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A Dark and Stormy Night
NEW ORLEANS NOSTALGIA Remembering New Orleans History, Culture and Traditions By Ned Hémard A Dark and Stormy Night A lonely pebble swaddled in excelsior: take it home and give it your love. Only $3.95! The Pet Rock fad lasted only about six months in the mid 1970s but it made Gary Dahl, a California advertising man, a millionaire. What other challenges awaited this man whose arsenal of words had the power to persuade? Twenty-five years later, like Carl Sandburg on steroids, Dahl penned these lines: “The heather-encrusted Headlands, veiled in fog as thick as smoke in a crowded pub, hunched precariously over the moors, their rocky elbows slipping off land’s end. Their bulbous, craggy noses thrust into the thick foam of the North Sea like bearded old men falling asleep in their pints.” This entry landed him the grand prize in the annual Bulwer-Lytton Fiction Contest, named for the Victorian novelist Edward George Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton (1803 - 1873), whose overblown purple prose often went over the top. Extremely popular in his day, modern readers find his florid style the epitome of bad writing. Thousands of applicants compete each year in crafting an overly embellished opening sentence to the worst possible (imaginary) novel. The contest was inspired by Lord Lytton’s words at the beginning of his novel, “Paul Clifford”: “It was a dark and stormy night; the rain fell in torrents …” This passage could have described the onset of a hurricane, but a different natural disaster is the basis for the novel for which Baron Lytton is probably best known. -
Notes and References
Notes and References Introduction: Political, Cultural and Literary Trends (1830-7) 1. Kathleen Tillotson, Novels of the Eighteen-Forties (Oxford University Press, 1954) p. 1. 2. Walter Allen, The English Novel (New York: Dutton, 1954) p. 162. 3. Lionel Stevenson, The English Novel: A Panorama (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1960) p. 229. 4. Louis Cazamian, The Social Novel in England, 1830-1850 (1903; trans. Martin Fido, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1979) p. 1. 5. David Thomson, England in the Nineteenth Century (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1950) p. 75. 6. Despite the relative tranquillity of the years from 1832 to 1837, reform continued, but it was primarily economic and religious. The only major political reform of this period after the passage of the First Reform Bill was the Municipal Corporations Act of 1835, which established local government by paid professionals and city councils rather than by squires and magistrates. Economic reforms became increasingly important as the working class and its advocates realized that the First Reform Bill had done nothing to alleviate the misery of the terrible living and working conditions of the poor. Appealing to the humanitarian sentiment behind the abolition of slavery in British dominions (1833), philanthropists and Evangelicals stressed the need to free the urban poor from enslavement by factory owners. The landed interests in Parliament, whose power and wealth were being continually eroded by the industrialists, were only too happy to respond by passing regulatory factory legislation. The Factory Act of 1833 prohibited the employment of children under thirteen for more than eight hours a day in all textile mills and required that these children attend school two hours a day, a requirement to be enforced by travelling inspectors. -
Sensationalism of Bulwer Lytton
Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 1946 Sensationalism of Bulwer Lytton Mary Bernice McGrath Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation McGrath, Mary Bernice, "Sensationalism of Bulwer Lytton" (1946). Master's Theses. 279. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/279 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1946 Mary Bernice McGrath THE SENSATIONALISM OF BULWER LYTTON by Sister Mary Bernice McGrath. S•. C.. A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master or Arts in Loyola University J.une 1946 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. LITERARY TASTES OF THE AGE ••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1 Eighteenth oentury romantioism, realism, and propagandism still prevalent--Effeot of demooraoy, soienoe, and imperialism on literature--Bulwer's oontemporaries- Literary trends of the time refleoted in Lytton's own works--The influenoe of Mrs. Radoliffe, Byron, Godwin, the oooult, Soott and the historioal romanoe, the .fashionable, domestio and realistio novel. II. DEVELOPMENT OF SENSATIONALISM ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 27 Romantio Movement gave rise to imaginative produotions- The Gothio tradition through Mrs. Radoliffe and Byron to Bulwer Lytton--Fashionable baokground - a basis for sensation novel of later date--The appeal of the oooult, the mysterious, and the fantastio. -
THE NEWGATE NOVELS and DRAMA of TIIE 1830S ADRIAN PHILLIPS Phd the UNIVERSITY of YORK JULY 2001
THE NEWGATE NOVELS AND DRAMA OF TIIE 1830s ADRIAN PHILLIPS PhD THE UNIVERSITY OF YORK DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH AND RELATED LITERATURE JULY 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements IV Abstract `' Note on the 'Texts VI INTRODUCTION I CHAPTER I Ruiwer's Newgate Novels and the Reformatory Spirit 23 i Respectability, Truth, and the Workings of Justice: Paul Clifford and Caleb Williams 30 ii Natural Law versus Human Law: Eugene Aram and Utilitarianism 60 iii Working-Class Defiance, Victorian Gentility, and Regency Dandyism: Paul Clifford and Pelham 74 iv Corruption or Correction: Romantic Love and the Shaping of Self 93 CHAPTER 2 Thieves and Thief-Takers: the Newgate Novel, Literary Self-Consciousness, and the Field of Cultural Production 99 i The Newgate Novels and Literary Controversy 104 ii Pelham, the 1820s, and the Privileged Control of Culture 1>; iii hie Criminal as Author: Paul Clifford, Rookw'ood, and the Changing Literary Order I39 iv faul Clifford and the Literary Critic 155 v 'l lie Newgate Novelists and a very Personal Struggle 160 CHAPTER 3 Theatre, Politics, and the Jack Sheppard Adaptations 185 1 The 'Jack Sheppard' Controversy 188 II ii Deceptions and Disguises: Radical Rhetoric and Early 19th-Century 71ieatrc 197 iii Buckstone's'Jack Sheppard' and Other Dramatic Adaptations 221 CONCLUSION 262 BIBLIOGRAPHY 274 A_(-KNOWLE GEN N'I S I would like to thank Dr Jane Moody for her invaluable comments upon two of the chapters in this thesis, and especially her expert advice on 19th-century theatre research. I am most grateful to Rebecca Edwards for her thorough and very helpful reading of the text at short notice. -
Criminal Masculinities and the Newgate Novel
Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 3-28-2019 11:00 AM Criminal Masculinities and the Newgate Novel Taylor R. Richardson The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Bruhm, Steven The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in English A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Taylor R. Richardson 2019 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Literature in English, British Isles Commons Recommended Citation Richardson, Taylor R., "Criminal Masculinities and the Newgate Novel" (2019). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 6076. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/6076 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract This dissertation builds upon the seminal work of Keith Hollingsworth in his The Newgate Novel, 1830-1847 and expands analysis of the contentious Victorian subgenre into the realm of studies in masculinities. Outside of critical opinion that the novels were defined by the reactionary and conservative reception of Victorian reviewers who saw the novels as morally outrageous and socially dangerous, the genre, as this dissertation argues, was markedly concerned with specifically male readerships. Victorian critics were concerned about the effects reading criminal literature had on boys becoming men, and, accordingly, this dissertation argues that the reformative political and social climate of the 1830s and 40s was also a great period of examination and literary reflection upon the growth of the boy into the man. -
Influence of Bulwer-Lytton on Charles Dickins's Oliver Twist
THE INFLUENCE OF BULViER-LTTTON ON CHARLES DICKENS »S OLIVER TWIST by 1-iAXINE FISH HUFFMAN B. A., James Millikin University, 1950 M. S., Kansas State Teacher's College, Pittsburg, 1951 Ph.D. , Kansas State College of Agriculture and Applied Science, 1953 A THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degr«« MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of English KANSAS STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND APPLIED SCIENCE 1958 LP rx l-\2 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 DICKENS'S BACKGROUND 2 OLIVER TWIST - k NOVEL WITH A PURPOSE 11 A COMPARISON OF DICKENS AND BUXWKR-LITTON 19 APPENDIX: CONCERNING JACK SHEPPARD 7k ACKNOWLEDGMENT 78 LITERATURE CITED 79 INTRODUCTION It is often difficult to demonstrate the influences of one author upon another. Any evidence that might exist may appear to be sketchy and exaggerated when viewed* Charles Dickens, however, seems to be a happy exception to this. Especially when a young author, he was quick to seize upon any idea that seemed in his opinion to be meritorious and would then absorb it as an integral part of his own work. Dickens was an avid reader and, particularly in his younger days, was impressed by both books and their authors. Therefore, it must have been a noteworthy thrill for this young author to become acquainted with Edward Bulwer-Lytton, author of the then popular criminal romances, Paul Clifford and Eugene Aram . Shortly after Dickens became acquainted with Mr. Lytton, the younger author began writing his first novel with a long sustained plot, Oliver Twist . It is the purpose of this study to demon- strate that Dickens, being impressed by Lytton and his works, particu- larly Paul Clifford, was influenced by them in his writing of Oliver Twist . -
Sensationalism of Bulwer Lytton Mary Bernice Mcgrath Loyola University Chicago
Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 1946 Sensationalism of Bulwer Lytton Mary Bernice McGrath Loyola University Chicago Recommended Citation McGrath, Mary Bernice, "Sensationalism of Bulwer Lytton" (1946). Master's Theses. Paper 279. http://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/279 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1946 Mary Bernice McGrath THE SENSATIONALISM OF BULWER LYTTON by Sister Mary Bernice McGrath. S•. C.. A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master or Arts in Loyola University J.une 1946 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. LITERARY TASTES OF THE AGE ••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1 Eighteenth oentury romantioism, realism, and propagandism still prevalent--Effeot of demooraoy, soienoe, and imperialism on literature--Bulwer's oontemporaries- Literary trends of the time refleoted in Lytton's own works--The influenoe of Mrs. Radoliffe, Byron, Godwin, the oooult, Soott and the historioal romanoe, the .fashionable, domestio and realistio novel. II. DEVELOPMENT OF SENSATIONALISM ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 27 Romantio Movement gave rise to imaginative produotions- The Gothio tradition through Mrs. Radoliffe -
The Forces of Commerce and Capital in a Revival of Edward Bulwer-Lytton's Money
Spring 2001 115 "The Arithmetic and Logic of Life": The Forces of Commerce and Capital in a Revival of Edward Bulwer-Lytton's Money James Fisher Though our brother is on the rack, as long as we ourselves are at our ease, our senses will never inform us of what he suffers... It is by imagination that we can form any conception of what are his sensations.1 —Adam Smith, Theory of Moral Sentiments The Vices and Virtues are written in a language the World cannot construe; it reads them in a vile translation, and the translators are FAILURE and SUCCESSl2 —Alfred Evelyn, Money, (V, III) Theatre students are frequently instructed that the vigorous and energetic theatrical world of the nineteenth century produced little drama of lasting significance prior to Henrik Ibsen's social problem plays. Most Victorian theatre was overly sentimental and melodramatic, as the cliche goes; quaint and colorful perhaps, but finally too simplistic and flatly-dimensioned for sophisticated audiences at the dawn of the twenty-first century. The era, it seems, applied its repressions too fiercely for dramatists to delve below the surface of human experience, hindering serious questioning of prevailing values. The naive moralizing and stereotypical characters of this period made for a barren dramatic age. The condescension directed at nineteenth century drama also results from another presumed hindrance. These supposedly unwatchable plays are often multi- scene works requiring large casts and are, as such, too daunting in scope for even the most adventurous of directors and producing organizations. Published scripts of many nineteenth century plays can be difficult (if not impossible) to locate; James Fisher, Professor of Theater at Wabash College, has authored five books, including The Theater of Tony Kushner: Living Past Hope (NY: Routledge, 2001), and has published articles and reviews in numerous periodicals. -
"It Was a Dark and Stormy Night; the Rain Fell in Torrents--Except At
"It was a dark and stormy night; the rain fell in torrents--except at occasional intervals, when it was checked by a violent gust of wind which swept up the streets (for it is in London that our scene lies), rattling along the housetops, and fiercely agitating the scanty flame of the lamps that struggled against the darkness." --Edward George Bulwer-Lytton, Paul Clifford (1830) An international literary parody contest, the Bulwer-Lytton Fiction Contest honors the memory of Victorian novelist Edward George Earl Bulwer-Lytton (1803-1873). The goal of the contest is simple: entrants are challenged to submit bad opening sentences to imaginary novels. Although best known for The Last Days of Pompeii (1834), which has been made into a movie three times and originated the expression "the pen is mightier than the sword," and phrases like "the almighty dollar," Bulwer-Lytton opened his novel Paul Clifford (1830) with the immortal words that the Peanuts beagle Snoopy plagiarized for years, "It was a dark and stormy night." Recent Winning Entries Winner: Grand Prize "Hmm . ." thought Abigail as she gazed languidly from the veranda past the bright white patio to the cerulean sea beyond, where dolphins played and seagulls sang, where splashing surf sounded like the tintinnabulation of a thousand tiny bells, where great gray whales bellowed and the sunlight sparkled off the myriad of sequins on the flyfish's bow ties, "time to get my meds checked." Winner: Adventure Leopold looked up at the arrow piercing the skin of the dirigible with a sort of wondrous dismay -- the wheezy shriek was just the sort of sound he always imagined a baby moose being beaten with a pair of accordions might make. -
The 25Th Anniversary of the Borowitz Collection at Kent State University
FROM CULTURE The 25th Anniversary of the Borowitz Collection to at Kent State University Exhibition Catalogue Kent, Ohio | Kent State University Libraries | 2013 FROM CRIME TO CULTURE The 25th Anniversary of the Borowitz Collection at Kent State University Exhibition Catalogue An Exhibition of the Department of Special Collections and Archives Curated by Kathleen Siebert Medicus, Elizabeth Traina, Samantha Kapp, and Cara Gilgenbach Kent, Ohio | Kent State University Libraries | 2013 CONTENTS Acknowledgments .................................................................................... ii Foreword by Laura James ...................................................................iii Introduction by Cara Gilgenbach .................................................vii Exhibition Catalogue Historical Survey of Popular True Crime Literature .................................................2 Crime Related Broadsides, Prints, and Artifacts .......................................................................16 Prison Postcards ............................................................................. 23 The Wild West Collection: From Outlaws to Icons ................................................................ 25 Albert and Helen Borowitz .......................................................29 Bibliography of Works Consulted ................................................34 Appendix 1: Exhibitions Featuring the Borowitz Collection, 1990-2013 .............................................. 35 Appendix 2: The Borowitz Lecture, 1993-2013 -
Dandy Socialism Lev Kreft* University of Ljubljana
Proceedings of the European Society for Aesthetics Volume 8, 2016 Edited by Fabian Dorsch and Dan-Eugen Ratiu Published by the European Society for Aesthetics esa Proceedings of the European Society of Aesthetics Founded in 2009 by Fabian Dorsch Internet: http://proceedings.eurosa.org Email: [email protected] ISSN: 1664 – 5278 Editors Fabian Dorsch (University of Fribourg) Dan-Eugen Ratiu (Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca) Editorial Board Zsolt Bátori (Budapest University of Technology and Economics) Alessandro Bertinetto (University of Udine) Matilde Carrasco Barranco (University of Murcia) Daniel Martine Feige (Stuttgart State Academy of Fine Arts) Josef Früchtl (University of Amsterdam) Francisca Pérez Carreño (University of Murcia) Kalle Puolakka (University of Helsinki) Isabelle Rieusset-Lemarié (University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne) Karen Simecek (University of Warwick) John Zeimbekis (University of Patras) Publisher The European Society for Aesthetics Department of Philosophy University of Fribourg Avenue de l’Europe 20 1700 Fribourg Switzerland Internet: http://www.eurosa.org Email: [email protected] Dandy Socialism Lev Kreft* University of Ljubljana Abstract. Eugène Sue has been a star writer of the 19th century bestsellers in form of novels – feuilletons during the period between two revolutions of 1830 and 1848. His first novel The Mysteries of Paris appeared in Journal des Debats in 1842-1843, and immediately became a sensation and food for thought, translated in many major European languages. Afterwards he was nearly forgotten and hardly mentioned in company of “serious” writers of elite fine art. His temporary fame was confirmed by response of Bruno Bauer’s group of young Hegelians which found in Sue’s literary attractive- ness philosophical solution for all mysteries and conflicts of the period. -
Monstrous Compounds: Genre and Value in Herman Melville
MONSTROUS COMPOUNDS: GENRE AND VALUE IN HERMAN MELVILLE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Jason L. Corner, M. A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2006 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Elizabeth Renker, Adviser Professor Steven Fink ______________________________ Professor Jared Gardner Adviser English Graduate Program ABSTRACT My title comes from a review of Herman Melville’s 1848 book Mardi, a review that described the book as a “monstrous compound.” In a sense, my dissertation is primarily dedicated to unpacking this comment. Melville’s major works – Mardi, Moby- Dick, Pierre, and The Confidence-Man – are indeed monstrous compounds. They are “compounds” because they are written in a mixed-genre form, combining different fictional genres in one text. And they are “monstrous” because they encode Melville’s philosophy of tragic nihilism, his belief in the absolute falsity of all moral beliefs, and in the tragic unavoidability of such false beliefs. My dissertation demonstrates the way in which Melville’s mixed-genre texts relate form to content, and shows Melville’s complex and ambivalent relationship both to the popular fiction of the antebellum period and to his own audience. The root of all was Melville’s philosophical position, which I herein term tragic nihilism: a belief that the universe offers no ground of moral meaning, combined with a belief that humans were prisoners of their own subjective moral beliefs, regardless of how weakly those beliefs were founded. At the same time, Melville was not merely a writer who thought deeply about philosophical issues; he was also a writer in the sphere of popular nineteenth-century fiction.