A Hermeneutics of Contemplative Silence: Paul Ricoeur and the Heart of Meaning Michele Therese Kueter Petersen University of Iowa
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University of Iowa Iowa Research Online Theses and Dissertations 2011 A hermeneutics of contemplative silence: Paul Ricoeur and the heart of meaning Michele Therese Kueter Petersen University of Iowa Copyright 2011 Michele Therese Kueter Petersen This dissertation is available at Iowa Research Online: http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1494 Recommended Citation Petersen, Michele Therese Kueter. "A hermeneutics of contemplative silence: Paul Ricoeur and the heart of meaning." PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) thesis, University of Iowa, 2011. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1494. Follow this and additional works at: http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd Part of the Religion Commons A HERMENEUTICS OF CONTEMPLATIVE SILENCE: PAUL RICOEUR AND THE HEART OF MEANING by Michele Therese Kueter Petersen An Abstract Of a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Religious Studies in the Graduate College of The University of Iowa 1 December 2011 Thesis Supervisor: Professor David E. Klemm 1 ABSTRACT The practice of contemplative silence, in its manifestation as a mode of capable being, is a self-consciously spiritual and ethical activity that aims at a transformation of reflexive consciousness. I assert that contemplative silence manifests a mode of capable being in which we have an awareness of the awareness of the awareness of being with being whereby we can constitute and create a shared world of meaning(s) through poetically presencing our being as being with others. The doubling and tripling of the term "awareness" refers to five contextual levels of awareness, which are analyzed, including immediate self-awareness, immediate objective awareness, reflective awareness, reflexive awareness, and contemplative awareness. The analysis culminates with the claim that contemplative silence manifests a mode of capable being, one which creates the conditions of the possibility for contemplative awareness. A hermeneutics of contemplative silence manifests a deeper level of awareness--contemplative awareness-- as a poetics of presencing our human solidarity. Contemplative awareness includes both an experience and an understanding of the proper ordering of our relational realities. My claim is that contemplative awareness can and should accompany the practice of contemplative silence in order to appropriate the meaning of a silence embodied in the here and now, through the hermeneutical endeavor. Contemplative awareness elicits movement in thinking, and involves the ongoing exercise of rethinking our relational 1 realities in and for the world. I join three moments in the hermeneutical process--description, explanation, and interpretation--with the three moments in the traditional religious journey to spiritual and ethical maturity--the purgative, the illuminative, and the unitive. I present a conceptual framework that opens to hermeneutics, and a way to think about ongoing appropriation of a mode of capable being as growth in the human capacity to make and carry meaning. The threefold way, as it is interpreted in this study, is a heuristic model of the invariant 2 elements of the tradition of contemplative silence. There is reflexivity to the structure, because a study of the practice is an exemplification of the practice, which produces the very practice that it is talking about. Abstract Approved: ____________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ____________________________________ Title and Department ____________________________________ Date 2 A HERMENEUTICS OF CONTEMPLATIVE SILENCE: PAUL RICOEUR AND THE HEART OF MEANING by Michele Therese Kueter Petersen A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Religious Studies in the Graduate College of The University of Iowa 1 December 2011 Thesis Supervisor: Professor David E. Klemm Copyright by MICHELE THERESE KUETER PETERSEN 2011 All Rights Reserved 2 Graduate College The University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL _______________________ PH.D. THESIS _______________ This is to certify that the Ph.D. thesis of Michele Therese Kueter Petersen has been approved by the Examining Committee for the thesis requirement for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Religious Studies at the December 2011 graduation. Thesis Committee: ___________________________________ David E. Klemm, Thesis Supervisor ___________________________________ David Jasper ___________________________________ Raymond A. Mentzer ___________________________________ Christopher Merrill ___________________________________ John Durham Peters To Daniel, Elizabeth, and Nicholas with love and gratitude 2 ii It is because Soulages or Mondrian did not imitate reality, in the restrictive sense of the word, because they did not make a replica of it, that their work has the power to make us discover, in our own experience, aspects up to then unknown. On a philosophical plane, this leads us to question the classical conception of truth as adequation to the real; for, if one can speak of truth in relation to the work of art, it is to the extent that this designates the capacity of the work of art to break a path in the real by renewing the real in accordance with the work itself, so to speak. Paul Ricoeur Critique and Conviction: Conversations with François Azouvi and Marc de Launay 3 iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I want to thank the faculty and staff of the Department of Religious Studies for their support during my education here. I am grateful for their kindness and generosity. I am also grateful to the Graduate College at The University of Iowa for their generous support and the honor of the Ballard and Seashore Dissertation Year Fellowship. I extend my heartfelt thanks to all of the members of my dissertation committee: David E. Klemm, David Jasper, Raymond A. Mentzer, Christopher Merrill, and John Durham Peters. I appreciate their graciousness and generosity, as well as their time. I especially want to thank my advisor, David E. Klemm, for his wisdom and devotion as a teacher. The clarity of his thinking and his relentless pursuit of goodness, truth, and beauty are inspiring. Finally, I thank my mother and father, as well as my sisters for their love, support, and encouragement. 4 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION: A POETIC PRESENCE .....................................................................1 Thesis and Purpose ...........................................................................................1 Structure ............................................................................................................3 Chapter One: The Practice of Contemplative Silence as a Historical Phenomenon .............................................................................4 Chapter Two: Fallible Human ...................................................................4 Chapter Three: Fallenness and Fallibility Give Rise to Hermeneutics .............................................................................................5 Chapter Four: Capable Human ..................................................................7 Chapter Five: The Practice of Contemplative Silence as a Transformative Spiritual and Ethical Activity ........................................11 Chapter Six: Understanding the Meaning of Capable Human ................19 Conclusion: A Ricoeurian Hymn to Humanity .......................................20 PART I: A DESCRIPTION ..............................................................................................23 INTRODUCTION TO PART I .........................................................................................24 A Description of Contemplative Reality: The Cataphatic and Apophatic Ways ...............................................................................................................25 CHAPTER ONE: THE PRACTICE OF CONTEMPLATIVE SILENCE AS A HISTORICAL PHENOMENON ..........................................................28 Origen (ca. 185-255) .......................................................................................29 Gregory of Nyssa (ca. 335-395) .....................................................................34 Pseudo-Dionysius or Dionysius the Areopagite (ca. 500) ..............................38 Bernard of Clairvaux (1090-1153) .................................................................42 Teresa of Avila (1515-1582) ..........................................................................46 John of the Cross (1542-1591) .......................................................................50 Thérèse of Lisieux (1873-1897) .....................................................................55 Edith Stein (1891-1942) .................................................................................58 Thomas Merton (1915-1968) ..........................................................................64 5 Conclusion ......................................................................................................67 PART II: AN EXPLANATION........................................................................................69 INTRODUCTION TO PART II ........................................................................................70 An Explanation of Human Reality: Intermedial Being ..................................72 CHAPTER TWO: FALLIBLE HUMAN .............................................................76 The Philosophical Anthropology of Paul Ricoeur ..........................................80 Theoretical Mediation .............................................................................86