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Building Information Modeling and Its Impact on Design and Construction Firms

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Building Information Modeling and Its Impact on Design and Construction Firms BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING AND ITS IMPACT ON DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION FIRMS By JOSEPH CARL KUEHMEIER A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2008 1 ©2008 Joseph Carl Kuehmeier 2 To my wife and family, for keeping me focused on the prize, and for giving me the opportunity to better myself. To them I will be forever grateful. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the School of Building Construction for accepting me into their program and the faculty for passing their knowledge and life experiences to me. I would like to thank Dr. R. Raymond Issa, Dr. Svetlana Olbina, and Dr. E. Douglas Lucas for serving as my committee members. Their knowledge and direction were critical to the completion of my thesis. I would like to thank my family, for without their support, I would not be finishing school right now. They have been the foundation and all that I have done is in honor of them and their support. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................4 LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................................7 LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................8 ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................9 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................11 1.1 Building Information Modeling........................................................................................12 1.2 Statement of Purpose ........................................................................................................12 1.3 Objective of Study ............................................................................................................13 1.4 Scope and Limitations ......................................................................................................13 2 LITERATURE REVIEW.......................................................................................................15 2.1 Principles of Building Information Modeling ..................................................................15 2.1.1 Increasing Value Through Shared Information......................................................19 2.1.2 National Building Information Modeling Standards (NBIMS)..............................20 2.1.3 Collaborative Working ...........................................................................................21 2.2 Productivity.......................................................................................................................24 2.2.1 Productivity in the Construction Industry ..............................................................26 2.2.2 Input into Design ....................................................................................................28 2.2.4 Ten Step Program for Improving Productivity.......................................................31 2.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of BIM ...........................................................................31 2.3.1 Proponents of BIM .................................................................................................33 2.3.2 Disadvantages of BIM............................................................................................36 3 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................38 3.1 Productivity.......................................................................................................................38 3.2 Advantages and Disadvantages ........................................................................................39 3.3 Interviews .........................................................................................................................39 3.4 Process of BIM .................................................................................................................40 4 INTERVIEW RESULTS........................................................................................................42 4.1 Small Construction Companies ........................................................................................42 4.1.1 Construction Company 1........................................................................................42 4.1.1 Construction Company 2........................................................................................43 4.2 Company 3: Large Design / Build Firm ...........................................................................44 4.3 Company 4: Architectural Design Firm ...........................................................................44 5 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................46 5.1 Increasing Productivity with BIM Using Adrian’s Model ...............................................49 5.1.1 Making the Project Look Like a Firm Rather Than a Job: Developing a Personnel Management Program .................................................................................49 5.1.2 Improved Communications ....................................................................................49 5.1.3 Planning a Productive Site Layout .........................................................................49 5.1.4 Challenging the Work Process ...............................................................................50 5.1.5 Developing a Scientific Work Standard Versus an Accounting Based Standards......................................................................................................................50 5.1.6 Planning and Scheduling ........................................................................................50 5.1.7 Project Control and Productivity Improvement .....................................................50 5.1.8 Equipment Management to Enhance Productivity.................................................51 5.1.9 Productivity Improvement through Safety .............................................................51 5.1.10 Productivity through Attention to Quality............................................................51 5.2 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................51 5.3 Recommendations.............................................................................................................51 APPENDIX A LIST OF TERMINOLOGY AND ABBREVIATIONS.........................................................53 B INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS .....................................................................54 LIST OF REFERENCES...............................................................................................................57 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .........................................................................................................59 6 LIST OF TABLES Table page 2-1 Productivity increases for various industries (2002) ..............................................................27 2-2 Reasons for nonproductive time in the construction industry ................................................27 7 LIST OF FIGURES Figure page 2-1 Relationship of a BIM to all facets of the AEC industry. Courtesy of NBIMS © AEdgar 2006. .....................................................................................................................18 2-2 Combining multiple models into a composite model (Contractors Guide to BIM 2006) ......22 2-3 A section of the BIM model for One Island East tower in Hong Kong, Gehry Technologies’ (The Architects Newspaper 2006) .............................................................23 2-4 Frank Gehry’s Stata Center located at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Image courtesy of © 2006 http://philip.greenspun.com/copyright/...................................24 2-5 Distribution of construction company size by number of employees, 1996. (Dr. E. Douglas Lucas, 2008) ........................................................................................................28 2-6 Analysis of productive and non productive time during a typical construction project (Adrian 2004).....................................................................................................................29 2-7 Reciprocal relationships between various parties involved in the design process and the BIM project........................................................................................................................30 2-8 Computer modeling to analyze air temperature distribution to determine the benefits of displacement ventilation in the courtroom lobby (Google image 2007) ...........................35 2-9 The Pearl River Tower includes integrated wind turbines and photovoltaic panels to offset its energy use. (Fortmeyer 2008) .............................................................................35 5-1 A 3D polygon model and 2D lines and text compose a set of integrated construction documents. Images courtesy FacilityGenetics (NIBS 2006). ...........................................46 5-2 Virtual construction
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