International Journal of Agricultural Science Research Vol. 2(9), pp. 279-282, September 2013 Available online at http://academeresearchjournals.org/journal/ijasr ISSN 2327-3321 ©2013 Academe Research Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Prevalence and intensity of intestinal nematodes in goat (Capra hircus) from region, Province of ,

Driss Lamrioui, Taoufik Hassouni*, Driss Belghyti, Jaouad Mostafi, Youssef El Madhi and Driss Lamri

Laboratoire d’Environnement et Energies renouvelables. Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofail. B.P. 133, CP 14000, Kenitra, Maroc.

Accepted 2 September, 2013

This study was conducted between December 2009 and November 2010 in oriental region, and 120 local goats were examined by helminthological autopsy for the identification of parasitic nematode. Six species of parasites were identified as follows: Trichostrongylus colubriformis (52.50%), Téladorsagia circumcincta (48.33%), Skrjabinema ovis (42.50%), Trichuris ovis (23.33%), Haemonchus contortus (19.16%) and Nematodirus spathiger (18.33%). The absence of liver flukes was noted, and parasite intensities were very high for species H. contortus (63), N. spathiger (62.37) and S. ovis (51.5). Overall, the mean parasite intensity was higher in female hosts than in male hosts. Seasonal dynamics of parasites indicated that the season has no significant influence on the parasitism prevalence.

Key words: Goats, prevalence, nematodes, parasite, seasonal, Figuig.

INTRODUCTION

Figuig is a province in the oriental region of Morocco, 42.43% in Abakaliki metropolis in Nigeria (Nwigwe et al., characterized by small ruminant livestock. Among the 2013). species most frequently encountered are the black races This study aimed to determine the prevalence of goats. Small ruminants have an important economic and gastrointestinal nematodes among local goats and to social role. In many areas of Africa, raising of livestock is evaluate the influence of seasons on infestation rate in an important economic activity from which food and cash Figuig province (Oriental of Morocco). income are derived. Meat is one of the most important livestock products, although there could be loss of it due MATERIALS AND METHODS to the presence of helminthes parasites. They are a major cause of health problems in goats. They cause the This study was conducted in the province of Figuig during animals to be unthrifty which may include the loss of the grazing season for a period of 12 months. A total of weight, low birth weights, and difficulty in kidding. Due to 120 black goats were examined immediately after parasitism, the animals become susceptible to other slaughter. The intestines were collected and knot was health problems which can lead to death (Ijaz et al., given at the starting of the duodenum and at the ending 2008; Amadi et al., 2012). of the rectum. After shifting to the laboratory, the According to Yayarm (2002), goats harbour a variety of intestines were cut along the log axis with the help of gastrointestinal parasites, many of which are shared by scissors and the internal mucus membranes were also both species. In Morocco, little information is available thoroughly examined. Parasites were collected according about the infection rate, diversity and intensity of to the procedures by Urquhart et al. (1996). Collected helminthes. In the other countries, examination of helminths of Capra hircus was done and the results showed that the overall prevalence of helminth infection was 82% in goat from Pakistan (Ayaz et al., 2013) and *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Lamrioui et al. 280

Table 1. Characteristic of parasite intensity according to Bilong-Bilong and Njine (1998).

Parasite intensity Characteristic I < 10 Very low 10 < I < 50 Low 50 < I < 100 Medium I > 100 High

Table 2. Prevalence of parasite according to sex.

Specie Sex Uninfested host Infested host (Prevalence) Total Statistics analysis Female 32 36 (52.94%) 68 χ²=0.012 T. colubriformis ddl=1 Male 27 25 (48.08%) 52 p=0.912

Female χ²= 0.333 52 16 (23.53%) 68 N. Spathiger ddl=1 Male 46 6 (11.54%) 52 p=0.629

Female 51 17 (25%) 68 χ²= 0.569 T. ovis ddl=1 Male 41 11 (21.15%) 52 p=0.451

Female χ²= 0.738 56 12 (17.65%) 68 H. contortus ddl=1 Male 41 11 (21.15%) 52 p=0.390

Female 38 30 (44.12%) 68 χ²= 0.554 S. ovis ddl=1 Male 31 21 (40.38%) 52 p=0.457

Female 36 32 (47.06%) 68 χ²= 0.045 T. circumcincta ddl=1 Male 26 26 (50%) 52 p=0.832

parasites were washed several times in normal saline, (48.33%), S. ovis (42.50%), T. ovis (23.33%), H. and nematodes were preserved in luke-warm 70% contortus (19.16%) and N. spathiger (18.33%). This alcohol. Nematodes were identified following the keys finding is in agreement with that of the research and descriptions given by Soulsby (1982). conducted in Tunisia and the Moroccan Middle atlas Chi square (χ2) was used to detect significant (Aziza, 1986; Laouali, 1992). The relationship between differences between the infection and studied factors at the infection and sex of goats was studied and there was 5% level of significance. SPSS 11.5 for Windows was no significant relationship between them (Table 2). used to do the statistical analyses. The intensity and In this study, female has higher mean intensity than abundance of parasite infection was performed according male. According to Bilong-Bilong and Njine (1998), the to Margolis et al. (1982) and analysed using the mean parasite intensity is low for the following species: T. classification of Bilong-Bilong and Njine (1998) (Table 1). colubriformis, T. ovis and T. circumcin. The abundance varies in the same way as parasitic intensity (Table 3). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In this study, male has higher prevalence than female in all examined livestock animals. Apio et al. (2006) Overall, 79% of the studied goats were carrying explained these greater parasite intensities with nematodes infection, and these parasites comprised: hormones, in that they debilitate immune functions, Trichostrongylus colubriformis (52.50%), T. circumcincta thereby favoring the growth and success of parasites. Int. J. Agric. Sci. Res. 281

Table 3. Epidemiological index of parasitic nematodes in Capra hircus (local goat).

Parasite specie Sex Number of parasites Uninfested host Mean intensity (Im) Abundance (A) Female 1066 36 (52.94%) 29.61 15.67 T. colubriformis Male 490 25 (48.08%) 19.60 09.42

Female 998 16 (23.53%) 62.37 14.67 N.Spathiger Male 250 6 (11.54%) 41.66 04.80

Female 210 17 (25%) 12.35 03.08 Trichuris ovis Male 111 11 (21.15%) 10.09 02.13

Female 756 12 (17.65%) 63 11011 H.contortus Male 699 11 (21.15%) 63.54 13.44

S.Ovis Female 1545 30 (44.12%) 51.50 22 .72 Male 755 21 (40.38%) 35.95 14.51

Female 843 32 (47.06%) 26.34 12.39 T.circumcincta Male 632 26 (50%) 24.30 12.15

25 Trichostrongylus.colubriformis 20 Némathodirus.spathiger

15 Hamonchus.contortus

10 Skrjabinema.ovis 5 Trichuris. ovis 0 Téladorsagia.Circumsincta

Figure 1. Prevalence of nematodes of goats in Figuig Region.

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