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Azido Liquids As Potential Hydrazine Replacements in a Hypergolic Bipropulsion System

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Azido Liquids As Potential Hydrazine Replacements in a Hypergolic Bipropulsion System Dissertation Azido Liquids as Potential Hydrazine Replacements in a Hypergolic Bipropulsion System Stefanie Beatrice Heimsch 2020 Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Azido Liquids as Potential Hydrazine Replacements in a Hypergolic Bipropulsion System Stefanie Beatrice Heimsch aus Mindelheim, Deutschland 2020 Erklärung Diese Dissertation wurde im Sinne von § 7 der Promotionsordnung vom 28. November 2011 von Herrn Prof. Dr. Thomas M. Klapötke betreut. Eidesstattliche Versicherung Diese Dissertation wurde eigenständig und ohne unerlaubte Hilfe erarbeitet. München, den 26.10.2020 Stefanie Beatrice Heimsch Dissertation eingereicht am: 18.08.2020 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Thomas M. Klapötke 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Konstantin Karaghiosoff Mündliche Prüfung am: 15.09.2020 Danke – ein kleines Wort mit einer unfassbaren Bedeutung: Mein ganz besonderer Dank gilt meinem Doktorvater Herrn Prof. Dr. Thomas M. Klapötke. Er hat es mir nicht nur ermöglicht, sowohl meine Bachelor- als auch Masterarbeit in seinem Arbeitskreis durchzuführen, sondern gab mir auch die Möglichkeit, unter seiner Betreuung zu promovieren. Ich danke ebenfalls für die interessante, vielseitige Themenstellung meiner Arbeit, die großartige Unterstützung bei allen meinen Fragen und Anregungen und die experimentelle Freiheit, die mir gegeben wurde. Ein älterer Mann sagte mir einst: „Ein Mensch, der Tiere gut behandelt, hat ein großes Herz“, was ich spätestens seit ich Sie kenne, Herr Professor, vollumfänglich bestätige. Ich bewundere neben all Ihrer unglaublichen Expertise auch Ihren stetigen Einsatz für den Tierschutz. Sie sind ein ganz großes Vorbild, danke für alles was Sie mir ermöglicht haben ! Mein weiterer Dank gilt der Firma ArianeGroup, insbesondere Herrn Ulrich Gotzig, die durch eine Kooperation mit der LMU das Thema überhaupt erst ins Leben gerufen haben. Ich konnte in der gemeinsamen Zeit sehr viel an Erfahrung sammeln, durfte an der Zukunftsforschung teilhaben und habe mit großem Interesse mein Wissen in der Luft- und Raumfahrttechnologie erweitert. Vielen Dank hierbei auch für die Einladung zu den Events wie den ArianeGroup R&T Days, oder PhD Days in Bremen, bei denen ich nicht nur einen Einblick in viele interessante Forschungsgebiete gewinnen durfte, sondern nebenbei auch unglaublich großartige Menschen kennen gelernt habe. Sie waren definitiv jedes Jahr ein Höhepunkt ! Herrn Prof. Dr. Konstantin Karaghiosoff danke ich ganz besonders die freundliche Übernahme des Zweitgutachtens meiner Dissertation, für die stetige Unterstützung bei allen Fragen und den immerwährenden moralischen Support. Sie sind ein ganz großartiger Professor mit viel Herz, der immer ein offenes Ohr hat, egal wie voll ihr Terminkalender auch sein mag und lassen niemanden hängen. DANKE ! Ich bedanke mich bei den weiteren Mitgliedern meiner Prüfungskommission, Prof. Dr. Hans- Christian Böttcher, Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Robert Schmucker, Prof. Dr. Jürgen Evers und Prof. Dr. Ingo-Peter Lorenz für das Lesen und Korrigieren meiner Dissertation und die aktive Teilnahme an meiner Verteidigung. Herrn Dr. Burkhardt Krumm danke ich für die Wahrung der Sicherheit im Arbeitskreis. Ich danke Ihnen, dass sie mir bei Fragen stets mit Rat und Tat halfen und ihre Erfahrungen bei kritischen Reaktionen mit mir teilten. Danke auch für die unterhaltsamen Fußballgespräche und die jährliche Lieferung der „Leckereien“ für meine Tiere. Danke an Herrn Dr. Jörg Stierstorfer für die Co-Leitung des Arbeitskreises. Ich danke für dein immer offenes Ohr und für die Lösung meiner Kristallstruktur. Du bist immer darauf bedacht, die dynamische Gruppe zu koordinieren und tatkräftig zu unterstützen, weiter so! Für deine Zukunft, insbesondere deine wachsende Familie, wünsche ich dir nur das Beste! Ein ganz großer Dank gilt der wunderbaren Frau Irene Scheckenbach, ohne die vieles nicht möglich wäre. Sie sind nicht nur ein unglaublicher Schatz, sei es für alle administrativen Belange, sondern auch durch ihr immerwährendes Verständnis eine wahnsinnige Stütze. Ich werde sie und die „Kuschelbesuche“ mit Felix und Lucky definitiv sehr vermissen und wünsche Ihnen und den Tieren von ganzen Herzen das Beste ! Meinen Bachelorstudenten Luise Sokoliuk und Katharina Kleine, genauso wie meinen F-Praktikanten Niklas Böcher, Christoph Habiger, Sean Hartmann, Stefan Weitl und Moritz Claßen danke ich für die aktive experimentelle Mitarbeit an dieser Dissertation. Ich wünsche euch für die Zukunft als Chemiker / Chemikerin nur das Allerbeste. Ohne euch wäre die Arbeit nicht das, was sie heute ist ! Danke auch an die tolle Gruppe um Dr. Michele Negri vom DLR Lampoldshausen, insbesondere auch Herrn Maxim Kurilov, die mir nicht nur bei sämtlichen Ingenieursfragen tatkräftig zur Seite standen, sondern auch einen unvergesslichen Einblick in ihre Forschung am Prüfstand gegeben haben. Ich hoffe sehr, dass der Kontakt zum Arbeitskreis zukünftig nicht verloren geht und noch weitere erfolgreiche Kooperationen entstehen. Danke auch an mein Labor D3.107, die ehemaligen und aktuellen Mitglieder, Dr. Martin Härtel (für die großartige Aufnahme in den Arbeitskreis), Greta Bikelyte (neben der Messung des Dampfdrucks, besonders auch für die vielen Bunny-Talks), Dr. Ivan Gospodinov, Dr. Marcel Holler, Dr. Johann Glück, Michael Gruhne und Marcus Lommel und an die ganze Arbeitskreis-Gruppe, insbesondere Herrn Stefan Huber für das Messen der Sensitivitäten. Besten Dank an Dr. Anian Nieder für das Korrekturlesen meiner Arbeit, deine Expertise und den Ausgleich beim Bouldern. Ebenfalls den allerherzlichsten Dank an Herrn Wolfgang Doege, der sich stunden- bzw. tagelang Zeit für die Korrektur meine Arbeit nahm. Ich bin so froh, dich zu haben! Danke an meinen Chemielehrer Herrn Michael Beinhofer, der mir seit der ersten Unterrichtsstunde die Freude an der Chemie vermittelt hat und mich den Weg des Chemiestudiums einschlagen ließ. Danke auch an meine gute Freundin Susanne Mayer, die immer an mich geglaubt hat und mir eine Stütze war, wo sie nur konnte. Seien es die gemeinsamen Ausritte, das immer offene Ohr oder der stetige Zuspruch. Ich danke dir, dass du mich seit Jahren auf dem Weg der Chemie „begleitest“ und freue mich nun endlich mit dir feiern zu können ! Meinen Freunden, die in den letzten Jahren und vor allem Wochen immer für mich da waren, möchte ich danken. Mein letzter und zugleich wichtigster Dank gilt meiner Familie, ohne die ich nicht dort stehen würde, wo ich heute bin. Meine großartige, liebste Omi Anita Engelmann, die mir seit Geburt versprach immer für mich da zu sein und ihr Versprechen nie brach, meine wundervolle, geliebte Mami Claudia Karg, die mir immer alles ermöglichte und fest an mich glaubt, und meine liebe Schwester Kristina Karg. Ich kann kaum in Worte fassen, wie viel es mir bedeutet, dass ihr mir sowohl die Freiheit gegeben habt meinen Weg zu gehen als mich auch immer unterstützt habt. Ebenfalls Danke an die tollen Männer unserer Familie, Wolfgang Doege, Helmut Wittmann und Stephan Pichler. Wie sehr ich mich schon auf das gemeinsame Feierbierchen mit euch freue. Zum Schluss dürfen natürlich meine über alles geliebten Tiere nicht fehlen, die mir jeden Tag aufs neue Kraft und Liebe schenken. Ihr seid die Sonne in meinem Leben: Cooper (unvergessen und immer in meinem Herzen), Louis, Pegaso und meine fünf Besten: Donna, Harvey, Mike, Louis (alias Lulu) und Rachel. Man muss nichts im Leben fürchten, man muss nur alles verstehen. Marie Skłodowska Curie (1867 - 1934) Physikerin und Chemikerin Table of contents Table of contents ................................................................................................................................. I List of tables....................................................................................................................................... V List of schemes ................................................................................................................................ VII List of figures .................................................................................................................................... IX List of abbreviations ......................................................................................................................... X 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ - 1 - 1.1 Classification of energetic materials .............................................................................. - 1 - 1.2 Rocket propellants .......................................................................................................... - 3 - 1.3 Hypergolicity .................................................................................................................. - 7 - 1.4 State of the art ................................................................................................................. - 7 - 1.5 Organic azides .............................................................................................................. - 11 - 1.5.1 Synthesis of organic azides .................................................................................. - 12 - 1.5.2 14N NMR spectroscopy ......................................................................................... - 13 - 1.5.3 IR spectroscopy ..................................................................................................... - 13 - 1.6 Concept and goal .........................................................................................................
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