“Earthrise” taken by astronaut William Anders Apollo 8, Dec 24, 1968 Apollo 17’s “the blue marble” 1972

World Population Trend 1 billion in 12 yrs

7 7 6 6 5.3 5 4.5 4 850 million 3.7 in 200 yrs 3 billion 3 2.52 2 1.65 1 0.8 1 0 1700 1800 1900 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2012

World population increased more in the 12 years between 2000 & 2012 than it did in the 200 years between 1700 and 1900 Las Vegas, Nevada May, 1973 Population 358,400 Las Vegas, Nevada June, 1991 Population 937,261 Las Vegas, Nevada May, 2000 Population 1,563,282 Las Vegas, Nevada February, 2006 Population 2,013,267 City of College Station, Texas Change in City Limits and Development 1938 – 2003 (65 years)

Example of resource use: Transportation • U.S. represents 5% of the world’s population but uses ~ 25% of the world’s oil. • Oil use in 2007: #1 USA used 20.7 million bbl/day; #2 China 7.5 million bbl/day…. • U.S. has 30% of the world’s motor vehicles. 66% of oil used in the U.S. goes to transportation. • Motor vehicles cause more air pollution than any other single resource use. • 30-50% of urban land is dedicated to auto transport • Rate of car ownership and miles travelled are down in USA over last 5 - 10 years. Questions

• Is growth sustainable?

• Is development sustainable? What is sustainable development? • Bruntland Commission 1987: “… meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” • Recognition of limits • Maintenance of resources, places • Lasting, enduring Three principles of sustainable places • Strive to maintain an ecological/biological balance in a place ▪attempt to balance between open space for habitat, flood control, cleaner air, cleaner water and infrastructure: transportation, buildings ▪encourage behaviors and adopt technologies that conserve resources • Strive to create or maintain a sense of place ▪history/culture (what’s a place mean to residents and visitors) ▪the aesthetic of place (visual, auditory, olfactory) • Strive to provide equitable access to process and decisions regarding place ▪including citizens in why and how to change ▪equitable access to places and services Highways

Ecological - Land Use Issues Greenway System Benefits: Greenways wildlife habitat/biodiversity flood control water & air quality alternative transportation fitness and recreation Green Infrastructure

http://greeninfrastructure.net/content/definition-green-infrastructure Parks and other open space in proper balance with built environment

http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/greeninfrastructure/index.cfm Ecological - open space and land use issues - building design considerations

Mass transit Building design Permeable pavement Solar lighting Houston Ecology - Transportation

Anchorage

Plano Design for Alternatives to the Car Bike/Ped Bridge, Austin Austin’s Lady Bird Lake Trail Recreation and Transportation A Center Piece in Urban Design Classic Urban Center Piece NYC Central Park – Olmstead and Vaux Planning an Alternative System Mixed Land Use: Salt Lake City, UT: Location & Connectivity Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design - LEED • Certification program that is administered by the U.S. Green Building Council • Awards points for “green” building and development practices • Different point levels allow projects to achieve different certification levels: Certified (40-49 pts); Silver (50-59 pts); Gold (60-79 pts); Platinum (over 80 pts) LEED Certification for Construction

• Site is important – brownfield redevelopment; alternative transport supported through access and facilities; protect habitat; maximize open space; stormwater control; reduce light pollution • Water efficiency – reduce use of water; rainwater collection • Energy and atmosphere – minimize energy consumption; on-site renewable energy • Materials and resources – reuse existing buildings; recycled content; certified wood • Indoor environmental quality – ventilation; low emitting materials; daylight and views; controllability of lighting systems LEED Certification for Neighborhoods

• Location and linkages – reduced automobile dependence; bicycle network and storage; jobs and proximity; steep slope protection; site design for habitat, wetland, water conservation • Neighborhood pattern – walkable streets; mixed use centers; reduced parking footprint; street connectivity; access to recreation facilities; access to civic and public spaces; local food production; tree lined shaded streets; neighborhood schools; mixed-income diverse communities Sense of Place Sense of Place – Design with nature Brison Park, College Station

Cell tower designed to blend with nature

Sense of Place - Denver First impressions: Denver International Airport Denver Convention Center RecreationalEquipmentInc. Denver… - Historic power plant redeveloped - Located on Platte River - Reflects Denver’s history and Colorado’s outdoor active image Dallas Convention Center Sense of Place – History/Culture Sense of Place –

A River as focal point

Water Sense of Place –

Transportation Old bridge design influenced the new Maintaining “sense of place” in a new development. Original control tower retained at Mueller Development in Austin, TX Mueller Development has incorporated local art and has maintained 20% of the land as parks and open space to help create a sense of place, create habitat and manage stormwater. Equitable access to process & decisions

Planning and design processes have traditionally reflected only the ideas of experts

client design Public design should include ideas of many - guided by experts

Desire for Livable design change Example – creating one facility for multiple user groups Skate park design team included important user groups People need to understand what they have

Trail planning field trip Hearing from many - regional stakeholders provide input for national park transportation Summary

• Many of our places are changing rapidly • The sustainability concept can help guide change • Good planning/design of parks and other tourism places should contribute to sustainable (lasting) communities. Ecology of place (behaviors, land uses, technologies) Sense of place (visual quality, history, identity) Equity in place (including many perspectives and offering many opportunities)