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Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids in Horses: Natural Presence and Underlying Biomechanisms
ANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROIDS IN HORSES: NATURAL PRESENCE AND UNDERLYING BIOMECHANISMS Anneleen Decloedt Dissertation submitted in the fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of philosophy (PhD) in Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University PROMOTER Prof. dr. ir. Lynn Vanhaecke Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Laboratory of Chemical Analysis MEMBERS OF THE READING COMMITTEE Prof. dr. James Scarth HFL Sport Science, Cambridgeshire, United-Kingdom Prof. dr. Peter Van Eenoo Ghent University, DoCoLab, Zwijnaarde, Belgium Prof. dr. Ann Van Soom Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium MEMBERS OF THE EXAMINATION COMMITTEE Dr. Ludovic Bailly-Chouriberry Laboratoires des Courses Hippiques, Verrières-le-Buisson, France Dr. Leen Van Ginkel Wageningen University, RIKILT, Wageningen, The Netherlands Prof. dr. Myriam Hesta Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium This work was funded by the Fédération Nationale des Courses Françaises (via the Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques) and executed at the Laboratory of Chemical Analysis (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke). The author and the promoter give the authorisation to consult and to copy parts of this work for personal use only. Every other use is subject to the copyright laws. Permission to reproduce any material contained in this work should be obtained from the author. “The universe is full of magic, Just patiently waiting for our wits to grow sharper” TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I – General Introduction 1 1. Steroids 3 1.1 Chemical structure 1.2 (Steroid) hormones and their role in the endocrine system 1.3 Biosynthesis of steroid hormones 1.4 Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) 1.5 Synthesis and absorption of the steroid precursor cholesterol 2. -
General Agreement on Tariffs Andtrade
RESTRICTED GENERAL AGREEMENT TAR/W/87/Rev.1 16 June 1994 ON TARIFFS AND TRADE Limited Distribution (94-1266) Committee on Tariff Concessions HARMONIZED COMMODITY DESCRIPTION AND CODING SYSTEM (Harmonized System) Classification of INN Substances Revision The following communication has been received from the Nomenclature and Classification Directorate of the Customs Co-operation Council in Brussels. On 25 May 1993, we sent you a list of the INN substances whose classification had been discussed and decided by the Harmonized System Committee. At the time, we informed you that the classification of two substances, clobenoside and meclofenoxate, would be decided later. Furthermore, for some of the chemicals given in that list, one of the contracting parties had entered a reservation and the Harmonized System Committee therefore reconsidered its earlier decision in those cases. I am therefore sending you herewith a revised complete list of the classification decisions of the INN substances. In this revised list, two substances have been added and the classifications of two have been revised as explained below: (a) Addition Classification of clobenoside, (subheading 2940.00) and meclofenoxate (subheading 2922.19). (b) Amendment Etafedrine and moxidentin have now been reclassified in subheadings 2939.40 and 2932.29 respectively. The list of INN substances reproduced hereafter is available only in English. TAR/W/87/Rev. 1 Page 2 Classification of INN Substances Agreed by the Harmonized System Committee in April 1993 Revision Description HS Code -
A20-0767), As Follows:
05/05/20 03:02 pm HOUSE RESEARCH JD/RK H2711A8 1.1 .................... moves to amend H.F. No. 2711, the delete everything amendment 1.2 (A20-0767), as follows: 1.3 Page 21, delete section 1 1.4 Page 36, delete section 2 1.5 Page 40, delete section 3 and insert: 1.6 "Section 1. Minnesota Statutes 2018, section 152.02, subdivision 2, is amended to read: 1.7 Subd. 2. Schedule I. (a) Schedule I consists of the substances listed in this subdivision. 1.8 (b) Opiates. Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any of the 1.9 following substances, including their analogs, isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of 1.10 isomers, esters, and ethers, whenever the existence of the analogs, isomers, esters, ethers, 1.11 and salts is possible: 1.12 (1) acetylmethadol; 1.13 (2) allylprodine; 1.14 (3) alphacetylmethadol (except levo-alphacetylmethadol, also known as levomethadyl 1.15 acetate); 1.16 (4) alphameprodine; 1.17 (5) alphamethadol; 1.18 (6) alpha-methylfentanyl benzethidine; 1.19 (7) betacetylmethadol; 1.20 (8) betameprodine; 1.21 (9) betamethadol; Section 1. 1 05/05/20 03:02 pm HOUSE RESEARCH JD/RK H2711A8 2.1 (10) betaprodine; 2.2 (11) clonitazene; 2.3 (12) dextromoramide; 2.4 (13) diampromide; 2.5 (14) diethyliambutene; 2.6 (15) difenoxin; 2.7 (16) dimenoxadol; 2.8 (17) dimepheptanol; 2.9 (18) dimethyliambutene; 2.10 (19) dioxaphetyl butyrate; 2.11 (20) dipipanone; 2.12 (21) ethylmethylthiambutene; 2.13 (22) etonitazene; 2.14 (23) etoxeridine; 2.15 (24) furethidine; -
Pharmaceutical Appendix to the Tariff Schedule 2
Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2007) (Rev. 2) Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2007) (Rev. 2) Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE TARIFF SCHEDULE 2 Table 1. This table enumerates products described by International Non-proprietary Names (INN) which shall be entered free of duty under general note 13 to the tariff schedule. The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers also set forth in this table are included to assist in the identification of the products concerned. For purposes of the tariff schedule, any references to a product enumerated in this table includes such product by whatever name known. ABACAVIR 136470-78-5 ACIDUM LIDADRONICUM 63132-38-7 ABAFUNGIN 129639-79-8 ACIDUM SALCAPROZICUM 183990-46-7 ABAMECTIN 65195-55-3 ACIDUM SALCLOBUZICUM 387825-03-8 ABANOQUIL 90402-40-7 ACIFRAN 72420-38-3 ABAPERIDONUM 183849-43-6 ACIPIMOX 51037-30-0 ABARELIX 183552-38-7 ACITAZANOLAST 114607-46-4 ABATACEPTUM 332348-12-6 ACITEMATE 101197-99-3 ABCIXIMAB 143653-53-6 ACITRETIN 55079-83-9 ABECARNIL 111841-85-1 ACIVICIN 42228-92-2 ABETIMUSUM 167362-48-3 ACLANTATE 39633-62-0 ABIRATERONE 154229-19-3 ACLARUBICIN 57576-44-0 ABITESARTAN 137882-98-5 ACLATONIUM NAPADISILATE 55077-30-0 ABLUKAST 96566-25-5 ACODAZOLE 79152-85-5 ABRINEURINUM 178535-93-8 ACOLBIFENUM 182167-02-8 ABUNIDAZOLE 91017-58-2 ACONIAZIDE 13410-86-1 ACADESINE 2627-69-2 ACOTIAMIDUM 185106-16-5 ACAMPROSATE 77337-76-9 -
A28 Anabolic Steroids
Anabolic SteroidsSteroids A guide for users & professionals his booklet is designed to provide information about the use of anabolic steroids and some of the other drugs Tthat are used in conjunction with them. We have tried to keep the booklet free from technical jargon but on occasions it has proven necessary to include some medical, chemical or biological terminology. I hope that this will not prevent the information being accessible to all readers. The first section explaining how steroids work is the most complex, but it gets easier to understand after that (promise). The booklet is not intended to encourage anyone to use these drugs but provides basic information about how they work, how they are used and the possible consequences of using them. Anabolic Steroids A guide for users & professionals Contents Introduction .........................................................7 Formation of Testosterone ...............................................................8 Method of Action ..............................................................................9 How Steroids Work (illustration).......................................................10 Section 1 How Steroids are Used ....................................... 13 What Steroid? ................................................................................ 14 How Much to Use? ......................................................................... 15 Length of Courses? ........................................................................ 15 How Often to Use Steroids? -
DHEA Sulfate, and Aging: Contribution of the Dheage Study to a Sociobiomedical Issue
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate, and aging: Contribution of the DHEAge Study to a sociobiomedical issue Etienne-Emile Baulieua,b, Guy Thomasc, Sylvie Legraind, Najiba Lahloue, Marc Rogere, Brigitte Debuiref, Veronique Faucounaug, Laurence Girardh, Marie-Pierre Hervyi, Florence Latourj, Marie-Ce´ line Leaudk, Amina Mokranel, He´ le` ne Pitti-Ferrandim, Christophe Trivallef, Olivier de Lacharrie` ren, Stephanie Nouveaun, Brigitte Rakoto-Arisono, Jean-Claude Souberbiellep, Jocelyne Raisonq, Yves Le Boucr, Agathe Raynaudr, Xavier Girerdq, and Franc¸oise Foretteg,j aInstitut National de la Sante´et de la Recherche Me´dicale Unit 488 and Colle`ge de France, 94276 Le Kremlin-Biceˆtre, France; cInstitut National de la Sante´et de la Recherche Me´dicale Unit 444, Hoˆpital Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France; dHoˆpital Bichat, 75877 Paris, France; eHoˆpital Saint-Vincent de Paul, 75014 Paris, France; fHoˆpital Paul Brousse, 94804 Villejuif, France; gFondation Nationale de Ge´rontologie, 75016 Paris, France; hHoˆpital Charles Foix, 94205 Ivry, France; iHoˆpital de Biceˆtre, 94275 Biceˆtre, France; jHoˆpital Broca, 75013 Paris, France; kCentre Jack-Senet, 75015 Paris, France; lHoˆpital Sainte-Perine, 75016 Paris, France; mObservatoire de l’Age, 75017 Paris, France; nL’Ore´al, 92583 Clichy, France; oInstitut de Sexologie, 75116 Paris, France; pHoˆpital Necker, 75015 Paris, France; qHoˆpital Broussais, 75014 Paris, France; and rHoˆpital Trousseau, 75012 Paris, France Contributed by Etienne-Emile Baulieu, December 23, 1999 The secretion and the blood levels of the adrenal steroid dehydro- number of consumers. Extravagant publicity based on fantasy epiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate ester (DHEAS) decrease pro- (‘‘fountain of youth,’’ ‘‘miracle pill’’) or pseudoscientific asser- foundly with age, and the question is posed whether administration tion (‘‘mother hormone,’’ ‘‘antidote for aging’’) has led to of the steroid to compensate for the decline counteracts defects unfounded radical assertions, from superactivity (‘‘keep young,’’ associated with aging. -
WO 2012/148570 Al 1 November 2012 (01.11.2012) P O P C T
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2012/148570 Al 1 November 2012 (01.11.2012) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, A61L 27/14 (2006.01) A61P 17/02 (2006.01) CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, C08L 101/16 (2006.01) DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, (21) International Application Number: KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, PCT/US20 12/027464 MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, (22) International Filing Date: OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SC, SD, 2 March 2012 (02.03.2012) SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (25) Filing Language: English (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (26) Publication Language: English kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (30) Priority Data: GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, 13/093,479 25 April 201 1 (25.04.201 1) US UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, WARSAW ORTHOPEDIC, INC. -
Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 80 / Wednesday, April 26, 1995 / Notices DIX to the HTSUS—Continued
20558 Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 80 / Wednesday, April 26, 1995 / Notices DEPARMENT OF THE TREASURY Services, U.S. Customs Service, 1301 TABLE 1.ÐPHARMACEUTICAL APPEN- Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DIX TO THE HTSUSÐContinued Customs Service D.C. 20229 at (202) 927±1060. CAS No. Pharmaceutical [T.D. 95±33] Dated: April 14, 1995. 52±78±8 ..................... NORETHANDROLONE. A. W. Tennant, 52±86±8 ..................... HALOPERIDOL. Pharmaceutical Tables 1 and 3 of the Director, Office of Laboratories and Scientific 52±88±0 ..................... ATROPINE METHONITRATE. HTSUS 52±90±4 ..................... CYSTEINE. Services. 53±03±2 ..................... PREDNISONE. 53±06±5 ..................... CORTISONE. AGENCY: Customs Service, Department TABLE 1.ÐPHARMACEUTICAL 53±10±1 ..................... HYDROXYDIONE SODIUM SUCCI- of the Treasury. NATE. APPENDIX TO THE HTSUS 53±16±7 ..................... ESTRONE. ACTION: Listing of the products found in 53±18±9 ..................... BIETASERPINE. Table 1 and Table 3 of the CAS No. Pharmaceutical 53±19±0 ..................... MITOTANE. 53±31±6 ..................... MEDIBAZINE. Pharmaceutical Appendix to the N/A ............................. ACTAGARDIN. 53±33±8 ..................... PARAMETHASONE. Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the N/A ............................. ARDACIN. 53±34±9 ..................... FLUPREDNISOLONE. N/A ............................. BICIROMAB. 53±39±4 ..................... OXANDROLONE. United States of America in Chemical N/A ............................. CELUCLORAL. 53±43±0 -
BP601T Medicinal Chemistry III (Theory) UNIT II Prepared By- Mrs. Sneha Kushwaha Assistant Professor Rama University Kanpur Anti
BP601T Medicinal Chemistry III (Theory) UNIT II Prepared by- Mrs. Sneha Kushwaha Assistant Professor Rama University Kanpur Unit II 10 Hours Antibiotics Historical background, Nomenclature, Stereochemistry, Structure activity relationship Chemical degradation classification and important products of the following classes Macrolide: Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin. Miscellaneous: Chloramphenicol*, Clindamycin. Prodrugs: Basic concepts and application of prodrug design. Antimalarials: Etiology of malaria. Quinolines: SAR, Quinine sulphate, Chloroquine*, Amodiaquine, Primaquine phosphate, Pamaquine*, Quinacrine hydrochloride, Mefloquine. Biguanides and dihydro triazines: Cycloguanil pamoate, Proguanil. Miscellaneous: Pyrimethamine, Artesunete, Artemether, Atovoquone. Antibiotics B.Pharma – 3rd Year VI Sem. UNIT II – Antibiotics By - Sneha Kushwaha (Asst. Professor) Subject – Medicinal Chemistry (BP601 T) Macrolide Antibiotics Introduction The macrolides are a class of natural products that consist of a large macrocyclic lactone ring to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. The lactone rings are usually 14-, 15-, or 16-membered. Macrolides belong to the polyketide class of natural products History The first macrolide discovered was erythromycin, which was first used in 1952. Erythromycin was widely used as a substitute to penicillin in cases where patients were allergic to penicillin or had penicillin-resistant illnesses. Later macrolides developed, including azithromycin and clarithromycin, -
Public Law 108–358 108Th Congress An
PUBLIC LAW 108–358—OCT. 22, 2004 118 STAT. 1661 Public Law 108–358 108th Congress An Act To amend the Controlled Substances Act to clarify the definition of anabolic steroids and to provide for research and education activities relating to steroids and Oct. 22, 2004 steroid precursors. [S. 2195] Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, Anabolic Steroid Control Act of SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 2004. This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Anabolic Steroid Control Act 21 USC 801 note. of 2004’’. SEC. 2. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ACT. (a) DEFINITIONS.—Section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802) is amended— (1) in paragraph (41)— (A) by realigning the margin so as to align with para- graph (40); and (B) by striking subparagraph (A) and inserting the following: ‘‘(A) The term ‘anabolic steroid’ means any drug or hormonal substance, chemically and pharmacologically related to testosterone (other than estrogens, progestins, corticosteroids, and dehydroepiandrosterone), and includes— ‘‘(i) androstanediol— ‘‘(I) 3β,17β-dihydroxy-5α-androstane; and ‘‘(II) 3α,17β-dihydroxy-5α-androstane; ‘‘(ii) androstanedione (5α-androstan-3,17-dione); ‘‘(iii) androstenediol— ‘‘(I) 1-androstenediol (3β,17β-dihydroxy-5α-androst-1- ene); ‘‘(II) 1-androstenediol (3α,17β-dihydroxy-5α-androst-1- ene); ‘‘(III) 4-androstenediol (3β,17β-dihydroxy-androst-4- ene); and ‘‘(IV) 5-androstenediol (3β,17β-dihydroxy-androst-5- ene); ‘‘(iv) androstenedione— ‘‘(I) 1-androstenedione ([5α]-androst-1-en-3,17-dione); ‘‘(II) 4-androstenedione (androst-4-en-3,17-dione); and ‘‘(III) 5-androstenedione (androst-5-en-3,17-dione); ‘‘(v) bolasterone (7α,17α-dimethyl-17β-hydroxyandrost-4-en- 3-one); ‘‘(vi) boldenone (17β-hydroxyandrost-1,4,-diene-3-one); ‘‘(vii) calusterone (7β,17α-dimethyl-17β-hydroxyandrost-4- en-3-one); VerDate 11-MAY-2000 08:28 Nov 10, 2005 Jkt 029194 PO 00000 Frm 00525 Fmt 6580 Sfmt 6581 C:\STATUTES\2004\29194PT2.001 APPS10 PsN: 29194PT2 118 STAT. -
Sports Drug Testing and Toxicology TOP ARTICLES SUPPLEMENT
Powered by Sports drug testing and toxicology TOP ARTICLES SUPPLEMENT CONTENTS REVIEW: Applications and challenges in using LC–MS/MS assays for quantitative doping analysis Bioanalysis Vol. 8 Issue 12 REVIEW: Current status and recent advantages in derivatization procedures in human doping control Bioanalysis Vol. 7 Issue 19 REVIEW: Advances in the detection of designer steroids in anti-doping Bioanalysis Vol. 6 Issue 6 Review For reprint orders, please contact [email protected] 8 Review 2016/05/28 Applications and challenges in using LC–MS/MS assays for quantitative doping analysis Bioanalysis LC–MS/MS is useful for qualitative and quantitative analysis of ‘doped’ biological Zhanliang Wang‡,1, samples from athletes. LC–MS/MS-based assays at low-mass resolution allow fast Jianghai Lu*,‡,2, and sensitive screening and quantification of targeted analytes that are based on Yinong Zhang1, Ye Tian2, 2 ,2 preselected diagnostic precursor–product ion pairs. Whereas LC coupled with high- Hong Yuan & Youxuan Xu** 1Food & Drug Anti-doping Laboratory, resolution/high-accuracy MS can be used for identification and quantification, both China Anti-Doping Agency, 1st Anding have advantages and challenges for routine analysis. Here, we review the literature Road, ChaoYang District, Beijing 100029, regarding various quantification methods for measuring prohibited substances in PR China athletes as they pertain to World Anti-Doping Agency regulations. 2National Anti-doping Laboratory, China Anti-Doping Agency, 1st Anding Road, First draft submitted: -
2019 Prohibited List
THE WORLD ANTI-DOPING CODE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD PROHIBITED LIST JANUARY 2019 The official text of the Prohibited List shall be maintained by WADA and shall be published in English and French. In the event of any conflict between the English and French versions, the English version shall prevail. This List shall come into effect on 1 January 2019 SUBSTANCES & METHODS PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES (IN- AND OUT-OF-COMPETITION) IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 4.2.2 OF THE WORLD ANTI-DOPING CODE, ALL PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES SHALL BE CONSIDERED AS “SPECIFIED SUBSTANCES” EXCEPT SUBSTANCES IN CLASSES S1, S2, S4.4, S4.5, S6.A, AND PROHIBITED METHODS M1, M2 AND M3. PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES NON-APPROVED SUBSTANCES Mestanolone; S0 Mesterolone; Any pharmacological substance which is not Metandienone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylandrosta-1,4-dien- addressed by any of the subsequent sections of the 3-one); List and with no current approval by any governmental Metenolone; regulatory health authority for human therapeutic use Methandriol; (e.g. drugs under pre-clinical or clinical development Methasterone (17β-hydroxy-2α,17α-dimethyl-5α- or discontinued, designer drugs, substances approved androstan-3-one); only for veterinary use) is prohibited at all times. Methyldienolone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylestra-4,9-dien- 3-one); ANABOLIC AGENTS Methyl-1-testosterone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-5α- S1 androst-1-en-3-one); Anabolic agents are prohibited. Methylnortestosterone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylestr-4-en- 3-one); 1. ANABOLIC ANDROGENIC STEROIDS (AAS) Methyltestosterone; a. Exogenous*