote belonging happy to hear this. by honoring the voices of those we are including into our movement without censoring people’s At the end of the open house, the Bryces tell self-expression or imposing our own biases and Justin they’re interested in registering with 14 the troop. Excited, Justin says to the parents: the floor. After an awkward pause, the Bryces “That's great to hear! We’ll get his registration tell Justin they’ll submit their paperwork soon. underway and he’ll officially be a Scout.” Justin Embarrassed, Justin thanks the family for then says to Taylor: “We look forward to having coming before they wave back to him and walk you in our troop.” Justin notices the parents out the door. looking at Taylor with uncertain expressions. “Is there anything you want to tell the Scoutmaster, After reading through this scenario, spend a few Taylor?” asked Mr. Bryce. Taylor nods and says minutes reflecting on the following questions: to Justin: “Thanks! I’m looking forward to it too! But, actually, I use ‘she’, not ‘he’.” Justin looks at What could Justin have done differently to Taylor with a confused expression. Before Justin prevent this uncomfortable situation? can say anything, Taylor says, “I’m a trans girl, so I use ‘she’ pronouns.” What values are at stake in this scenario?

Realizing what just happened, Justin quickly Can you relate to a similar situation in your own apologizes and tries to explain his confusion experience? and surprise: “Oh, I'm sorry, I—you look like a boy so that’s why I said ‘he’, I, uh—sorry about What would your next steps be if you were that...” Taylor interjects, saying: “It’s okay, it Justin? happens all the time,” as she looks down at 15 Part 2: A Framework for Inclusion and Belonging

we knew, or things we never even knew to ask about. “The mission of the Boy Scouts of America is to prepare young people to make ethical and moral choices over their lifetimes by What Do We “Know We instilling in them the values of the Scout Oath and Law.”26 Know”? ­— BSA Mission Statement We know Scouting helps young people develop into effective leaders and engaged citizens of character. Advancing inclusion and belonging means more than just saying the right thing. The Scout Oath We know the BSA’s Youth Protection training and Scout Law provide a framework for advanc- helps safeguard young people from physical, ing inclusion and belonging by helping us nav- emotional, sexual, and verbal abuse. 27 igate differences and discomfort with humility and curiosity while promoting lifelong growth We know The Guide to Safe Scouting facilitates and character development. high quality and safe programming. 28

The Scout Oath and Scout Law can promote But there are not many resources for ensuring awareness and effectiveness when we navigate we continue to advance inclusion and belonging between the four “kinds of knowing”: by working to transform old habits of discrimi- nation and exclusion. There are many things we 1. When you know what you know. know about implementing high-quality Scout- ing programs. Unfortunately, we may not always 2. When you know what you don’t know. know how to advance inclusion and belonging in those programs. We may not even know how 3. When you think you know, but may not or why our programs aren’t advancing inclusion really know. and belonging to the highest standards possible.

4. When you don’t know what you don’t know. All the ingredients of the Scouting program we know and love, including Youth Protection These four kinds of knowing help us clarify training and The Guide to Safe Scouting, are es- where our expertise ends, where our ignorance sential for advancing inclusion and belonging in begins, and how to respond with humility. We our movement. But even with these important are always negotiating between these kinds of resources, countless families and individuals knowing. When we are confident and secure have been, and continue to be, excluded from about what we know, we may feel proud of our our movement. While these resources are im- leadership and service. But sometimes it can portant, they alone are not enough to help us be uncomfortable to acknowledge that there advance inclusion and belonging toward a more are things we don’t know, things we thought vibrant Scouting future.

16 Learning What We “Don’t Harnessing the Scout Oath Know We Don’t Know” and Scout Law As business researcher and leadership expert The first step in advancing inclusion and be- Michael Roberto writes in his book, Know What longing in Scouting is to affirm our commitment You Don’t Know: How Great Leaders Prevent to the values of dignity, respect, and equality Problems Before They Happen 29, in order to for all. In order to take this step, we must un- change organizational habits, become aware of derstand how the Scout Oath and Law can help blind spots, and create new possibilities for the us communicate those values and practice them future, great leaders must become more famil- throughout our lives. These values must be iar with the fourth kind of knowing; what they rooted in our everyday actions and embedded “don’t know they don’t know”. According to within all aspects of our programs and activi- Roberto: ties.

“You must be willing to ask questions, seeking As the Scout Oath states: always to learn more about both the familiar and the unfamiliar.” 30 “On my honor I will do my best to do my “You must have the instinct to explore puzzling duty to God and my country and to obey questions that may challenge the conventional the Scout Law; To help other people at all wisdom.” 31 times; To keep myself physically strong, mentally awake, and morally straight.” “[You] must be willing to question your own ­— Boy Scout Handbook, prior judgments and conclusions.” 32 13th Edition, p.10

And…

“Most importantly of all, successful leaders do We believe that helping other people at all not see problems as threats. They see every times, keeping ourselves physically strong, problem as an opportunity to learn and im- mentally awake, and morally straight, requires prove.” 33 us to continually advance the values of inclu- sion and belonging in our movement. The Scout In order to advance inclusion and belonging in Law helps us do our best to embody our Oath by Scouting and transform old habits of discrimi- reminding us about the moral virtues of Scout- nation and exclusion, we’ll need to work togeth- ing: er with humility — even if that means acknowl- edging we need to learn more about certain subjects or revise old assumptions. Thankfully, “A Scout is trustworthy, loyal, helpful, the Scout Oath and Law can help us do that. friendly, courteous, kind, obedient, cheerful, thrifty, brave, clean, and reverent.” ­— Boy Scout Handbook, “The Scout Oath and Scout Law provide 13th Edition, p.13 guidelines for doing the right thing.” ­— The Boy Scout Handbook, In this section, each point of the Scout Law is 13th Edition, p.9 paired with an “Inclusive Scouting Reflection” (ISR). From this foundation, each component of

17 the Scout Oath will also be paired with its own As we will see, the Scout Oath and Law can help ISR. These questions help us see how our most us practice the kind of leadership Michael Rober- important Scouting values support us in advanc- to calls for in acting with humility and continual- ing inclusion and belonging, even as we navigate ly seeking opportunities for learning, growth, and between the four kinds of knowing, especially: transformation. While this framework can’t tell us exactly what to do in every situation, it can What we think we know, but may not really know. help us practice how to respond skillfully when faced with challenges and difficult topics while And… striving to embody the Scout Oath and Scout Law. What we don’t know we don’t know.

The Scout Law Inclusive Scouting Reflection (ISR)

A Scout is trustworthy. A Scout tells the Am I being honest about my biases and truth. He is honest, and he keeps his assumptions? promises. People can depend on him.

Am I committed to changing old habits by A Scout is loyal. A Scout is loyal to those honoring the leadership of people who’ve to whom loyalty is due. been excluded from Scouting?

A Scout is helpful. A Scout cares about Am I being of service to all, even those who other people. She helps others without are different from me or who challenge my expecting payment or reward. She fulfills assumptions? her duties to her family by helping at home.

A Scout is friendly. A Scout is a friend to all. They are a brother or sister to other Am I committed to advancing inclusion Scouts. They offer their friendship to and belonging even when it’s hard or people of all races, religions, and nations, uncomfortable? and they respect them even if their beliefs and customs are different from their own.

A Scout is courteous. A Scout is polite Am I seeing the dignity and worth of to people of all ages and positions. He others, even when they are different from understands that using good manners me or disagree with me? makes it easier for people to get along.

18 The Scout Law Inclusive Scouting Reflection (ISR)

A Scout is kind. A Scout treats others as Am I treating others merely how I want to she wants to be treated. She knows there is treat them? Or am I treating others how strength in being gentle. She does not harm they would like to be treated on their own or kill any living thing without good reason. terms?

Am I doing my best to practice obedience A Scout is obedient. A Scout follows the to the highest values of inclusion and rules of their family, school, and troop. They belonging for all? Or am I doing what I’m obey the laws of their community told, even if that means excluding and and country. harming people who are different than me?

A Scout is cheerful. A Scout looks for the Am I cultivating a positive outlook, or am bright side of life. He cheerfully does tasks I assuming Scouting isn’t a place where that come his way and tries his best to everyone can belong? make others happy, too.

A Scout is thrifty. A Scout works to pay Am I ensuring that Scouting is financially her way and to help others. She saves for accessible for everyone and that resources the future. She protects and conserves are working for the shared benefit of all? natural resources. She is careful in her use of time, money, and property.

A Scout faces danger A Scout is brave. Am I acknowledging my own blind spots, even if they are afraid. They do the right biases, and assumptions, even when they thing even when doing the wrong thing or are hard to admit? doing nothing would be easier.

A Scout is clean. A Scout keeps his body Am I protecting relationships and honoring and mind fit. He chooses friends who also my commitment to inclusion and belonging live by high standards. He avoids profanity with integrity? and obscenities. He helps keep his home and community clean.

A Scout is reverent. A Scout is reverent to- When situations are complex and challeng- ward God [and/or spiritual wisdom]. She is es are great, am I responding with humility faithful in her religious [or spiritual] duties. and curiosity? Am I aware of my interde- She respects the beliefs of others. pendence with others?

19 The Scout Oath Inclusive Scouting Reflection (ISR)

On my honor… Are my actions aligned with the values of By giving your word at the outset of the inclusion and belonging, even when no one Scout Oath, you are promising to be is watching? guided by its ideals.

I will do my best… Am I doing everything I can to cultivate Measure your achievements against inclusion and belonging in my Scouting your own high standards, and don’t be community? Have I searched for new influenced by peer pressure or what other possibilities and partnerships? people do.

To do my duty... Am I learning from my own mistakes and Duty is what others expect of you, but being accountable to communities who’ve more importantly, it is what you expect of been excluded? yourself.

to God… Each person must discern what “God” and You can do your duty to God by practicing “Reverence” means for them. Everyone can spiritual wisdom and by defending the ask: Am I cultivating the spiritual wisdom of rights of others to practice their own complexity, humility, and interconnection to beliefs. align my actions and values?

and my country... When you do all you can for your family and How can I leverage Scouting to enhance community, you are serving your country. civic engagement for a more just, fair, and Making the most of your opportunities will equitable society for all? help shape our nation’s future.

and to obey the Scout Law… Am I taking time to reflect on how the When you obey the Scout Law, other virtues of the Scout Law help me practice people will respect you for the way you live, inclusion and belonging in my everyday and you will respect yourself. actions?

20 The Scout Oath Inclusive Scouting Reflection (ISR)

To help other people at all times… Am I doing my part to ensure that Scouting By helping out whenever you can, you are is the force for good, service, and justice making the world better. that it should be?

Am I treating my body in a way that To keep myself physically strong… supports a healthy and courageous life? Am Taking care of your body prepares you for a I strengthening my ability to serve all who lifetime of great adventures. are excluded and marginalized?

mentally awake… Be curious about everything around you, Am I vigilant about learning how exclusion and never stop learning. Work hard to and discrimination continues to occur in our make the most of your abilities. With an Scouting movement? Do I bring a sense inquiring attitude and the willingness to ask of curiosity to my own challenges and the questions, you can learn much about the challenges of others? world around you and your role in it.

Are my actions and relationships aligned and morally straight… Your relationships with others should be with the deepest values of Scouting? Do I honest and open. Respect and defend the honor and protect the right for all to live rights of all people. with moral integrity, even when they are different than me?

“Character also relates to how you make This framework enhances our ability to provide decisions, especially when the right path to support, safety, and opportunities for margin- alized and excluded Scouts and Scouters in the follow is not clear. Common sense, ethics, event that their families, schools, or other spac- wisdom, and good judgment help you make es do not. We must never forget that, through good choices and allow you to do your best Scouting, we are helping to grow the leaders of with what you know.” tomorrow. Every step of the way, we should be thinking about our own behavior, the examples ­— The Boy Scout Handbook, we’re setting, and how we demonstrate our val- 13th Edition, p.44 ues through our actions.

21 Part 3: Inclusion and Belonging in Action

A framework for advancing inclusion and belong- they belong in Scouting, even though they’re a ing that is rooted in the Scout Oath and Law can girl, a member of the LGBTQ+ community, an guide our actions as we move between the differ- atheist, agnostic, or humanist, a person with ent kinds of knowing. But what other guidelines a disability, or a refugee—and you hesitate— and actions can facilitate inclusion and belonging you’ve already made them feel like they don’t in alignment with these values? In this section, we belong. Instead of wondering what you’re go- offer best-practices and guidelines to help further ing to have to do to make them feel welcome, advance inclusion and belonging in our move- simply say “Yes, of course you belong here.” ment. You’ll have plenty of time to figure out details later, and you’ll have the added benefit of that individual or family assisting you in doing the Best-Practices right thing.

Unfortunately, there’s no golden policy or single 4. Don’t jump to conclusions or make as- playbook for living the values of inclusion and be- sumptions. Just because someone looks a cer- longing. Life will always be more complex and nu- tain way or talks a certain way doesn’t mean anced than that! However, there are a few practi- you should make any assumptions about their cal best-practices you can turn to with confidence: background or identity. Acknowledge your po- tential biases and think before you speak! 1. Seek first to understand. If we can’t under- stand the viewpoints of others, how can we hope to connect in meaningful ways and build Thinking Practically relationships which reflect the values of the Scout Oath and Law? The “Appendix” sec- We can think about how to advance inclusion and tion at the end of this guide provides a strong belonging in our unique Scouting environments foundation for building greater understanding by asking ourselves these questions next time we across several areas of inclusion and belong- may not know the best way to move forward in ing. any given situation. In addition to asking these questions to ourselves, we should also share 2. Meet people where they are. Given the them in dialogue with other Scouts and Scouters: discriminatory history of the BSA, chances are high that not everyone is committed to 1. Are there any ways in which this situation advancing inclusion and belonging in our might detract from creating welcoming envi- movement. Those people are who we should be ronments for all people? striving to speak with the most! It is important that we create opportunities for strong rela- 2. Are there any ways in which this situation tionships and honest communication so that can help create a welcoming environment of everyone has the opportunity to learn, chal- inclusion and belonging for all people? lenge old habits, and live Scouting's deepest values. 3. Are there any ways in which this situation might be a barrier to growing membership in 3. Always start with “yes”. If someone asks if Scouting? 22 Spirit of Adventure Council

4. Are there any ways in which this situation Scouting has been using these facilities for a long could help grow membership in the BSA? time. Over that time, strong policies have been developed to help ensure privacy for all. The 5. Assuming good intentions, why might some- Guide to Safe Scouting should always be the go-to one act this way, say this thing, or create such reference for how to maintain privacy and digni- a policy in this situation? ty in communal situations. However, it is import- ant to be mindful of how these policies can be In general, our policies and practices must align used to advance inclusion and belonging as well with the core values of inclusion and belonging, as privacy and safety for all. with the wisdom of The Guide to Safe Scouting, and with Youth Protection guidelines. When Shower and Bathroom Facilities these complementary resources work together in harmony, we advance inclusion and belonging for • Many Scouting facilities have already con- all in Scouting and beyond. verted from open bay style showers to indi- vidual showers and changing stalls. This is the best option for maintaining dignity and Policies and Protocol privacy for all. As long as personal respect and integrity are actively practiced through In this section, we address some common ques- the Scout Oath and Law, it shouldn’t matter tions about how to conduct the Scouting pro- who is showering beside whom in a private gram in light of more inclusive policies and in shower stall situation. ways that promote belonging for all. In general, these questions usually focus on accomodations • Private showers and changing stalls can be for showers, sleeping arrangements, and personal built inexpensively with PVC or thin metal privacy in general. piping and shower curtains that are replaced as they become worn or torn. More perma- Fortunately, not much needs to change! nent facility modifications utilizing door 23 frames, walls or opaque glass can be imple- es a desire to not share tent space with a mented as time and budgets permit. specific person. In situations like these, the unit leader should accommodate requests • We should not introduce sexual orientation to the extent that is possible, reasonable, into current practices of age and gender and in alignment with our Scouting val- separation for shower and restroom facilities. ues of safety, inclusion and belonging for Someone’s orientation does not imply that in- all. We must be able to respect difference teractions or activities with other BSA mem- without reverting to exclusion. This may bers involve any ‘attraction’ to anyone else. mean approaching the unit committee to Rather than segregating members on the ba- obtain additional equipment as needed for sis of sexual orientation—which would almost recurring situations of individual accom- certainly create an exclusionary environment modation requests. If the accommodations and increase the likelihood of bullying—a being requested are not logistically possi- better option would be to encourage any indi- ble, reasonable, or in alignment with the vidual who feels uncomfortable for any rea- values of safety, inclusion, and belonging, son to use facilities at a time when the cause the individual making the request should be of their personal discomfort is no longer a informed that their request is not possible factor in using that facility. Regardless of an to meet so that they can consider other op- individual’s identity, it is not necessary to ask tions as needed. For example, perhaps they about specific reasons for personal discomfort can bring their own equipment. unless safety is a concern. If you have reason to believe that personal safety is at risk or if • Cabins bullying is occurring, you need to discuss this with the individual as well as other adult lead- »» For the most part, BSA already maximizes ers and plan accordingly. privacy in cabin sleeping situations to the extent possible. If private changing areas Sleeping Arrangements are required or desired in a cabin camping situation, this can be easily accomplished • Tents through visual barriers inside the sleep- ing facility. Similar to the makeshift pri- »» One of the primary points to remember in vate shower stalls, a little PVC pipe, some tenting situations is that tent-mates are of- shower curtains, and a corner of a cabin ten not assigned, they are chosen by the in- can make a suitable changing area for dividuals involved. If this is the case in your those who appreciate such an option. Ad- unit, there is really not much consideration ditionally, a few pieces of rope with plastic that needs to be expended on sleeping ar- drop cloths or blankets can produce the rangements beyond the scope of The Guide same outcome without much effort, cost, to Safe Scouting. Many types of people have or prior planning. You might have noticed, been involved in the Scouting program for these solutions would also function as many years. Now, we might just have more great service projects and opportunities to insight into each other as fellow Scouts and practice Scouting skills! Scouters than we might have had before. As already stated, the provisions of The Guide to »» For a number of reasons, ranging from Safe Scouting must be maintained at all Scouting simple personality preferences (e.g. “I don’t events and meetings. Adherence to these provi- get along well with that person”) to deep sions will take care of almost all of your privacy cultural differences (e.g. “I feel more com- needs. Really, it's pretty simple! If you find fortable tenting with someone who shares yourself trying to solve what seem like really my religious practices”), there may be difficult problems in regards to facility priva- situations where a Scout or parent express- cy, it might be a sign to take a step back and 24 consider whether it’s really that difficult of a problem to solve. We must always be prepared to support Scouts and Scouters regardless of who they are. As If the privacy issues involves a Scout, remember leaders, we should always do our best to avoid that parents can be important sources of knowl- comments and actions that might create commu- edge and insight. Ask the Scout’s parents to be nication barriers between us. We should always allies in navigating whatever challenges and think very carefully about whether the things we opportunities arise. In many cases, parents can say or do are facilitating the creation of welcom- spot simple and elegant solutions when we don’t ing environments or detracting from it. know where to turn or how to proceed.

For more detailed resources and best-practices Putting It All Together: for creating inclusive and welcoming environ- ments for those who have been—and continue to Scenario Revisited be—excluded from Scouting, please see the “Ap- Let’s return to the case of Justin and the Troop pendix: Resources for Further Learning” section Open House from Part 1. at the end of this guide. How could Justin have handled this situation in a way that created a more inclusive and welcoming Be Prepared environment for Taylor and her family? Will there be times when we’re confronted with challenges and opportunities that make us feel Justin felt embarrassed and ashamed that this uncertain, confused, or even uncomfortable? Of awkward moment happened at the troop open course! But Scouting’s values help us capitalize house. As people who are reading the case, it’s on these opportunities, learn from challenges obvious that Justin didn't mean to make Taylor or and mistakes, and do our best to make the world her family feel uncomfortable. In fact, Justin was a more just and caring place for all. trying to be welcoming and he immediately tried

25 to apologize for his mistake. However, Justin’s important habit to acquire, but the Scout Oath assumption that it would be okay to ignore the and Law help us do exactly that. Doing our best younger Scouts who were snickering at Taylor’s to help others feel included and welcome means hair (e.g. “They are just kids being kids”) opens living the Oath and Law by cultivating an open, the door for future bullying and exclusion. His non-judgemental attitude about behaviors, assumption that Taylor used “he”, “him”, and identities, and personal expressions that differ “his” pronouns, or that he could assume Taylor’s from our own. gender identity simply based on what he thought Taylor looked like, are all examples of how habits We must support each other in practicing these and assumptions can create barriers to advancing values. Creating a culture of learning and ac- inclusion and belonging in Scouting. countability among those who already feel like they belong in Scouting is vital for advancing Justin meant no harm, and he would affirm that inclusion and belonging for all. Scouting should be a more inclusive movement where everyone knows they belong. Justin did Guided by our highest values, we can continue not mean to alienate Taylor or her parents, and creating welcoming environments and be pre- he would certainly say he’d never intentionally pared for interactions like the one that caught discriminate against the LGBTQ+ community. Justin off-guard. Fortunately, with some train- However, it is important to remember that ev- ing, practice, and a few small changes in proto- eryone who participates in Scouting is unique, col, we can advance inclusion and belonging in and it is impossible to know with certainty if a our movement to ensure families like Taylor’s Scout, Scouter, or relative identifies as LGBTQ+ can benefit from everything Scouting has to of- or not. fer. And, even more importantly, we can ensure that Scouting benefits from Taylor's participa- Justin might have avoided this situation if he tion in the program as well. had practiced the Scout Oath and Law as part of a framework for advancing inclusion and be- longing. If these values had been instilled with- We All Make Mistakes in every aspect of the troop, Justin may have been more skilled in constructively addressing potential bullying behaviors. He may have also “Along the way, you will have both been more familiar with using gender neu- successes and failures, and you will learn tral (e.g. “they”, “them”, “their”) pronouns, or from each experience.” avoiding unnecessary use of gendered pronouns ­— Boy Scout Handbook, (e.g. “We’ll get this registration underway, and 13th Edition, p.33 you’ll officially be a Scout!”). Even if Justin had accidently used incorrect pronouns, practicing the framework for inclusion and belonging may have prepared him to be less confused and/ When we make mistakes, the value of an apol- or surprised, and instead be more skillful and ogy cannot be overstated. No one is perfect, inclusive when Taylor let him know about the and apologies help us demonstrate respect and mistake (e.g. making a simple apology without learning. If we are corrected by fellow Scouts anxiously stumbling over his words). and Scouters when we make a mistake, we should thank them for helping us improve! Apologies and respectful reminders can help Creating a Culture of diffuse even the most challenging situations and promote learning for all as we move forward Learning in advancing inclusion and belonging through Learning how to advance inclusion and belong- high quality Scouting programs. ing when we feel surprised or confused is an

26 Art by Sarah Hada

27 Conclusion

As we know, it takes a lot of time and practice Practicing Our Values: to truly live Scouting’s most fundamental val- ues. Transforming the BSA into an organization Learning And Improving which is inclusive and affirms belonging for all Together will involve changing old habits and revising incorrect assumptions about those we have ex- As Scouts and Scouters, we accept responsi- cluded. This may seem complicated or daunting bility to care for one another and help ensure at first, but by recalling our cherished Scouting everyone has a safe environment to develop values in new light, the path toward advancing social-emotional learning, leadership, and cit- inclusion and belonging in Scouting is bright izenship skills. We practice by embodying the and filled with exciting possibilities for all par- values of the Scout Oath and Law. As we have ticipants, families, communities—and for our seen, the Oath and Law can help us advance entire country. By living Scouting’s fundamental inclusion and belonging by reminding us of our values, we advance inclusion and belonging for values, cultivating self-awareness, and by guid- all, and we help Scouting become the powerful ing us through the four kinds of knowing. force for good and justice that it can, and should, be. It is important to remember that no matter how many Youth Protection trainings we hold, how As Robert Baden-Powell wrote: many anti-bullying policies we implement, or how many times we say we value inclusion and “In all of this, it is the spirit that matters. Our belonging, the only truly sustainable way to ad- Scout Law and [Oath], when we really put them vance inclusion and belonging in our movement into practice, take away all occasion for wars is to embody our values in all of our actions, all and strife among nations.” 34 of the time, everyday, to the best of our ability.

Inclusive Scouting Award: www.scoutsforequality.org/isa

28 Appendix: Resources for Further Learning

We’ve provided a curated list of resources advancing inclusion and belonging for all: for learning how to advance inclusion and belonging for specific communities which • Diversity, Inclusion, and Belonging in have been, and continue to be, excluded from Scouting Scouting. • Bullying Items are listed alphabetically in each section. Digital readers can click the hyperlinks • Race, Ethnicity, and Culture provided. Print readers can use the information provided to find each resource online. All • Gender digital and print readers can also access these resources for free by visiting the Scouts For • Sexuality Equality website at: www.scoutsforequality.org/ guide • Physical, Mental, and Emotional Ability

Each section is divided by criss-crossing and • Spirituality, Religion, and Reverence interconnected “domains” which are vital to 29 While these resources are not intended to Scouts For Equality: Inclusive Scouting Award be comprehensive, they establish a strong foundation for lifelong learning and character The Scout Association: Diversity Dictionary development guided by the Scout Oath and Law. https://members.scouts.org.uk.

Take your time becoming familiar with all of the The Scout Association: Scouting For All information provided. We recommend skimming Workbook each resource first to help gauge your current Originally accessed at https://members.scouts.org. level of knowledge and understanding. Then, uk/factsheets/ASW7.pdf. you can return to specific resources for more in-depth engagement informed by your unique The Scout Association: How to Create Inclusive experience and environment. Training Environments https://members.scouts.org.uk. Once you are familiar with all of the resources in each section, take some time on your own, or World Organization of the Scout Movement: with fellow Scouts and Scouters (or both!), to Diversity & Inclusion Position Paper reflect on the four questions below. You may Originally accessed at https://www.scout.org/ choose to write down your reflections, explore node/430146. them through a creative project, through shared dialogue with others, or by contemplating each World Organization of the Scout Movement: question over a period of time: Peace and Human Rights Education in Scouting Originally accessed at https://www.scout.org/ 1. What did you learn from these resources that peaceandhumanrights. you didn’t know before? World Organization of the Scout Movement: 2. Is there some content you don’t agree with? Better World Framework Originally accessed at https://www.scout.org/ 3. What would you like to learn more about? better-world-framework.

4. How can you use what you learned to advance inclusion and belonging in your Bullying Scouting environment? Fenway Health: The Unhealthy Impact of Bullying on LGBT Youth Diversity, Inclusion, and https://www.fenwayhealth.org. Belonging in Scouting Making Caring Common: How Parents Can Cultivate Empathy in Children McKinsey & Company: Delivering Through Originally accessed at https://mcc.gse.harvard. Diversity edu/links/how-parents-can-cultivate-empathy- Originally accessed at https://www.mckinsey.com/ children. about-us/inclusion- and-diversity. Making Caring Common: Bullying Prevention Scouts For Equality: Be Prepared: Guide to Tips Coming Out for Scouts and Scouters Originally accessed at https://mcc.gse.harvard. Also available at https://www.scoutsforequality. edu/resources-by-topic/bias-bullying. org/comingout. StopBullying.gov: Myths About Bullying Scouts For Equality: Creating Welcoming https://www.stopbullying.gov. Environments for All Scouts 2.0

30 StopBullying.gov: Youth Engagement Toolkit Public Broadcasting Service: Race: The Power of https://www.stopbullying.gov. An Illusion https://www.pbs.org. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration: Guidance for a Trauma- Teaching Tolerance: Let’s Talk! Discussing Race, Informed Approach Racism and Other Difficult Topics With Students https://www.samhsa.gov. The Institute for Democratic Renewal and The Boy Scouts of America: Youth Protection The Project Change Anti-Racism Initiative: A Infographic Community Builder’s Toolkit Originally accessed at https://www.scouting.org/ Originally accessed at https://www. training/youth- protection. racialequitytools.org/resourcefiles/idr.pdf.

The Boy Scouts of America: Creating A Bullying The People’s Institute for Survival and Beyond: Free Culture in Scouting Anti-Racist Principles Originally accessed at https://www.scouting.org/ training/youth- protection/bullying. Gender The Boy Scouts of America: Providing Support to Scouts Who Are Bullied American Camp Association: Checklist for Originally accessed at https://www.scouting.org/ Gender Inclusive Practices at Camp training/youth- protection/bullying. Originally accessed at https://www.acacamps.org/ downloads/checklist-gender-inclusive-practives- The Scout Association: Together We Can Beat camp. Bullying https://members.scouts.org.uk. American Camp Association: Does Your Camp Reinforce, Resist, or Relieve Gender Stereotypes? Race, Ethnicity, and Culture https://www.acacamps.org/resource-library. Making Caring Common: Race, Culture, and American Camp Association: How Can Camps Ethnicity Support Transgender Youth? Originally accessed at https://mcc.gse.harvard. https://www.acacamps.org/news-publications edu/resources-for-educators. LGBT Youth Scotland: A Coming Out Guide for Massachusetts Institute of Technology: How Trans Young People (and How Not) to Engage Stakeholders in Originally accessed at https://www.lgbtyouth. Charting a Course org.uk/groups-and-support/lgbt-advice-centre/ https://web.mit.edu/cpsproject. coming-out.

Indian Country Today: Boy Scouts Playing Making Caring Common: Reducing Misogyny Indians and Sexual Harassment https://www.newsmaven.io/indiancountrytoday. https://mcc.gse.harvard.edu.

Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies: Making Caring Common: Teen Girls and Race Relations and Racial Justice Organizations Leadership Biases Originally accessed at https://www. Originally accessed at https://mcc.gse.harvard. racialequitytools.org/resourcefiles/p otapchuk2. edu/reports/leaning-out. pdf.

31 Promundo: A Curriculum Promoting a Gender- Teaching Tolerance: Best Practices for Serving Equitable Future of Manhood LGBTQ Students Originally accessed at https://www. https://www.tolerance.org. promundoglobal.org/resources/manhood-2-0- curriculum. The Scout Association: Sexual Orientation https://members.scouts.org.uk. Transcending Boundaries: Intersex 101 https://www.transcendingboundaries.org. Physical, Mental, and The Scout Association: Gender Identity- Introduction Emotional Ability American Camp Association: Working With University of Nebraska: Trans Ally Guide Children With Special Needs https://Lgbtqa.unl.edu. https://www.acacamps.org/resource-library.

British Dyslexia Association: Understanding Sexuality Neurodiversity Advocates for Youth: Adolescent Sexual Health https://www.bdadyslexia.org.uk and the Dynamics of Oppression https://www.advocatesforyouth.org. Mitsubishi Foundation and IncludingAllKids.org: Paths to Inclusion Advocates for Youth: Respecting the Rights of Originally accessed at https://www.meaf.org/images/ GLBTQ Youth uploads/documents/pdf/Paths_to_Inclusion.pdf. https://www.advocatesforyouth.org. Mobility International USA: Models of Disability Advocates for Youth: Tips and Tricks for Meeting the Needs of LGBTQ Youth of Color Partners for Youth with Disabilities: Mentoring https://www.advocatesforyouth.org. Youth with Disabilities https://www.pyd.org. American Camp Association: Creating A Safe Environment for LGBT Campers and Staff The Boy Scouts of America: Disabilities Awareness https://www.acacamps.org/resource-library https://www.scouting.org/programs/boy-scouts/ disabilities. Human Rights Campaign: Coming Out As Bisexual Originally accessed at https://www.hrc.org/ The Boy Scouts of America: Scouting With Special resources/resource-guide-to-coming-out-as- Needs and Disabilities bisexual. https://www.scouting.org/programs/boy-scouts/ disabilities. Making Caring Common: The Talk https://mcc.gse.harvard.edu/reports/the-talk. The Scout Association: Reasonable Adjustments https://members.scouts.org.uk. New England Asexuals: Asexuality- A Brief Introduction The Scout Association: Successfully Supporting https://www.neaces.org. Scouts with Additional Needs https://members.scouts.org.uk. Sexuality Information and Education Council: Comprehensive Sexuality Education United Cerebral Palsy of Delaware: A Camp For https://www.siecus.org. Everyone https://www.ucpde.org

32 Scouts For Equality: FAQ- A Scout is Reverent Spirituality, Religion, and The Scout Association: Rise To the Challenge Reverence https://members.scouts.org.uk. Association for Clinical Pastoral Education: The Scout Association: The Promise and Spiritual Care of the Nonreligious Reverence https://www.acpe.edu. https://members.scouts.org.uk. Interfaith Alliance: Ethic of Reciprocity University of Minnesota: Freedom of Religion Originally accessed at https://www. and Belief interfaithalliance.org/cms/assets/ Originally accessed at https://hrlibrary.umn.edu/ uploads/2016/09/Ethic-of-Reciprocity.pdf. edumat/studyguides/religion.html. Interfaith Alliance and the Religious Freedom University of Minnesota: Lifting the Spirit- Education Project: What is the Truth About Human Rights and Freedom of Religion or Belief American Muslims? Originally accessed at https://hrlibrary.umn.edu/ https://www.tolerance.org. edumat/hreduseries/TB5/lifting.html. Center for Lesbian and Gay Studies in Religion US Department of Justice: Combating Religious and Ministry: Transitioning to Inclusion Discrimination Today Originally accessed at https://www.psr.edu/ Originally accessed at https://www.justice.gov/crt/ category/center-for-lesbian-and-gay-studies-in- file/877936/download. religion-and-ministry.

33 17. “Diversity Dictionary”, The Scout References Association.

1. The Boy Scout Handbook. 13th ed. Irving, 18. “Bias.” Oxford English Dictionaries. TX: Boy Scouts of America, 2016. Note: This reference applies to all excerpts from The Boy 19. Banaji, Mahzarin R., and Anthony G. Scout Handbook contained in this guide. Greenwald. Blindspot: Hidden Biases of Good People. New York: Bantam Books, 2016: 10. 2. 2018 Inclusive Scouting Survey. Scouts for Equality. 20. Banaji and Greenwald, 12.

3. Baden-Powell, Robert. “Baden-Powell’s Last 21. “Stereotype.” Oxford English Dictionaries. Messages.” U.S. Scouting Service Project (USSSP). 22. “Diversity Dictionary”, The Scout Association. 4. “Inclusion.” Oxford English Dictionaries. 23. “Identity.” Oxford English Dictionaries. 5. “Inclusion in Scouting.” World Organization of the Scout Movement. Issuu. February 16, 2017: 1. 24. “Adolescent Identity Development.” Act For Youth. 6. “Inclusion in Scouting”, 2. 25. This is a composite scenario with fictional 7. “Belonging.” Oxford English Dictionaries. characters based on multiple experiences which are likely to occur in many Scouting 8. Powell, John A., and Stephen Menendian. “The environments. Problem of Othering: Towards Inclusiveness and Belonging.” Othering and 26.“Mission & Vision.” Boy Scouts of America. Belonging. 2016. 27. “Youth Protection.” Boy Scouts of America. 9. “Diversity.” Oxford English Dictionaries. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ 28. The Guide to Safe Scouting. Boy Scouts of diversity. 29. Roberto, Michael A. Know What You Don’t 10. “Diversity Dictionary.” The Scout Know: How Great Leaders Prevent Problems Association. Before They Happen. Philadelphia, Pa: Wharton School, 2009. 11. “Diversity in Scouting.” World Organization of the Scout Movement. Issuu. February16, 2017: 30. Roberto, 189. 2. 31. Roberto, 189. 12. “Equality.” Oxford English Dictionaries. 32. Roberto, 189. 13. “Diversity Dictionary”, The Scout Association. 33. Roberto, 196. 14. “Exclude.” Oxford English Dictionaries. 34. Baden-Powell, Robert. “Baden-Powell On the 15. “Diversity Dictionary”, The Scout Association. World Brotherhood Of Scouting.” Scouting Magazine. Irving, TX: Boy Scouts of 16. “Discrimination.” Oxford English America, 1976: 30. Dictionaries.

34 Image designed by Rainbow Scouting Austria (rainbowscouting.at)

35