TITLE: The diversity of primates: from biomedicine to conservation genomics AUTHORS: Joseph D. Orkin1*, Lukas F.K. Kuderna1*, Tomas-Marques-Bonet1,2,3,4$ 1 Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, UPF-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain 2 CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and 3 Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain 4 Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain * These authors contributed equally $ Corresponding author Name Email ORCID Joseph D. Orkin
[email protected] 0000-0001-6922-2072 Lukas F.K. Kuderna
[email protected] 0000-0002-9992-9295 Tomas Marques-Bonet
[email protected] 0000-0002-5597-3075 CORRESPONDING AUTHOR CONTACT INFORMATION Tomas Marques-Bonet UPF-PRBB Carrer Dr. Aiguader, 88 Barcelona, 08003 Spain +34 93 3160887 RUNNING TITLE Primate Diversity and Genomics ARTICLE TABLE OF CONTENTS 1) INTRODUCTION: The three themes of primate genomics 2) PRIMATE DIVERSITY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY Strepsirrhini Haplorhini 3) PRIMATE CONSERVATION 4) PRIMATE POPULATION GENOMICS Apes Cercopithecidae Platyrrhini Strepsirrhini 5) MAJOR LIMITATIONS OF PRIMATE GENOMICS 6) METHODOLOGICAL ADVANCES FOR NON-INVASIVE GENOMICS 7) THE FUTURE OF PRIMATE CONSERVATION GENOMICS KEYWORDS (6 max) Primates, conservation, non-invasive, whole genome sequencing, population genomics ABSTRACT (150 words max) Until now, the field of primate genomics has focused on two major themes: understanding human evolution and advancing biomedical research. We propose that it is now time for a third theme to receive attention: conservation genomics. As a result of anthropogenic effects, the majority of primate species have become threatened with extinction. A more robust primate conservation genomics will allow for genetically informed population management.