DOCSLIB.ORG

Antioxidant Content in Two CAM Bromeliad Species As a Response to Seasonal Light Changes in a Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Antioxidant Content in Two CAM Bromeliad Species As a Response to Seasonal Light Changes in a Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest ARTICLE IN PRESS Journal of Plant Physiology 167 (2010) 792–799 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Plant Physiology journal homepage: www.elsevier.de/jplph Antioxidant content in two CAM bromeliad species as a response to seasonal light changes in a tropical dry deciduous forest Claudia Gonza´lez-Salvatierra a,b, Jose´ Luis Andrade a, Fabiola Escalante-Erosa b, Karlina Garcı´a-Sosa b, Luis Manuel Pen˜a-Rodrı´guez b,n a Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigacio´n Cientı´fica de Yucata´n, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburna´,Me´rida, Yucata´n 97200, Me´xico b Unidad de Biotecnologı´a, Centro de Investigacio´n Cientı´fica de Yucata´n, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburna´,Me´rida, Yucata´n 97200, Me´xico article info abstract Article history: Plants have evolved photoprotective mechanisms to limit photodamage; one of these mechanisms Received 16 October 2009 involves the biosynthesis of antioxidant metabolites to neutralize reactive oxygen species generated Received in revised form when plants are exposed to excess light. However, it is known that exposure of plants to conditions of 6 January 2010 extreme water stress and high light intensity results in their enhanced susceptibility to over-excitation Accepted 6 January 2010 of photosystem II and to photooxidative stress. In this investigation we used the 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl reduction assay to conduct a broad survey of the effect of water availability and light Keywords: exposure conditions on the antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts of two bromeliad species showing Anthocyanins crassulacean acid metabolism. One of these was an epiphyte, Tillandsia brachycaulos, and the other a Antioxidant activity terrestrial species, Bromelia karatas. Both species were found growing wild in the tropical dry deciduous Bromeliaceae forest of Dzibilchaltu´ n National Park, Me´xico. The microenvironment of T. brachycaulos and B. karatas Crassulacean acid metabolism Light microenvironments experiences significant diurnal and seasonal light variations as well as changes in temperature and water availability. The results obtained showed that, for both bromeliads, increases in antioxidant activity occurred during the dry season, as a consequence of water stress and higher light conditions. Additionally, in T. brachycaulos there was a clear correlation between high light intensity conditions and the content of anthocyanins which accumulated below the leaf epidermis. This result suggests that the role of these pigments is as photoprotective screens in the leaves. The red coloration below the leaf epidermis of B. karatas was not due to anthocyanins but to other unidentified pigments. & 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. Introduction et al., 2008). These radicals represent a threat to the cell because they react with proteins, lipids, and DNA, causing rapid cell Plant adaptations to avoid damage from excess light include damage and destroying chloroplast pigments and membrane morphological, biochemical, and physiological features. The lipids (Chalker-Scott, 1999; Gould et al., 2002). To prevent potential for light acclimation is species specific and involves damage by ROS, plants use both enzymes and metabolites with major structural and functional changes in the photosynthetic antioxidant activity (Shao et al., 2008; Herna´ndez et al., 2009). apparatus (Lambreva et al., 2006; Luttge,¨ 2008). During photo- Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and synthesis, excessive amounts of light may cause over-energizing ascorbate peroxidase are capable of removing, neutralizing or (photooxidative stress) and damage of the photosynthetic scavenging oxy-intermediates in leaves (Gould et al., 2002; apparatus, leading to photoinhibition (Herna´ndez et al., 2006; Herna´ ndez et al., 2006; Herna´ndez et al., 2009). Metabolites with Lambreva et al., 2006; Jung and Niyogi, 2006). Although excess antioxidant activity include carotenoids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, energy is dissipated as heat or fluorescence (Demmig-Adams and and molecules such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C), tocopherol Adams III, 1996), under high photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) (vitamin E), and ferrodoxin (Krieger-Liszkay and Trebst, 2006). conditions a number of toxic radicals known as reactive oxygen Most of the antioxidant metabolites accumulate primarily in the species (ROS) are produced (Karpinski et al., 1999; Krieger-Liszkay epidermis to both scavenge ROS and, presumably, screen solar light in the absence of a photon-scattering indumentum (Steyn et al., 2002; Merzlyak et al., 2005; Tanaka et al., 2008). Abbreviations: CAM, crassulacean acid metabolism; DPPH, 2, 2-diphenyl-1- It has been proposed that crassulacean acid metabolism picrylhydrazyl radical; TLC, thin layer chromatography; PPF, photosynthetic (CAM), a photosynthetic pathway in which most of the carbon photon flux; PSII, photosystem II; ROS, reactive oxygen species n Corresponding author. Tel.: +52 999 9428330; fax: +52 999 9813900. acquisition occurs during the nightime, prevents ROS production E-mail address: [email protected] (L. Manuel Pen˜a-Rodrı´guez). maintaining daytime carbon concentrations high. Thus, constant 0176-1617/$ - see front matter & 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2010.01.001 ARTICLE IN PRESS C. Gonza´lez-Salvatierra et al. / Journal of Plant Physiology 167 (2010) 792–799 793 daytime CO2 assimilation prevents the over-energization of the with a maximum canopy height of 8 m (Mondrago´ n et al., 2004; photosynthetic machinery, controlling photoinhibition and oxi- Cervantes et al., 2005). The rainfall pattern is markedly seasonal: dative stress under moderate levels of light intensity and water- mean annual rainfall and temperature are 700 mm and 25.8 1C, limiting conditions (Borland et al., 2000; Osmond and Forster,¨ respectively (Thien et al., 1982). A marked dry season (March– 2006; Niewiadomska and Borland, 2008). However, it has been May; where most trees are leafless) occurs between an early dry reported that CAM plants exposed to a combination of prolonged, season when scattered rains occur (November–February) and a extreme water deficit, and high PPF are susceptible to over- rainy season (June–November; Orellana, 1999). excitation of photosystem II (PSII) and over-reduction of the redox-elements, as a consequence of sustained electron transport behind closed stomata (Miszalski and Niewiadomska, 2001; Light characterization of microsites Luttge,¨ 2004). CAM plants possess effective antioxidative response systems with a diurnal pattern of expression and regulation of Integrated total PPF data above the canopy by the seasons and antioxidant metabolites (e.g. anthocyanins and flavonoids) and days of measurement were obtained from the meteorological antioxidant enzymes (e.g. catalase, superoxide dismutase) with a station of Dzibilchaltu´ n National Park. The light environment of circadian pattern of expression and tight regulation (S´lesak et al., microsites was characterized using hemispherical photography. A 2002; Niewiadomska et al., 2004). Also, according to Niewia- digital picture (Nikon Coolpix 4300, Japan) was taken from above domska and Borland (2008), there is little evidence to support each plant with a fish-eye lens (Nikon FC-E8 0.21 x, Japan), during oxidative stress or oxidative damage in CAM plants and they the dry and rainy seasons to quantify the fraction of the gap mention that an interplay between various processes that distribution above the plant, and hence the directional distribu- increase enzyme activity and the abundance of metabolites tion of direct and diffuse PPF in the understory. Images were involved in the destruction and scavenging of ROS optimizes processed using WINPHOT version 5.0 (ter Steege, 1996). Six photosynthetic performance, in line with the dynamic shifts in individuals growing under the shaded lower canopy or on CO2 and O2 concentrations that occur during the diurnal phases exposed sites were located and selected for both species. of CAM. Individuals of each species were grouped according to the total The family Bromeliaceae appears to be unique amongst the PPF received daily during the dry season. Plot sites varied from monocotyledons in the variety and abundance of antioxidant fully exposed to direct sunlight (80–90% total daily PPF) to shaded metabolites (e.g. flavones and flavonols; Williams, 1978; Saito and (20–30% total daily PPF); three replicates were taken per species Harborne, 1983; Benzing, 2000). In most bromeliads, their gradual and light environment. adaptation to high PPF environments may be favored by the development of reflective cuticles and photoprotective metabo- lites, leading to an enhancement of photosynthesis and antiox- Antioxidant activity idant defenses (Maxwell et al., 1995; Benzing, 2000; Steyn et al., 2002; Gould, 2004). This is particularly important in a tropical dry Leaf extraction: leaves from ten individuals of T. brachycaulos deciduous forest, where bromeliads are exposed to multiple stress and five individuals of B. karatas were collected during each factors during the dry season, including a combination of water season (dry and rainy), under both light regimes. All leaves from deficit, high temperature, and high PPF (Benzing, 2000; Graham each species were mixed together, ground and then extracted and Andrade, 2004; Cervantes et al., 2005; Reyes-Garcı´a and with ethanol at room temperature for 24 h. The resulting slurry Griffiths, 2009). An additional adaptation of some epiphytic and was filtered, first through a cotton
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Embriologia De Tillandsia Aeranthos (Lois.) L
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA MARIA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS NATURAIS E EXATAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM AGROBIOLOGIA EMBRIOLOGIA DE TILLANDSIA AERANTHOS (LOIS.) L. B. SM. (TILLANDSIOIDEAE- BROMELIACEAE) DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO Cristiele Spat Santa Maria, RS, Brasil 2012 EMBRIOLOGIA DE TILLANDSIA AERANTHOS (LOIS.) L. B. SM. (TILLANDSIOIDEAE-BROMELIACEAE) Cristiele Spat Dissertação apresentada ao Curso de Mestrado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agrobiologia, da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM, RS), como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Agrobiologia Orientador: Prof. Dr. João Marcelo Santos de Oliveira Santa Maria, RS, Brasil 2012 AGRADECIMENTOS À minha família, pelo apoio, incentivo e por compreender as ausências durante esses dois anos. Ao meu Orientador, Prof. Dr. João Marcelo Santos de Oliveira, pela amizade e dedicação durante minha formação, os quais foram fundamentais na execução desse trabalho. Ao Glauber, pelo carinho, apoio e paciência. À Drª. Jaqueline Sarzi Sartori, pela amizade, dedicação, aprendizado e discussões, sempre valiosas, sobre Bromeliaceae Ao César Carvalho de Freitas, pela ajuda e disponibilidade na confecção do material botânico, indispensável na execução deste trabalho. À Marisa Binotto, pela amizade, companherismo e auxílio técnico no laboratório, muito importantes na execução deste estudo. Aos amigos e colegas do Laboratório de Botânica Estrutural, Patrícia, Merielen e Mariane, pelo convívio diário, incentivo e discussões acadêmicas, muito importantes para a realização deste trabalho. Às minhas amigas, Renata, Lara e Letícia, pelos encontros, momentos de descontração e por lembrarem, todos os dias, o valor de uma amizade. À Prof. Drª. Thais Scotti do Canto-Dorow, pela análise taxonômica e disponibilidade em realizar as coletas.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Relations of Bromeliaceae in Their Evolutionary Context
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Apollo Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2016, 181, 415–440. With 2 figures Think tank: water relations of Bromeliaceae in their evolutionary context JAMIE MALES* Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK Received 31 July 2015; revised 28 February 2016; accepted for publication 1 March 2016 Water relations represent a pivotal nexus in plant biology due to the multiplicity of functions affected by water status. Hydraulic properties of plant parts are therefore likely to be relevant to evolutionary trends in many taxa. Bromeliaceae encompass a wealth of morphological, physiological and ecological variations and the geographical and bioclimatic range of the family is also extensive. The diversification of bromeliad lineages is known to be correlated with the origins of a suite of key innovations, many of which relate directly or indirectly to water relations. However, little information is known regarding the role of change in morphoanatomical and hydraulic traits in the evolutionary origins of the classical ecophysiological functional types in Bromeliaceae or how this role relates to the diversification of specific lineages. In this paper, I present a synthesis of the current knowledge on bromeliad water relations and a qualitative model of the evolution of relevant traits in the context of the functional types. I use this model to introduce a manifesto for a new research programme on the integrative biology and evolution of bromeliad water-use strategies. The need for a wide-ranging survey of morphoanatomical and hydraulic traits across Bromeliaceae is stressed, as this would provide extensive insight into structure– function relationships of relevance to the evolutionary history of bromeliads and, more generally, to the evolutionary physiology of flowering plants.
    [Show full text]
  • SDBS Bromeliad Blade 2015 02.Pages
    THE BROMELIAD BLADE Newsletter of the San Diego Bromeliad Society Volume L, Number 2 February 2015 The President’s Corner Editor’s Notes by Robert Kopfstein Our February speaker will be Consider This: George Allaria, a long-time bromeli- Numerous studies by universities have demonstrated that being ad collector and grower. See details involved in gardening and the plant world is good for your about his talk on page 2 and meet- health; furthermore gardening increases your life span signifi- ing details on page 6. cantly. Included this month are articles by What exactly does potting, weeding, and arranging your plants Andrew Wilson on Winter Color and do for you? Some of the advantages are apparent. By being in by Scott Sandel on his recent trip to the garden you receive healthy doses of vitamin D. Obviously Mexico’s Yucatan area. The compan- the bending, stooping, lifting is good exercise. Gardening is also ion plants this month are oncidium a creative act that stimulates the brain and sometimes challenges orchids. Andy Siekkinen has a report the intellect. (What is wrong with this plant? Why can other on his research project on page 11. people grow cryptanthus and I am a miserable failure?) ❐ But there are other proven benefits to gardening which have March Meeting been uncovered by researchers. Contact with dirt is good for your immune system. The bacteria The March talk will deal with plants in soil stimulates your natural defenses against disease. So get of the Huntington Botanic Garden. It rid of the gloves. Just don't lick your fingers after fertilizing.
    [Show full text]
  • Generico Cialis on Line
    BROMELIAD SOCIETY OF SAN FRANCISCO SEPTEMBER 2018 Meeting Specifics When: Thursday, September 20 Designing With Palms: Time: 07:30 PM Companion Plant Topic San Francisco County Fair Where: Building Palms are a landscape staple in warm, temperate climates worldwide. But these stunning and statement-making plants 9th Avenue at Lincoln Way are large, expensive, and difficult to install, resulting in San Francisco unique design challenges. In Designing with Palms, palm expert Jason Dewees details every major aspect of designing and caring for palms. Jason shares his expertise in plants, and especially palms, with designers, landscape architects, botanical garden curators, municipalities, and gardeners, always with an eye to design. Jason helps identify and source the best varieties based on the design intention and requirements, growing conditions, and market availability. Roger Lane has signed up for refreshments this month. Any additional refreshments are appreciated. Thanks in advance! September 2018 August Meeting Cristy Brenner took us to the Roraima tepui, inspiration for Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s The Lost World Last month, Cristy Brenner best trips in her life. were more experienced hikers and gave us a slide show on her kept way head of Cristy and Betty. trip to the Roraima tepui in The first day’s hike was 2013. Cristy made this trip relatively easy and somewhat Cristy showed us slides of Brocchinia with Betty Paterson who has level. After this, the climb was hechtioides that is similar to one spoken to our society several against the rock walls of the found on the Auyan tepui (the first times about some of her many tepui.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecosystem Services Provided by Bromeliad Plants: A
    1 ECOSYSTEM SERVICES PROVIDED BY BROMELIAD PLANTS: A 2 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW 3 4 Geraldine Ladino Vásquez a,*, Fabiola Ospina-Bautista a, Jaime Vicente Estévez Varón 5 a, Lucie Jerabkovab, Pavel Kratina c 6 7 a Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Caldas, Street 65 No. 26 – 10, 8 Manizales, Caldas, 170004, Colombia. 9 b Department of Geography, King’s College London, 30 Aldwych, London WC2B 10 4GB, UK. 11 c School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile 12 End Rd, London E1 4NS, UK. 13 14 15 16 *Corresponding author 17 18 E-mail addresses: [email protected] (G. Ladino-V), 19 [email protected] (F. Ospina-B), [email protected] (J.V. 20 Estévez Varón), [email protected] (L. Jerabkova), [email protected] (P. 21 Kratina). 22 23 24 Keywords: Biodiversity; bromeliad plants; climate regulation; disease; ecosystem 25 services; microecosystems; Neotropics; pharmaceutical potential; water storage. 1 26 ABSTRACT 27 The unprecedented loss of biological diversity has negative impacts on ecosystems and 28 the associated benefits which they provide to humans. Bromeliads have high diversity 29 throughout the Neotropics, but they have been negatively affected by habitat loss and 30 fragmentation, climate change, herbivorous species invasions, and they are also being 31 commercialized for ornamental use. These plants provide direct benefits to the human 32 society and they also form micro ecosystems in which accumulated water and nutrients 33 support the communities of aquatic and terrestrial species, thus maintaining local 34 diversity. We performed a systematic review of the contribution of bromeliads to 35 ecosystem services across their native geographical distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) of BELIZE 1
    Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) of BELIZE 1 Bruce K. Holst1, David Amaya2, Ella Baron2, Marvin Paredes2, Elma Kay3 1Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, 2 Ian Anderson’s Caves Branch Botanical Garden, 3University of Belize © Marie Selby Botanical Gardens ([email protected]), Ian Anderson’s Caves Branch Botanical Garden ([email protected]). Photos by D. Amaya (DA), E. Baron (EB), W. Collier (WC), B. Holst (BH); J. Meerman (JM), L. Munsey (LM), M. Paredes (MP), P. Nelson (PN), D. Troxell (DT) Support from the Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Ian Anderson’s Caves Branch Jungle Lodge, Environmental Resource Institute - University of Belize [fieldguides.fieldmuseum.org] [964] version 1 11/2017 The genus Tillandsia in Belize includes approximately 30 species, which can be found growing singly, or in large colonies, and can usually be identified by their non-spiny leaves, often flattened inflorescence branches, symmetrical sepals, free petals, and often colorful flower clusters which fade quickly after flowering. They are most always epiphytic growing on trees and shrubs to gain better access to sunlight; an occasional species is found on rocks or on the ground (e.g., T. dasyliriifolia). Many have gray/silvery, scaly leaves (e.g., T. pruinosa, T. streptophylla). The scales (or “trichomes”) help capture water and nutrients from the environment. Some spe- cies form water-holding tanks by means of their overlapping leaves. These tanks are rich with nutrients from the environment, provide sustenance for the plant, and create important habitat for animals in the forest canopy. The genus is found throughout Belize, but reaches its peak of species diversity on the high summits of the Maya Mountains.
    [Show full text]
  • Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae on Rocky Outcrops in the Agreste Mesoregion of the Paraíba State, Brazil¹
    Hoehnea 42(2): 345-365, 1 tab., 7 fig., 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-8906-51/2014 Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae on rocky outcrops in the Agreste Mesoregion of the Paraíba State, Brazil¹ Thaynara de Sousa Silva2, Leonardo Pessoa Felix3 and José Iranildo Miranda de Melo2,4 Received: 11.09.2014; accepted: 12.03.2015 ABSTRACT - (Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae on rocky outcrops in the Agreste Mesoregion of Paraíba State, Brazil). The present study consists of the floristics-taxonomic survey of Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae on rocky outcrops located at an Atlantic Forest-Caatinga transition area in Paraíba State, northeast of Brazil, in order to provide data for the implementation of the biota conservation’s policies, especially of the flora associated to rocky environments of Paraíba State, given that the taxonomic studies focusing on such families in this state are still incipient. During the study, ten species in six genera of Bromeliaceae and six species in five genera of Orchidaceae were recorded. The treatment includes keys for recognition of the species of families, morphological descriptions, illustrations, geographic distribution data, and comments on the phenology of the species. Keywords: Brazilian flora, semiarid, monocotyledons RESUMEN - (Bromeliaceae y Orchidaceae en afloramientos rocosos de la Mesoregión Agreste del Estado de Paraíba, Brasil). El presente trabajo consiste en el estudio florístico y taxonómico de Bromeliaceae y Orchidaceae en afloramientos rocosos ubicados en un área de transición de la Foresta Atlántica-Caatinga del Estado de Paraíba, nordeste de Brasil, con el fin de proporcionar datos para la aplicación de las políticas de conservación de la biota, especialmente de la flora asociada a ambientes rocosos del Estado de Paraíba, dado que son aún incipientes los estudios taxonómicos que se centran en estas familias en el Estado.
    [Show full text]
  • December 2017
    Bromeliad Society Vol 50 No 12 December 2017 Hello Everyone, This is a special issue to cover the 2017 SWBG and ICS to bring a bit of color into the holidays. Your January issue will resume with the usual details and notices. Hope to see you at the holiday party Saturday. Los Tios Mexican Restaurant . 9527 Westheimer Road . 77063 . 713-784-0380 Happy Hour 6:30 – 7:00 6:30 P.M. to 10:30 P.M. CASH BAR Poinsetta— for the holidays. DECEMBER BIRTHDAYS Anthony VanWright 12/7 Dorothy Novak 12/12 Carole Speer 12/20 Merrill O’Neal 12/22 Barbara Szymczak 12/27 january BIRTHDAYS Martin Beaumont 1/2 Debbie Bragg 1/10 Lynn Friedman 1/16 Malcolm McCorquodale 1/17 Derek Sandberg 1/19 Betty Garrison 1/19 Nita Ankenbruck 1/22 SOUTHWEST BROMELIAD GUILD 38TH ANNUAL SHOW October 20-22, 2017 AWARDS AFFL NAME/ENTRANT GENUS PLANT NAME MULFORD B. FOSTER BEST OF SHOW - HORTICULTURE RRBS Windham, Bryan DEUT brevifolia v. chlorantha MORRIS HENRY HOBBS BEST OF SHOW - ARTISTIC BSH Schneider, David QUES marmorata var. 'Tim Plowman' HOBBYIST SWEEPSTAKES BSH Richtmyer, Rick CAT THE JOHN M. ANDERSON BEST AECHMEA GDFWBS Davila, Aaron AE orlandiana THE VALERIE L. STECKLER HORT. DISPLAY SWEEPSTAKES BSH Whipkey, David TILL THE LOU TRAHAN ARTISTIC SWEEPSTAKES BSH Whipkey, Linda CRYP BEST OF DIVISION II RRBS Hardouin, Terry TILL streptophylla rubra DYCKCO BEST OF DIVISION III RRBS Windham, Bryan HNIA 'June' BEST OF DIVISION IV BSH Richtmyer, Rick ORTH harleyi BEST OF DIVISION VI BSH Richtmyer, Rick TILL funckiana BEST OF DIVISION VII BSH Dominguez, Annette TILL stricta, ionantha
    [Show full text]
  • Bromeliaceae*
    FLORA DEL BAJÍO Y DE REGIONES ADYACENTES Fascículo 165 febrero de 2010 BROMELIACEAE* Por Adolfo Espejo-Serna, Ana Rosa López-Ferrari**,*** Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa Departamento de Biología Herbario Metropolitano México, D.F. e Ivón Ramírez-Morillo Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Herbario CICY Mérida, Yucatán * Referencias: Barfuss, M. H., R. Samuel, W. Till & T. F. Stuessy. Phylogenetic relationship in subfamily Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae) based on DNA sequence data from seven plastid regions. Amer. J. Bot. 92(2): 337-351. 2005. Beaman, R. S. & W. S. Judd. Systematics of Tillandsia subgenus Pseudalcantarea (Bromeliaceae) Brittonia 48: 1-19. 1996. Beer, J. G. Die Familie der Bromeliaceen. Tendler & Comp. Wien. 271 pp. 1857. Benzing, D. H. Bromeliaceae: a profile of adaptative radiation. Cambridge University Press. U.K. 690 pp. 2000. Dahlgren, R. M. T., H. T. Clifford & P. Yeo. The families of the Monocotyledons. Springer Verlag. Berlin. 520 pp. 1985. Espejo, A. & A. R. López-Ferrari. Las monocotiledóneas mexicanas, una sinopsis florística. 1. Lista de referencia. Parte III: Bromeliaceae, Burmanniaceae, Calochortaceae y Cannaceae. Consejo Nacional de la Flora de México, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad y Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-lztapalapa. México, D.F. 74 pp. 1994. Espejo, A. & A. R. López-Ferrari. Current floristic and phytogeographic knowledge of Mexican Bromeliaceae. Rev. Biol. Trop. 46: 493-513. 1998. Espejo, A., A. R. López-Ferrari, I. Ramírez-Morilllo, B. K. Holst, H. Luther & W. Till. Checklist of Mexican Bromeliaceae with notes on species distribution and levels of endemism. Selbyana 25(1): 33-86. 2004. Espejo, A., A.
    [Show full text]
  • JUNE ANNOUNCEMENTS June 2020 the Zoom Meeting on June 16 7:30 to 8:30
    Bromeliad Society Vol 53 No 6 JUNE ANNOUNCEMENTS June 2020 The Zoom Meeting on June 16 7:30 to 8:30 If you are not familiar with Zoom, please use this link to see how to access a Zoom meeting: https://support.zoom.us/hc/en-us/ articles/201362193-Joining-a-Meeting To access our meeting on Tuesday 6/16 use this link: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/9314781494? Tillandsia cacticola - Earthstar Designs pwd=NW1vaU5UbXlnSHN6R1I4bXdQcDFwd MEETING DATE: Tuesday, June 16, 2020 z09 TIME: 7:15 P.M. to 8:30 P.M. Zoom at this link: • Meeting starts at 7:30 on June 16 but https://us02web.zoom.us/j/9314781494? you may wish to access at 7:15. pwd=NW1vaU5UbXlnSHN6R1I4bXdQcDFwdz09 PROGRAM SPEAKER: Bob Dailey , • Meeting is one hour. “Water Awareness” MEETING AGENDA: • This is our trial Zoom meeting. • Log in time starting at 7:15 • Welcome and Announcement • Bob’s presentation is around 30 minutes. • Bob Dailey’s Presentation • Questions and Answers • He will allow time for questions. JULY PROGRAM: TBD . • If you do not have a microphone, use the Chat feature to ask questions. NEXT BOARD MEETING: July 23, 2020 (More information to come as to engagement location.) • We will most likely disable member vide- os to save bandwidth. PRESIDENT’S tions in our society and I do hope some of you will consider helping out.. PAGE I hope you all are And of course, there is another job I have been try- well and taking pre- ing to fill for some time and that is an assistant for cautions to stay that our Hospitality chair Verna Powers.
    [Show full text]
  • BROMELI ANA PUBLISHED by the NEW YORK BROMELIAD SOCIETY (Visit Our Website
    BROMELI ANA PUBLISHED BY THE NEW YORK BROMELIAD SOCIETY (visit our website www.nybromeliadsociety.org) May, 2016 Volume 53, No. 5 HOW TO KEEP A MINI GUZMANIA TO MINI SIZE by Herb Plever We have been growing mini Guzmanias for tissue cultures along with other plants, but then found about 10 years, received as tissue cultures from that I didn’t have much space to place them in my Deroose. They came as small, scrawny and thin- apartment. (This was just before I made a decisive leaved, 5-6" high plants rooted in tiny peat plugs. My reduction of my collection.) So I planted two mini practice was to transfer them into 2- Guzmanias in one 4 inch pot to save 1/2" or 3" pots, and when they were space; I squeezed them into a spot in well established I repotted them into my south facing plant stand in a 4" pots per Deroose information. corner where they got about an hour I should have thought about of morning sun and good light whether they needed something thereafter. That pair was mini different from my usual cultural Guzmania ‘Joyce’ and mini G. routines. Instead, with too many ‘Charlene’. plants to grow, I treated them as I do This past March, 2 years other Guzmanias: I grew them in after they had been potted, the mini moderate to medium natural light or Guzmania ‘Joyce’ started to bloom. under fluorescent lights, and they Its inflorescence is still growing and were fertilized with 12-9-23 coloring up more orange-yellow. fertilizer every 7 to 10 days at ½ tsp.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Foliar Trichomes on the Accumulation of Atmospheric
    Open Life Sci. 2019; 14: 580–587 Research Article Ruiwen Zhang, Guiling Zheng, Peng Li* Effects of foliar trichomes on the accumulation of atmospheric particulates in Tillandsia brachycaulos https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2019-0065 causing adverse effects on human health, including a Received March 14, 2019; accepted August 4, 2019 wide range of respiratory and vascular illnesses [1,2]. Abstract: Foliar trichomes are specialized structures Plants play a crucial role in the adsorption and reduction that have first contact with atmospheric particulate of atmospheric particulates [3-5]. They can accelerate the matter (PM), while their effects on PM accumulation are settlement of particles and effective accumulation of PM, rarely investigated. In this study, epiphytic Tillandsia while being eco-friendly with longstanding effects, and in brachycaulos with foliar trichomes was investigated. line with public needs [6-9]. Trichomes were removed artificially to investigate PM The ability of a leaf blade to accumulate PM is closely adsorption and resuspension. The results showed that related to its surface structure, such as waxes, cuticle, the maximum PM (13.94±0.20 g•m-2) and natural PM epidermis, stomata and trichomes [10-13], resulting content (10.65±1.10 g•m-2) on T. brachycaulos samples in differences of 2-3 times the amount of PM among with foliar trichomes was significantly higher than those different tree species [14-16]. Leaf surfaces with high without foliar trichomes. After PM deposition on the leaf roughness, dense micro-morphological structure and surface, more than 85% of PM was dispersed by wind deep depressions have more contact area with particulate in plants without trichomes, significantly higher than matter and, in turn, a higher accumulation of PM [17-20].
    [Show full text]