Una Propuesta Desde La Cultura Cañari

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Una Propuesta Desde La Cultura Cañari VICENTE ZARUMA Q. WAKANMAY (ALIENTO SAGRADO) VICENTE ZARUMA Q. WAKANMAY (ALIENTO SAGRADO) Perspectivas de teología india Una propuesta desde la cultura Cañari 2006 WAKANMAY / (ALIENTO SAGRADO) Perspectivas de teología india Una propuesta desde la cultura Cañari VICENTE ZARUMA Q. Primera Edición: Ediciones Abya-Yala Av. 12 de Octubre 14-30 y Wilson Casilla 17-12-719 Telf. 2 506-247 / 2 506-251 Fax: 2 506-267 / 2 506-255 e-mail: [email protected] [email protected] http://www.abyayala.org Quito- Ecuador Diagramación: Ediciones Abya-Yala Quito-Ecuador Portada: Jorge W. Zaruma Q. Fotos: José Miguel Acero ISBN 10: 9978-22-623-0 ISBN 13: 978-9978-22-623-0 Impresión: Producciones digitales Abya-Yala Quito-Ecuador Impreso en Quito-Ecuador, agosto de 2006 Un aporte de la Fundación de Investigación Histórica Antropológica y Cultural de la Nación Kañari Zara-Uma Fundada mediante acuerdo del Ministerio de Educación N. 1624 Del 25 de marzo de 1994. Namangoza 122 y Buerán. Fax: (07) 2802325 Teléfonos: 2802325 - 2803026 Cañar – Cuenca - Ecuador Esta obra fue presentada por Vicente Wakansamay Zaruma Quizhpilema como disertación inau- gural para obtener el doctorado en Teología Dogmática, bajo el título: “La Celebración de la vida a la luz del Misterio Pascual en la cultura Kañari”,en la Pontificia Facultad Teológica de Sicilia “San Giovanni Evangelista” , Palermo, Italia. Decano: Prof. Dr. Antonino Raspanti; Director de la tesis: Prof. Dr. Cosimo Scordato; Primer Asesor: Prof. Dr. Pietro Sorci; Segundo Asesor: Prof. Dr. Rino La Delfa. Fecha de examen de doctorado: 15 de junio de 2005. AGRADECIMIENTO A Dios, Gran Espíritu, Wanagi, Pachakamak, cuya voz siento en los vientos, cuyo aliento da vida a todo mi ser; vengo hacia Ti, como tu hijo para pedir tu protección. Oh, Gran Espíritu, enséñame a ser sabio, para conocer los secretos de mi ser, para seguir las huellas de mi pueblo, y así lle- gar a la eternidad. Haz que mis manos respeten lo que tú has creado; haz que mis oídos escuchen tu voz; haz que mis pies caminen sendas rec- tas y haz que mi corazón esté abierto al infinito. A mi querida familia: mi madre y hermanos; a la memo- ria de mi padre y hermano, por su apoyo y cariño brindados a lo largo de mi vida, ya que sin el apoyo de ellos no hubiera sido po- sible sacar a la luz los sueños de mis antepasados Cañaris. DEDICATORIA A los pueblos indígenas de Abya Yala, especialmente al pueblo Cañari, que no discrimina a ninguno, ni se avergüenza de nadie, y comparte sus sufrimientos y alegrías. A ese indio que se emborracha, con siete lluvias, y luego de una década de sequía sigue esperándolas; a ese indio, que a pesar de su pobreza no pierde el sentido del compartir. A ese Cañari que surca la tierra con sus propias manos y carga en su espalda, luego de la cosecha, ese trigo que luego com- parte y se convierte en una celebración festiva. A ese Cañari que por muchos siglos ha permanecido ca- llado, tantas veces, pisoteado, maltratado, humillado, sin espe- ranza; forzados y amasados con sangre y levadura, que hoy grita al mundo que seguimos vivos. De la misma manera, dedico a alguien que me ayudó en todo momento a que se haga realidad éste sueño; por eso quie- ro decir: recoge este verso de un soñador errante, que hoy pasa por tu choza; no lo dejes pasar. Hoy brota de mí ese fuego ardiente, desde el fondo de mi alma, que cubre tus ilusiones, como beso o brisa, quién sabe por qué; pero sí hay algo de cierto; es por qué alguna vez te pensé y dediqué éste pequeño trabajo, que está hecho con sangre de mis venas, con iras y pasión; los eternos sueños de mi vida, que son tuyos también. PRESENTACIÓN Monseñor Vicente Cisneros Arzobispo de Cuenca, Ecuador Tengo el honor de presentar este libro, que ha sido preparado, durante largos años, con sacrificio, denuedo y vasto conocimiento por su autor, el Padre Vicente Zaruma. Su condición de miembro activo del pueblo cañari, al cual cono- ce desde sus raíces familiares, sociales y culturales, y su condición de sa- cerdote de la Iglesia Católica de esta Arquidiócesis de Cuenca, le han dado la autoridad moral y establecido los parámetros de pensamiento y reflexión para plantear el tema de la celebración de la vida en íntima conexión con el Misterio Pascual de la pasión, muerte y resurrección de Cristo, Camino, Verdad y Vida, luz que ilumina los pueblos y gloria de su pueblo, Israel. La reflexión teológica sobre la cultura cañari comienza con la primera evangelización y la conquista. Sin duda la presencia de los mi- sioneros se realizó junto a la espada, pero prevaleció el Evangelio de la caridad de Cristo, liberador de toda esclavitud. La teología indígena tie- ne sus rasgos propios de identificación y ofrece tipos particulares y ras- gos sobresalientes que marcan las fuentes, el punto de partida y de lle- gada de la teología india. El capítulo tercero de este libro contiene un tratado sobre la ce- lebración de la vida como lugar de inculturación y aculturación del Evangelio. El autor desarrolla los fundamentos bíblicos de la incultura- ción y aculturación y la contribución particular del Concilio Vaticano II, que con su apertura al mundo y a las culturas indígenas descubrió 10 VICENTE ZARUMA Q. que en todo pueblo Dios derramó las semillas del Verbo, fecundas y en- riquecedoras, de la espiritualidad teológica de los pueblos. Finalmente, el autor investiga los fundamentos teológicos del proceso cultural y se plantea los interrogantes: ¿Qué dice el Misterio Pascual a la Cultura Cañari? ¿Qué dice la Cultura Cañari al Misterio Pascual? Esta es la entraña que el lector descubrirá al estudiar el tema central del libro del Padre Vicente Zaruma, para quien mi felicitación por este gran trabajo teológico, que ha recibido las más altas calificacio- nes académicas de la Pontificia Facultad Teológica de Sicilia “San Gio- vanni Evangelista”,de Palermo-Italia. WAKANMAY / ALIENTO SAGRADO 11 Pan de Vida De Fr. Luis Alberto Luna Tobar ocd. A su hermano y amigo, Padre Vicente Zaruma Con inmensa inquietud íntima me acerqué a la mesa preparada por ti, Vicente hermano, a comer el Pan de Vida que ella, la vida, nos ofrece en su predestinada realización sacramental. Es la vida el medio en el que se realiza esta ofrenda y son las manos de ambos, las que nos acercamos, ya en la Mesa, a recibir esa ofrenda, que la preparamos jun- tos, entre la eternidad del Padre y la humanidad de nuestro ser de her- manos sacerdotes. Siempre esperé de ti una autenticidad, un analisis profundo de la naturalidad de tus creencias, en las que la vocación sacerdotal reali- zó una profundización y en-raizamiento impresionate. Te imaginé en camino de realizacion investigativa de tu secreto natural, de tu ser, de tu aborigeneidad, desde tu sacerdocio, y esperaba que en ese análisis encontraras el íntimo parentezco, la consanguinidad entre la cultura del origen, tan tuya, tan de tu tierra, con tu evolución académica en lo teológico. Le queda a tu conciencia la respuesta de base; pero nos dejas un testimonio notorial, escrito con alma, con entrega total: “La Cele- bración de la Vida a la Luz del Misterio Pascual en la Cultura Cañari”. Te has doctorado de frente al mar que mide la tierra y su histo- ria. Singular predestinación. Ese mar, posiblemente, oyó a Cristo. Tus letras nos ayudarán a oírle y transmitir su Palabra viva en espacios de otras dimensiones, pero con la misma hambre y sed de vida. Tu hermano, que te acercó al sacerdocio Fr. Luis Alberto Luna Tobar, ocd. Arzobispo emérito de Cuenca. PREFACIO La religión y las teologías El hombre, desde su conciencia antropológica que la define co- mo el ser de alteridad y de relacionamiento dentro del reciente concep- to post- conciliar del Vaticano II –concepto de las “armonías”,ha abier- to una globalizante visión de la realidad. La filosofía y las teologías de occidente habían consagrado al hombre como ser aislado de Dios, del mundo y de los otros. Simple- mente se había constituido al hombre en un observador solitario, un testigo individualista desde la razón del desfile del tiempo y de las ac- ciones y pensamientos de los demás. La teología occidental había exaltado el individualismo y la crí- tica de la razón pura, filtro por el cual debían pasar hombres, mundo y Dios. Se creó en teoría un hombre no comprometido, ajeno, sin desti- no histórico que complique la humanidad dentro del proyecto de la construcción del ser y del mundo. Creo que a partir de Tehilard se da un giro al modo de concebir el hombre, Dios y el mundo, como elementos protagónicos de una to- talidad interdependiente, pero esta cosmovisión es patrimonio siempre de las grandes religiones del mundo; así el hinduismo ya hablaba de que somos partículas divinas que peregrinamos en el tiempo hasta la fusión en el retorno al todo. Tehilard dice que el cosmos es divino y nosotros la corona de esa creación. Hay un pensamiento olvidado y a propósito, en otros casos marginado, el hombre es la cosmovisión indígena de la realidad. El mundo es un todo viviente, el hombre es la criatura peregrina en el 14 VICENTE ZARUMA Q. tiempo que, a través de la energía del cosmos, busca relacionarse y unir- se al Gran Espíritu en el cual permanecemos en el tiempo y fuera de él, existiendo. De esas filosofías que ven a Dios como uno de los ángulos del “Gran Triángulo de las armonías” al Dios que todo lo sostiene y lo mantiene, se despreocupó la religión de los individualismos que ve al hombre como un ángulo perdido de las armonías, como sola- mente el pecador que debe salvarse, como el ser enredado en una ética que en vez de liberarlo, lo envuelve en la oscuridad y el pesi- mismo.
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