New Zealand and Sweden: Two Models of Reform
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A Sex Worker Rights and Anti-Trafficking Initiative
ANTI-TRAFFICKING REVIEW 12 (2019): 140-154 The ‘Prioritizing Safety for Sex Workers Policy’: A sex worker rights and anti-trafficking initiative Alexandra Lutnick Abstract This article presents a case study of how sex worker and anti-trafficking organisations and activists in San Francisco, California, worked together to develop and pass the ‘Prioritizing Safety for Sex Workers Policy’. This policy, as enacted by the San Francisco District Attorney’s Office and the San Francisco Police Department, creates a legal environment where people can come forward and report to law enforcement when they are a victim of or witness to an array of violent crimes while engaged in sex work, and not be arrested or prosecuted for their involvement in that criminalised behaviour or for any misdemeanour drug offences. The article details how the groups came together and the challenges they faced while developing the policy. The work was fuelled by the recognition that no one wants people in the sex industry to experience violence. That is true whether selling sex is their choice, influenced by their life circumstances, or something they are being forced or coerced to do. The Prioritizing Safety for Sex Workers Policy is a unique example of the way in which sex workers, people who have experienced trafficking, service providers, activists, women’s rights policymakers, the police department, and the District Attorney’s office came together around a common goal. Keywords: sex work, human trafficking, policy, coalitions, violence, crime victim Suggested citation: A Lutnick, ‘The “Prioritizing Safety for Sex Workers Policy”: A sex worker rights and anti-trafficking initiative’, Anti-Trafficking Review, issue 12, 2019, pp. -
Human Rights Impact of Anti-Trafficking Interventions: Developing an Assessment Tool an International Consultation 11-13 June 2007, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Human Rights Impact of Anti-trafficking Interventions: Developing an Assessment Tool An International Consultation 11-13 June 2007, Utrecht, The Netherlands Summary Report 1. Introduction In recent years, non-governmental organisations, specialists and advocates in the field of trafficking in human beings, migrants’ rights and sex workers’ rights and related fields have observed with growing concern various negative consequences of anti-trafficking interventions. Examples are: 1. Existing measures to protect and assist individuals who are identified as victims of trafficking are inadequate and ineffective, The Humanist Committee on Human and in many instances actually further harm the rights of those Rights is a NGO based in the they are intended to benefit. Netherlands. Its mission is to contribute to the implementation of 2. Many anti-trafficking laws, policies and practices contribute to human rights throughout the world. It the stigmatisation and criminalisation of women working in non- specializes in human rights impact formal, unregulated and unprotected labour sectors, most prominently sex workers and domestic workers, both local and assessments and works closely migrant. Thus making them more vulnerable for abusive together with organizations from practices. different parts of the world. One of its products is the Health Rights of 3. In the long run, indiscriminate and repressive anti-trafficking Women Assessment Instrument laws, policies and campaigns, negatively impact on women’s (HeRWAI, see rights in general. http://www.hom.nl/english/womens_r To be able to minimise negative impacts and maximise positive ights_wrw.php ), which is a practical impacts of anti-trafficking interventions, it is important to analyse the tool for NGOs to analyse and precise relation between those interventions and the human rights influence the impact of policies on of the people affected by those interventions. -
THE CHALLENGE of TRAFFICKING Human Rights Impact Assessment of Anti-Trafficking Policy in the UK
HUMAN RIGHTS, SEX WORK AND THE CHALLENGE OF TRAFFICKING Human rights impact assessment of anti-trafficking policy in the UK A report by the x:talk project October 2010 Acknowledgments 7KLV SURMHFW ZDV PDGH SRVVLEOH WKURXJK WKH ʏQDQFLDO VXSSRUWRIWKH(XURSHDQ&RPPLVVLRQWKURXJKWKH'DSKQH programme. ,WZRXOGDOVRQRWKDYHEHHQSRVVLEOHZLWKRXWWKHSDUWLFLSDWLRQ RIWKHVH[ZRUNHUVVXSSRUWVWDIIDQGVH[XDOKHDOWKVHUYLFH SURYLGHUVZKRVHH[SHULHQFHVDQGRSLQLRQVLQIRUPWKLVUHSRUW 7KHVH[ZRUNHUVDQGDFWLYLVWVZKRFRQGXFWHGWKHUHVHDUFK LQWHUYLHZVSURYLGHGLQYDOXDEOHLQGXVWU\NQRZOHGJHFRQWDFWV DQGH[SHUWLVH:HZRXOGOLNHWRWKDQNDOOWKHVWDIIDWAIM for human rightsIRUWKHLUNQRZOHGJHDQGVXSSRUWWKURXJKRXW WKLVSURMHFW$ELJWKDQN\RXWR5XWKDQG$QGUHDDWScot Pep IRUKHOSLQJZLWKWKHQHFHVVDU\DGPLQLVWUDWLYHGHWDLOVDQGWR the Centre for the Study of Human Rights at LSE for the XVHRIPHHWLQJURRPV$ʏQDOWKDQN\RXWRWKHCentre for Possible Studies IRU SURYLGLQJ WKH [WDON SURMHFW ZLWK WKH VSDFHWRWHDFKOHDUQDQGWRRUJDQLVH +XPDQULJKWVVH[ZRUNDQGWKHFKDOOHQJHRIWUDIʏFNLQJ 8QOHVVRWKHUZLVHQRWHGWKLVSXEOLFDWLRQLVOLFHQVHGXQGHUD &UHDWLYH &RPPRQV $WWULEXWLRQ1RQ&RPPHUFLDO 8. (QJODQG :DOHV/LFHQVH<RXDUHIUHHWRFRS\FRPPXQLFDWH DQG DGDSW WKLV ZRUN VR ORQJ DV \RX DWWULEXWH WKH x:talk projectDVWKHRULJLQDODXWKRU<RXPD\QRWXVHWKLVZRUN IRUFRPPHUFLDOSXUSRVHV)RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQVHHKWWS FUHDWLYHFRPPRQVRUJOLFHQVHVE\QFXN Foreword 7KLVUHSRUWZDVSURGXFHGE\WKH[WDONSURMHFWDQGWKHPDLQʏQGLQJV UHʐHFWWKHH[SHULHQFHVDQGYLHZVRISHRSOHZRUNLQJLQWKHVH[LQGXVWU\ LQ/RQGRQ7KH[WDONSURMHFWLVDJUDVVURRWVVH[ZRUNHUULJKWVQHWZRUN PDGHXSRISHRSOHZRUNLQJLQWKHVH[LQGXVWU\DQGDOOLHV,QDGGLWLRQWR -
The Health Implications of Prostitution and Other Relevant Issues
The Health Implications of Prostitution and Other Relevant Issues By John O’Loughlin Citizens Against Prostitution Team Member Introduction My task was to research the health implications of prostitution. I found a great deal of information that helped me understand the most hotly debated issues on a deeper level, and I’ve tried to organize that information here for you. I do not necessarily endorse all of the sources referenced below, but present them to you so that you may analyze them and draw your own conclusions. All in all, there are a few things I’ve read that ring true to me: • Prostitution is not a monolithic issue. There are many different perspectives on prostitution, and none are either all right or all wrong. • In many, many instances, prostitution can have a very detrimental effect on the prostitute. • There is very little reliable data on prostitution. • Current efforts to fight prostitution have not been wholly successful. • If you are certain that prostitution is a victimless crime, you should read “Challenging Men’s Demand for Prostitution in Scotland”. • If you are certain that making prostitution illegal is the answer, read “Redefining Prostitution as Sex Work on the International Agenda”. What follows is a summary of 27 separate articles that I reviewed in my research. I simply pulled quotes from the articles with no editorial additions, and organized them (coarsely) into four categories: 1. statistical and informational (reasonably even-handed presentations of information); 2. anti-prostitution (basic agenda is to end prostitution everywhere) 3. the “johns” (focusing on the demand side of the transaction) and 4. -
The History of Prostitution Reform in the United States
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Supervised Undergraduate Student Research Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects and Creative Work 5-2004 The History of Prostitution Reform in the United States April Lynn Jackson University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_chanhonoproj Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Jackson, April Lynn, "The History of Prostitution Reform in the United States" (2004). Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_chanhonoproj/754 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Supervised Undergraduate Student Research and Creative Work at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNIVERSITY HONORS PROGRAlVI SENIOR PROJECT - APPROVAL Name: f\~( l \ l. jo.( K-SC1Y) College: kit; ~ Sc ieV1C(S Department: So C to loC\ U \JI Faculty Mentor: _b'"--"-\''----, _L=-=O,--l=---·~.:.<...-_p_{-"-~--,"SL..;S=-t,,,--,-(' __________ _ PROITCTTITLE:~~~(~1f~~~~~S~~~~~.~C~{~~~~~S~b~*~l~~~'~~~~_ ~e-6Ym \~1 ~-tl~ L~~1d-(c1 Sterk ~ I have reviewed this completed senior honors thesis with this student and certify that it is a project commensurate with honors level underbTfaduate research in this field. Signed: __....--'0'----';:-'--·_---;~· _ .......{2 __ =~::-~~_. _____, Faculty Mentor Date: s - Co - 0 t..\- Comments (Optional): The History of Prostitution Reform in the United States April L. Jackson University Honors Spring 2004 In the American tradition of reform, prostitution has been adopted during every period of American history. -
University of Groningen Trafficking in Persons Under International Law and Its Incorporation Within Enslavement As a Crime Again
University of Groningen Trafficking in Persons under International Law and its Incorporation within Enslavement as a Crime against Humanity Siller, Nicole IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2017 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Siller, N. (2017). Trafficking in Persons under International Law and its Incorporation within Enslavement as a Crime against Humanity. University of Groningen. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 23-09-2021 Trafficking in Persons under International Law and its Incorporation within Enslavement as a Crime against Humanity Nicole Jean Siller Copyright © 2017, Nicole Jean Siller. All rights reserved. Cover design and Layout: Trics Media – www.trics-media.nl Printing: Off Page – www.offpage.nl Trafficking in Persons under International Law and its Incorporation within Enslavement as a Crime against Humanity PhD Thesis to obtain the degree of PhD at the University of Groningen on the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. -
International Trafficking in Women to the United States: a Contemporary Manifestation of Slavery and Organized Crime
Center for the Study of Intelligence DCI Exceptional Intelligence Analyst Program An Intelligence Monograph International Trafficking in Women to the United States: A Contemporary Manifestation of Slavery and Organized Crime by Amy O’Neill Richard Date of Information: November 1999 April 2000 Center for the Study of Intelligence DCI Exceptional Intelligence Analyst Program An Intelligence Monograph International Trafficking in Women to the United States: A Contemporary Manifestation of Slavery and Organized Crime by Amy O’Neill Richard Date of Information: November 1999 The author is an analyst with the State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research. She conducted her research under the auspices of the DCI Exceptional Intelligence Analyst Pro- gram, administered by the Center for the Study of Intelligence. All statements of fact, opinion, analysis, policy, and position ex- pressed herein are those of the author. They do not necessarily reflect official policies, positions, or views of the Department of State, the Director of Central Intelligence, the Central Intelligence Agency, or any other U.S. Government or foreign government entity, past or present. Nothing in the contents should be con- strued as asserting or implying U.S. Government or foreign gov- ernment endorsement of this monograph's factual statements and interpretations. April 2000 Introduction Trafficking of women and children for the sex industry and for labor is prevalent in all regions of the United States. An estimated 45,000 to 50,000 women and children1 are trafficked annually to the United States,2 primarily by small crime rings and loosely connected criminal networks. The trafficked victims have traditionally come from Southeast Asia and Latin America; however, increasingly they are coming from the New Independent States and Central and Eastern Europe. -
The New Sex Worker in American Popular Culture, 2006-2016
BEYOND THE MARKED WOMAN: THE NEW SEX WORKER IN AMERICAN POPULAR CULTURE, 2006-2016 By Lauren Kirshner Bachelor of Education, University of Toronto, 2009 Master of Arts, University of Toronto, 2007 Honours Bachelor of Arts, University of Toronto, 2005 A dissertation presented to Ryerson University and York University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the joint program of Communication and Culture Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2019 © Lauren Kirshner, 2019 AUTHOR’S DECLARATION FOR ELECTRONIC SUBMISSION OF A DISSERTATION I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this dissertation. This is a true copy of the dissertation, including any required final revision, as required by my examiners. I authorize Ryerson University to lend this dissertation to other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. I further authorize Ryerson University to lend this dissertation by photocopying or by other means, in total or in part, at the request of other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. I understand that my dissertation may be made electronically available to the public. ii BEYOND THE MARKED WOMAN: THE NEW SEX WORKER IN AMERICAN POPULAR CULTURE, 2006-2016 Doctor of Philosophy 2019 Lauren Kirshner Communication and Culture, Ryerson University and York University This dissertation argues that between 2006 and 2016, in a context of rising tolerance for sex workers, economic shifts under neoliberal capitalism, and the normalization of transactional intimate labour, popular culture began to offer new and humanizing images of the sex worker as an entrepreneur and care worker. This new popular culture legitimatizes sex workers in a growing services industry and carries important de-stigmatizing messages about sex workers, who continue to be among the most stigmatized of women workers in the U.S. -
The State of Sex: Tourism, Sex and Sin in the New American Heartland
THE STATE OF SEX The State of Sex is a study of Nevada’s legal brothels that situates the nation’s only legal brothel industry in the political economy of con- temporary tourism. Nevada is part of the “new American heartland,” as its pastimes, people, and politics have become more central to the nation. The rise of a service and leisure economy over the past 60 years has propelled sexuality into the heart of contemporary markets. Yet, neoliberal laws in the United States promote business but limit sexual commerce. How have Nevada’s legal brothels survived, while the rest of the country criminalizes prostitution? How do the brothels operate? Who works in them? This book brings social theory on globalizing econ- omies, politics, leisure consumption, and emotional labor in interactive service work together with research on contemporary prostitution and sexual commerce. The authors employ an innovative, multi-method sociological approach, combining historical analysis of how the brothels came to be with over a decade’s worth of ethnographic research on the current state of the industry. Barbara G. Brents, Ph.D., is Associate Professor of Sociology and Faculty Affiliate in Women’s Studies at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Crystal A. Jackson, M.A., is a Ph.D. student in the Department of Sociology at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Kathryn Hausbeck, Ph.D., is Senior Associate Dean of the Graduate College and Associate Professor in Sociology at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Edited by Valerie Jenness, University of California–Irvine and Jodi O’Brien, Seattle University This innovative series is for all readers interested in books that provide frameworks for making sense of the complexities of contemporary social life. -
University of Groningen Trafficking in Persons Under International Law and Its Incorporation Within Enslavement As a Crime Again
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Groningen University of Groningen Trafficking in Persons under International Law and its Incorporation within Enslavement as a Crime against Humanity Siller, Nicole IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2017 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Siller, N. (2017). Trafficking in Persons under International Law and its Incorporation within Enslavement as a Crime against Humanity. [Groningen]: University of Groningen. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 12-11-2019 Trafficking in Persons under International Law and its Incorporation within Enslavement as a Crime against Humanity Nicole Jean Siller Copyright © 2017, Nicole Jean Siller. All rights reserved. -
The Concept of Demand in Relation to Trafficking in Human Beings. a Review of Debates Since the Late 19 Century
DemandAT Working Paper No.2 Norbert Cyrus The Concept of Demand in Relation to Trafficking in Human Beings. A Review of Debates since the late 19th Century Norbert Cyrus December 2015 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration under Grant Agreement No. 612869 DemandAT Working Paper No.2 Norbert Cyrus About the project Trafficking in human beings covers various forms of coercion and exploitation of women, men and children. Responses to trafficking have traditionally focused on combating the criminal networks involved in it or protecting the human rights of victims. However, European countries are increasingly exploring ways in which to influence the demand for services or products involving the use of trafficked persons or for the trafficked persons themselves. DemandAT aims to understand the role of demand in the trafficking of human beings and to assess the impact and potential of demand-side measures to reduce trafficking, drawing on insights on regulating demand from related areas. DemandAT takes a comprehensive approach to investigating demand and demand-side policies in the context of trafficking. The research includes a strong theoretical and conceptual component through an examination of the concept of demand in trafficking from a historical and economic perspective. Regulatory approaches are studied in policy areas that address demand in illicit markets, in order to develop a better understanding of the impact that the different regulatory approaches can have on demand. Demand-side arguments in different fields of trafficking as well as demand-side policies of selected countries are examined, in order to provide a better understanding of the available policy options and impacts. -
The Nature of the Original “Firm”: a Coasean Cost-Benefit Analysis of Legalizing Prostitution
The Nature of the Original “Firm”: A Coasean Cost-Benefit Analysis of Legalizing Prostitution By Malia Dalesandry Though there have been many studies of matter is that a transaction which society prostitution from the legal perspective, deems socially repugnant is not necessar- the feminist perspective, the societal ily economically inconsistent, but rather perspective, and the moral, ethical, and is also subject to the same tendencies and religious perspective, the current breadth constraints as any other market. Follow- of literature does not include a cost- ing that, perhaps the best solution to deal benefit analysis from which to examine with society’s repugnance and concerns its economic effects. This paper attempts is one based upon an economic approach a comprehensive analysis of legalizing toward perceived moral or ethical prob- prostitution while noting deficiencies in lems. Therefore, we conduct a detailed data and recognizing variations when cost-benefit analysis to determine wheth- interpreting existing data. The most er the status quo (prostitution’s illegality) salient monetary costs and benefits are is in fact the best policy, or whether the discussed and calculated, and many others are included for the sake of practice should be legalized. Currently a more developed examination. After legal in some parts of Nevada, prostitu- a sensitivity analysis and a brief tion is not federally illegal, except within discussion of how Coase’s theorem may be some specific parameters regarding chil- utilized to determine economic efficiency, dren and transportation; thus, the policy the conclusion and final recommendation change considered is that all states legal- is that, because economic benefits vastly ize consensual prostitution among adults.