S\TII}IETIC GAh.fES

Synthetic Garnes

Play a shortest possible game leading tCI ...

G. P. Jelliss

September 1998

page I S1NTHETIC GAI\{ES

CONTENTS Auto-Surrender BCM: , Oppo-Cance llati on Che s s CA'. ()hess Amafeur, EP: En Part 1: Introduction . .. .7 5.3 Miscellaneous. . .22 Passant, PFCS'; Problemist Fairy 1.1 History.".2 Auto-Coexi s tence Ches s Chess Supplement, UT: Ultimate 1.2 Theon'...3 D3tnamo Chess Thernes, CDL' C. D" I,ocock, GPJ: Gravitational Chess G. P. Jelliss, JA: J. Akenhead. Part 2: 0rthodox Chess . ...5 Madrssi Chess TGP: T. G. Pollard, TRD: 2. I Checknrates.. .5 Series Auto-Tag Chess T. R. Dar,vson. 2.2 Stalernates... S 2.3 Problem Finales. . . I PART 1 I.I HISTOR,Y 2.4 Multiple Pawns... l0 INTRODUCTIOT{ Much of my information on the 2.,5 Kings and Pawns".. l1 A'synthetic game' is a sequence early history comes from articles 2.6 Other Pattern Play...13 of moves in chess, or in any form by T. R. Dar,vson cited below, of variant chess, or indesd in any Chess Amsteur l9l4 especially. Part 3. Variant Play . ...14 other garne: which simulates the 3.1 Exact Play... 14 moves of a possible, though Fool's Mste 3 .2 Imitative Direct. . . l 5 usually improbable, actual game? A primitive example of a

3.3 Imitative Oblique.. " l6 and is constructed to show certain synthetic game in orthodox chess 3.4 Maximumming...lT specified events rvith fewest moves. is the 'fool's mate': l.f3l4 e6l5 3.5 Seriesplay ...17 The following notes on history 2.g4 Qh4 mate. These moves 3.6 New Opening Arra5's... 17 and theory of the subject also serve apparently first appeared in print Philidor as a bibliography. Some other in Arthur Saul's Famot{s Game af Odds sources relating to individual Chesse-Play, 1614 (according to Bishops All on White problems are cited alongside the H. J. R. Murray, A Historv o_f AII Men Ctuarded problems in the text. Chess, Oxford Universlt)' Press Special thanks are due to the l9l3; reprint 1969, note p"832, Part 4. Yariant Pieces . ".. 18 Rev. Peter Kings for sending fte who notes that "The r,lark is more 4. I Nerv Kings... l8 details of the C. D. Locock L944 curious than useful, but its Capturable Kings article in the BCM. classification of the different mates Scorpions deserves to be remembered."). Flying Kings Presentation Saul lvrote there "but seldome or 4"2 New Queens... 18 Within each section the never shall you see a good player Q+N,,'r?+.V / Lion problems are listed in order of receive such a, mate", but lengfh of solution, w.hich is sholln (according to Ken Whyld, Varianf / Sh-Qneen in square brackets after the bold Chess 1991 vol. l, p. 96) the term 4.3 Nerv ltuights... 19 heading w.hich states the aim. 'fool's mate' first appeared in a

Csmel / Zebrs t'Giraffi is shor,rm by the later edition revised by Barbier . Nightrider upward pointer n instead of the Fool's mates can be inv'estigated 4.4 New Pawns... 19 more usual equals sigr, - which in all chess variants; they solve the Side-Step Pawns servss for or . A problem: Play a Shortest possible Reversible Pswns single dagger f means and a flame ending in checlanate. 4.5 Multiple Nerv Pieces.., 19 double dagger $ . Akenhead's Game Numbered ssctions cited: $3. I . Ssm Loyd Months in dates are shown by Like so nrany other gmd things Part 5. Variant Rules . ...2A lorver case roman numerals i - xii. in the world of chess and , 5.1NewBoards...20 Square brackets are also used at however, it was (lS4l - Alice Chess the end of, a game to give its l9l l). 250 )'ears later, who really Moebius Clqe,s,s composer and source, and at the launched the subject by publishing 5.2 New Capture Rules.. .21 end of the statement of rules of a his solutions to a set of five Antipodean to acknowledge its problems in Le Sphinx x 1866 (and Free Capture Chess inventor. The following initials are subsoquently in several other Oppo-Surrender Chess used to abbreviate frequent entries: places). He gave shortest games

page 2 S1'I\ITI{ETIC GAMES leading to (a) checkmate, w.ith Stratford Express, l, 8, 15, 22 ii 1.2 TFMORY imitative play i,e. Black's 1930; and in his book on Ultimate The challenge to tlrc compossr moves copFng those of White, Themes,l938. of a synthetic game is to determine, (b) selfmate, again with imitative In his survey of synthetic games to w.ithin a limited range of play; (c) discovered checlnnnte, in CA 1914, Dawson mentioned permissible variatioil, & lengthy, (d) stalemate, {e) . G. R. Reichehn, A. M. Deane, and complex, interesting, ingenious, Loyd republished this set of W. A. Shinkman as well as Loyd artistic, humorous, outrageous, of problems ten years later. 18?6, in among pioneers of the subject, and otherwise qualified ssqusnce of the first issue of the Arnericsn later work by H. A. Adamson, moves by providing minimal Chess Jyurnal, where he wrote: E. N. Frankenstein, J. Jespersen, infonnation about the aims to be "It $"ill not be amiss to have a little H. E, Dudeney, M. Sieurac and fulfilled by the ssquence. impromptu extribition, bearing P. H. Williams, with C" D. Locock The composer of a syrthetic upon conditional positions pro- as the leading exponent at that gams is really a solver" He starts duced from the position of thc time. I have not been able to trace with a 'specrfication' and seeks a forces as arranged for actual play. examples by all these compossr$, sequence of movss to satisfy it, I find two by Breitenfel{ one by no doubt they are hidden away in A synthetic game can also be Max L,ange, soms from 'Si$sao, &e many newspaper chess columns described as a 'help-play gEnme', Dr Moore. sh, but as all can be that flourished in the late lgth and since the two players co-operate in solved in less moves than irrtended early 20th csnturies. If readers cary{ng out specified objectives} by the authors, I give them under unearth any of these earlier uslng the fewest moves. one heading, w.ithout authorship, examples please let me know" for and have thrown in a few similar future editions of this coltrection. Inexilctness ideas that occurred to me ..." {C. J. Feather, reported to me that In , and indeed in (as quoted by A. C. White tn Sam unforhrnately there ars no s1'rrthetic problems gpnerally, it is a currently Loyd nnd his Chess Probleffis, gamss in Dawson's problem accepted requirement of most 1913; Dover Publications, New collection, which he now holds.) practitioners that the ssquence of York, reprint 196?, pp.58*59). moves leading to the solution From this it seems that some of C. D. Lococh should be uniquely determined. ths questions had been proposed The plalrr and problemist This moans that not only are the earlier, but Loyd gathered them Charles Dealtry Locock (1862 moves deternfnd but also their together and improved on them, 1946) publishsd two little bocklets order canmt be varied. with lastirry impact. It is often the containing a selection of his rvork, In synthetic games how$ver, it is case that the first solution by the I20 Chess Problems and Puzzles seldom that all the movss, ffid their proposer of a synthetic game in l9l2 and 70 More Chess sequsnce, ars determinate, because problem is later improved on by a Problems and Puzzles in 1926. the composer is trying to control so solver. Where known t have cited These contain only a small part of much with so little. both proposer and solver. his output, &s is shown by his Games which are determined comment on synthetic gafires uniquely frorn start to finish, with fl Jl' Dawson leading to positions in w{rich the no possibihty of of Synthetic gilmes lvere a special 2Ks and 16Ps are left to delineate moves are termed 'exact' synthetic interest of the expert the initials of some dedicatee: girmes, and forrn a specialised Thomas Rayner Dawson (1889 "I give tr,vo specimens of some 30 subject of study in themselves. 195 t ) who published articles on which I have made". The 'enurneration' of how many the subject in various publications Locock was also the main shortest games there are that that he contributd to or edited, contributor to a series of syrthetic satis$' the given conditions can be including: Cheltenham Etcominer, garne problems published in the regarded as an unstated rider to 20 ii 1913; Reading Obserlrer, 12, 'Problsm World' section of the any synthetic game problem. For 19, 26 vii l9l3; Chess Amateur, British Chess Magazine, 1942-7. example, the fool's mate in vii, viii, ix l9l4 (sec also The TRD Other solvers being J. A. Lewis, orthdox chess can be played in Book, a manuscript in the British D. B. Pritchard, P. C" Taylor, eight ways: there are two squarss Society" Library); T. G. Pollard M, E. M. Jago, to n'hich the f-palvn can go (f3 or l'Echtquier iii, d,, vii, viii, L929; J. Akenhead and T. R. Dawson. fi[], two for the e- (e6 or e5)

page 3 SYNTHETIC GAI\,.MS and tlr.o orders for the White the fool's mate is of length 2 and problem in diagram form mav moYes (f-paurn or g-pa\vn first), Loyd's stalemate, erding en sometimss be justified on grounds giving 2xTx2: I sequsnces. White's lOth move is of length 9%. that the specification is tm The determination of the It u.ill be noted that in the complex to express in words and it numbers of variations possible can shortest gams to checlanate it is is simpler to give a pictorial guide. take one into realms of higher Black w.ho has the last mCIve, while I contrast a syrthetic garne to mathernatics of surprising com- in the shortest game to stalemate it position r,vith an 'qnalyfic game' in plexity" We quote a ferv results, is White. In this respect synthetic rvhich you ars gil'en the final r,vhere known and of interest, but games differ from most other chess position, which cannot be varied. do not detail the methods of problem stipulations, in w'hich the and are required to find a shortest calculation" For those r,*.'ho wish to player of the coup de gras is fixed girms that could have produced it. digress in this direction, soms by canvention ffiite in direct- Analytic gamss are a branch of sxamples, and analysis of methods mates and help-mates. Black in 'retroanalysis' in which given of enurneration, will be found in self-mates). positions ars examined and Schach und Zahl (Chess and This point is often overlmked, deductions are made about Nunrber) by E. Bonsdorff, and in several examples it has been previous play. In analytic games K, Fabel and O, Riihimaa (r#alrcr possible to shorten the solution by the condition that the position be Rau Verlag, Dtisseldorf, 3rd half a unit by inverting the position reached in the fewest moves edition 1978). to give the last movs to the other becomes an item of evidence in the In the opening position each plaSer. Given any syrthetic girme retroanalltical reasoning, often play'er has a choice of 20 moves we ean ask the same problem with used to justiff capture' (all quite playable, but some more the other player having the last , turn of move, ffid so on. fashionable than athers)" so there move, but the solution will My original intention lvas to are 20x20 - 400 ways of playing normally be Yz a unit longer and devote a further part of this the first pair of moves" The number usually less exact. collection to such problems., of choicss of rnove alailable An element of interest is last if however, the publication of an increases as line-piscss are freed, the number of moves in the excellent book Shortest Proof so the number of u'ays of playing solution is pre-specified, since the Gsrnes, The Rubik's Cube af a the first i/ pairs of movss must be reduction of the task by the last Chess Player, by Gerd Wilts and r,lell in excess of 20 to ths power one or tr,vo single movss is the Andrey Frolkin (Wilts, Karlsruhe 2N. For example for ]f - 6 this is tricky part of the process" l99l), devoted to this aspect of the 20 to &e power 12, rvhich is over subject, relieved me of an onerous 4 thousand million million. Thus a Games to Position task. This contains 160 analytical mere 686 out of this total as in my Sometimes a svnthetic game games, mostly exactly dstermined game to male by necessary castling may be presented as a 'game to and many of recent composition. indicates that this spthetic game is posifion' . How'ever, if the position Much more rvork on this topic has really rather well determined! rather than the specification is been done since then, probably due To insist that our studies in this presented for solving, then anather to the application of computers, and related fields be confined only important element is lost. The and a new edition from those to exa.ct game$ is inordinately solver is then only a re-solver, authors maY soon be called for. restrictive in mv vierv. asked to re-construct the girme. The diagram of a synthetic game Restrictions Length conclusion should only be taken as The synthetic game composer, We follow the usual convention a guide, ffid it is acceptable to give contrary to the enumerationist, is in recording gamss of numbenng a solution in which pieces are interestcd in determining his game the successive moves of \4hite and differently arranged so long as the as exactly as possible. To this end Black by the same numbers and same overall effect is achieved. it may be acceptable to specify thus of counting moves in pairs. If the effect can be shornn in a various extra conditions. Thus mate on Black's nfth move is slightlS, different final position One that is applicable in most a game of length ff, rn'hile mate on reached in fewrr moves, then this cases is to require the play by one White s gf+l)th move is a game of is a definite improvement on the or both players to be either length if + Yz (written I{/z't Thus composer's result. Presenting a 'minimal' or 'msximal'. Bv this

page 4 $I}{TFIETIC cA}vlES mean piece ws that if a has to length is to require a 'qntre' finale. Mate by queen's [3Yr:J move then it moves as much or as In the case of checkmate this l.e4 e6 7.d4 Ke7 3.Qh5 Kf6 little as possible . For example, rneans that each squars in the 4.Bg5f or 1.d4 e6 2"Qd3 Ke7 rninimal play by a kniglrt's pawrl 's field is either blocked or 3.h4Nf3 Kf6 4. Be5f pure, except and its associated bishop producss guarded oncs onl_v (not both Nf3 ICDL 1e441 a fianchstto formatiotr, say b3, blocked and guarded, nor guarded Mate with determinate last Bbz, n'hile maximal play would twice). If every square of the moYe $tA l.e3 h5 2.8d3 95 give b4, Ba3, in sach case reducing king's field is blocked ws have & 3.8h7 f5 4"896$ [E.Bonsdorff four possibilities to one. Rather '', while if svery Schach und Zahl l9?ll than give all possible variations, squars is vacant we have a, 'mirror Mate by NxB [4] 1.g3 Nf6/hh6 rn{rich r,vould be tedious and space- mote'" Quite often however, this z.BsZ Nd5Ng4/NhsNfs 3.Nf/ consuming, most of the solutions extra condition may require extra Nh3 Ne3/lr{fi1/hlh4 4.Rfl t {"g2$ quoted in the fallowing collectios, moves to fuIfiL and it then pure smothered rnate. [CDL 19261 where variation is possible, are becomes part of the formula of the Mate by NxQ I4l l.c4 c6l5 given in minimel form. gams rather than a device to limit 2.Nc3 Na6/l*{c6 3"Qc2 Nb4/I{d4 It is also possible for the the number of salutions. The same 4.Ndl ]r{x cZt pure smothered mate rninimal condition to be imposed can be said of the requirement f,or [cDL BCM re44] on sne player and the maximal on exact play. Mnte by BxQ [4] l.e3 d5 the other: this 'mini-msJc' or 2.Qe4 Qd6 3.Ke2 hs/Nh6 4.Kf3 'mexi-min' condition, producing PART 2 _ B*g4$ purs or 1.e3 e5 2.Qe4 Qh4 mors contrasted play. ORTHODOXCHESS 3"Ke2 dj 4.Kfi n*g4$ impure Another range of conditions that B{:M 1e461 All the apply, lcDL I have tried out are restrictions on Discovered mate I.f3 e5 except the one that ttrc plaS'ers t4l the number af succsssive moves 2.Kf2 3.Kg3 a.Kg4 d6$ oppose each otlrer. h5 h4t that can be played piece. by sach [S. Loyd Le Sphinx viii 18661 In 'single-series play' no piece 2,1. makes mors than one series of Extensive series on mates by moves in the solution. In other particular pieces were given by words, if it is known uihere the C. D. Locock in Brftish is to end up then it must Magazine 1944 * 7, and by myself make its journey there all in one in En Passanf (rnagazine of the unintemrpted sequencs. In 'Flon- National series play' on the other hand no Club) 1981. Many simple man may make succsssive movss. v x mates are too obvious need Another restriction which has to considerable potential is 'quick- attribution to a narned composer. Mate 1.fi/4 e6/5 7,94 cap play' in $rhich a capture must tzl Qh4* Mate by pawn t4l 1.e3 e5 pure mate. (8 ways) be made at the first opportunity, 2.Ke2 Nf6 3.KR Bd6 4.8e2 e4* Mate by bishop l.e3 f6 o(herwise the right lapses. For [ZYrl l.e3 d5 ?.KeZ Qd6 3.Kf3 e5 4"8e2 2.8d3 h6/5 3.896$ or l.e3l4 f6/5 example if l.d4 e5 then 2.dxe5 e4f l.d4 c6 Z.KilZ Qc? 3"Kd/e3 Z.BIZ 3.Bh5f pure (12 ways) may be plal'ed now but not later. 95 Qe3t 4.Ke4 d5* 1.d3 aS Z.KdZ d5 Mnte by l.e3 Ncd (This condition may also have t3l 3.Kc3 Be6 4.Qd2 d4 or l.e4 d5 2.93 Nd4/t{e5 3.h{e? Nf3* or 1.e3 retroanalyical possibilities, since it Z.KIZ g5 3.Ke3 Bg4 4.8d3 d4* Nc6 2.c3 Nb4A.{e5 3.Ne2 Nd3$ or is time-conditional, like the en 1.e3 d5 2.Ke2 Qd6 3.Kfi g5 4.8e2 1.e3 Na6 2.c3 Nb4l]t{c5 3.Ne2 passant capture). Where complete g4* purs mates, ses also $3. I hld3f smothered mate. ways} quick-cap play is impossible it is {72 Mate by bishop's pawn t4'/rl attractive to try to keep the number Pure rnate by king's knight 1.c3 d6 2.f4 Kd7 3.Qaat Ke6 I.Nf3 of delayd captures., and tlre length lSYrl e6 2.Ne5 96 3.NxdT 4.Qb5 Nf6 s.fst l.e4 d6 ?.fix Kd7 Ne7 4.Nf6* ofthe delay, to a minimum" or l.Nf3 e6 2.Ne5 c6 3.b3 Ke6 4.8b2 Bd7 5.f5$ l.s4 e6 3.Nxff Ne? Nd6f 1.Nh3 e6 Another t51pe of condition that or 2.d1 Ke7 3.Bg5t Kd6 4.c4 Nc6 2.Ng5 may help to reduce the number of c6 3"Nxfl Ne? 4.Nd6* 5.c5$ 1.d4 e6 2.c4 Ke7 3.g3 Kdd many more impure solutions. solutions without adding to the 4.BgZ Be7 5.c5$ pure mates.

page 5 S}NTFIETIC GAIUES

Mate by 's pnwn llYrl mate [T.R.Dawson CA 19141 QB: Nh6 5.Kf3 fxe6 6.Qe2 00f but l.NA Nh6 2.e4 f6 3.h4 Kff l.d4 e5 2.dxe5 Bc5 3.Q*d7f RfB alone would do. ICDL l9l2l 4.Bc4t Kg6 5.h51 1.e3/d3 f5 2.h4 BxdT 4.e4 B*f2t 5.Kdl Bg4f Kf/ 3.Qf3/QdZ f4 4.Q*fitt Kg6 pure mate ICDL BCM 19461 l.e4 5.h5* l.e3 d6 2.Qhs Kd7 3.a4 d5 2.exd5 Be6 3.d6 exd6 4.Ke2 Kc6 4.Bb5T Kb6 5.a5$ pure mates Qe7 5.Nf3 Bc4$ impure rnate Mate by Px(P) t4'/r1 Mate by' lJ. Akenhead BCM T9471 KPxKBP at f7 rvith B or Q guard. Mate, moving only Ns IsYrl Mate by R I4Yrj There are Can be solved by moving only many tvays of minimum length 4t/r. KNs: 1.Nh3 Nf6 2.N95 Ng4 3.Ne6 Examples with added conditions Ne5 4.Nxf$ Ng5 5.Ne6 NfB (see also $3.1): 6.N*97$ or I.Nf3 hlf6 2"Nd4 Nd5 Pure Mate by RxP I4Yrl 1.a3 3.Nc6 Nb4 4.NxdB Nc6 5.Ne7 e5 2.Nc3 Bxa3 3.Ne4 BfB (sr,vitch- NdB 6"N*c7f pure smothered mate Mate by necessary castling (the full castling move to give back) 4.Ra5 Ke? 5.Rxs5$ 1.h4 e5 [TRD CA 19231. Other solutions [6Yrl mate, not the rook move alone) 2.Nc3 Q*h+ 3.Ne4 Qd3 4.Rh5 of same length if both Black Ns l.e4 d6 2.8d3 Kd7 3.f3 Ke6 4.e4 Ke7 S"Rxesf [C. D. Locosk Che,r,.r may bs moved, e.g. l.Nfi Nc6 5.h3 7.00f Amateur xti 19201 2.Nh4 Ne5 3.Ng6 Nh6 4.NxfB Ke5 Kfit 6.Ne2t Kxf3 (not 7.Rfl Kez) P. Jelliss Pure Mate by RxB \4'/rl l.al Ng6 5.Ne6 NfB 6.N*97* but as tG. En Passant 19811 find the c5 Z.aS Q*as 3.Rxa5 96 4.Rxc5 WQN mate takes 6Y, moves ITRD vi I number of ways of playrng a game Bg7 5.Rxc8f under 'minimal play' CA 1923.1. See also lTYrl below. to this finale to be 49(whits) x the solution is exact IGPJ 19SU Mate by P^B [5Yzil l.e4 e5 2.d4 l4(black) _ 686. See the note on Double-check mate I4Yrj 1.Na3 f6 3.d5 Qe7 4.d6 Kf7 5.dxe7 Ke6 exactnsss in Introduction. d5 7.c3 h5 3.Nb5 Rh6 4.Qa4 Rd6 6.e8^Bf impure IGPJ 2A i 199U the 5.N'd6f All the pieces except the l.d4 d6 2.e4 Kd7 3.e5 Kc6 4.exd6 Bishops can be captured with Kb6 5.dxe7 c6 6.exd8^B* pure double-check mate this way n 4Y, IGPJ EP ix lesU [CDL Sunday Tirnes LZ iti 1917] Mate by P^Q/R l4'/rl I "e4 e6 2.e5 Bd6 3.exd6 KfS 4.dxc7 Nh6 5.c*d8^Q or 4...Ne7 S.c*d8^Rf pure ICDL BCM 1944] Mate by P^N t5l 1.b3 e5 2.d3 e4 3.Kd2 exd3 4.Kc3 dxeZ 5.Kb2 exdl^N* pure mate Man- ICDL Mnte by discovered double chester Weekly Times 28 xii 19l2l check L6Yrl (this can only be by ep capture) l.c3 f6 2.h4 Kf? 3.Qb3t Ke6 4.h5t Kh6 s.Qf7 Nc6 6.d4f Only Yz ertra for exact, see $3. I . Mate by PxP ep IsY'l Direct. 95 7.hxg ep* discovering checks 1.b4 h6 2.8b2 f5 3.e4 Kff 4.exf5 from Bcl and F&l [Dom Cyprian Stockford The Problemist i 19891 Qe8 5.Qga 95 6.fxg ep$ pure mate ICDL CA i 1921] Discovered: l.e4 For exact solution in 6 see $3. 1 . e5 2.Qh5 Nc6 3.g4 d6 4.g5 Kd7 Mate by NxQB 1.e4 e6 2.d3 tsl 5.Bh3f f5 6.9*f epf impure [P. Bb4f 3.Ke2 Nc5 4.8e3 Qgs 5.8d4 Benko, quoted by L. Barden The |rlxd4f [CDL re26] Guardian 1973(?)l Mate by NxRP at home t5l Double-check mate by P t6l 1.e3 d5 Z.KIZ Qd6 3.Kf3 Nf6 1.d4 e5 2.dxe5 d5 3.Kd2 Bc5 4.Ne2 Ng4 5.Rgl N*h2* 4.Nc3 Bg4 5.Qel d4 6.e314 d*ef Dsuble-check mate by B t5l [Dom Cyprian Stockford 1989J KB: 1.d4 e5 2.dxe5 d6 3.Qd2 l3l4 Mate by castling t6l l.e4 e5 dxe5 4.Qe3 Bd6 5.Kd2 Bb4* pure 2.8c4 Bc5 3.8e6 Bxf2f 4.KeZ page 6 S$ITHETIC GAIUES

Mate moving only Ns, one Mate with only Ks and Bs left, for 25 moves. TRD found the from each wing, each taking BP only Ps and Bs moving, only Bs above solution 16 xii 1916 and visiting opposite N homebase capturirgo no promotions t20l according to his MS books but did f7Y,l 1.Nf3 Na6l 2.Ne5 Nc5 1.d4 d6 2.f3 h6 3.Bxh6 Be6 not publish it until BCM xt 19461 3.Nxd7 Ne4 4.NbS Nxf2 5.Nc6 4.8 *97 Bxa2 5,Bxh8 f6 6.BxfS Ne4 6.Nxd8 Nxd2 7.Ne6 Nxbl Bxbl 7.Bxe7 Bxc2 I.BxdB Bxdl 8.N*c7f IGPJ after TRD CA 9.Bxc7 Bxe2 l0.Bxd6 Bxf3 19231 Contrast to unconditional 1 l.BxbB B*g2 ll.Bxa7 Bxhl cass (which takes only 5% moves). t3.Ba6 Bd6 l4.B xb7 Bxh2 Smothered mate impossible as each 15.BxaB B*gl 16.8d5 Bxd4 N takes even number of moves. 17.8*98 Bxb2 l8.Bf2 Bxal Mateo the mated side having The conditions take slack out of 1e.Bc4 20.8fl Bc3$ BA [CDL n0 move not even a K-move into choice of moves making it exact, I9l2 reports a solution in 20 by check (Le chechlochl, the fewest but given here instead of in I E. N. Frankenstein but does not $3. pieces remain, all captures by Ps since exactness is not determined give the movss. TRD found the and Ns, the mating pieces moYe given the final position only. solution 4 according above i l9l7 minimally but the mated pieces to his MS books but did not maximdly, and the same piece ,89,,&AE publish it until xii 1946 in BCA{I has the first and last rnoYes I33Yrl efut-?tut l.Nh3 e6 2.e3 Ke? 3.892 Kf6 4.8c6 bxc6 5.Nc3 Ba6 6.Nd5t ry.d, cxdS 7.e4 dxe4 8.fi1 Nh6 g.Rfl ,ffiffi Ng4 10.RR exf3 I l.a4 Bfl 12.b4 "%'* a6 I 3 .b5 axbS L4 .c4 b x c4 15 .d3 ft,'ffiti,ffi bft"fffi cxd3 16.Qe2 dxeT l7.Ba3 Kf5 Mate, both players capturing 18.8d6 cxd6 19.a5 Nf2 20.a6 Ke4 QRBN and promoting to QRBN 2l.Rai h5 22.Re5 dxe5 23.a7 l-4 d3xc2 5-8.d6xc7 24,axb8^N Mate by Q*Q, both Qs being [20] "a7xb7 exfil f*93 25.Nxd7 a3xb2 9-l2.g6xh7 f3xe2 l3-16.f6 gxhz 26.Nxf$ Kg2 promoted KPs t8l 1.e4 d5 2.exd5 Kg3 27.Nxe6 xe7 g2l Nc6 3.dxc6 e5 4.cxb7 e4 5,Nf3 L7.bxa8^R bxcl^R l8.cx 28.Nxd8 Khl zg.Nxff RaeS exf3 6.b*a8^Q f"gZ ?.KeZ gxhln d8^B cxbl^B l9.exf8^N gxhl^N 30.Nxh8 96 3l.N*96 h4 32.Nxh4 20"hxg8^Q e*dl^Qf IGPJ original Rgl 33.Ng2 f"g2 34.N*f2t Q 8.Qe4t Q*e4f IGPJ EP x tesq ix 19981 (mate?) original ix 19981 mateo QRBN are IGPJ captured, Ps promote to QRBN, and two promoted men give mate Hi ,'ffi w2 while each is attacked by the two other promoted men UiYil l-3.f6 e3 4.f"97 e*dZt 5"Kf2 dxBcl^N 6.9"R&8^Q f5 7-8.95 f3 9.g6 f*e2 1O.gxfu7 e*Qd1^B 1 1.hxNg8^R The position shown was given Be4 12.Rg6 Ne2 l3.Qh5 Nf4 Mate with only Ks and Ns left, by lff. Heidenf$ld BCM lii 1956. 14.Re6$ [GPJ EP x lesU only Ps and Ns moving, only Ns Some reformers argue that capturi*g, no promotions [241 'checklock' should not count as Black directlv'imitates White up to checkmate but stalemate since the the ll mark. l.Nf3 2.e4 3.Nxe5 game must end before the potential 4.N xfl 5.Nxh8 6.g3 7.N*g6 capture of the king can take place. 8.NxfS 9.Nxh7 10.NfB 11.Nxd7 12.b3 l3.Nxb6 l4.Nxa8 15.Nb6 For firrther examples of games 16.Nxc8 I7.Nxa7 18"c3 19.Naxc6 ending in mate see the exact, 20.Nxd8 2l.Ne6 22.Nd2 ll 23.Nd4 imitative and maximumming Nc5 24.Ne2 Nd3t ICDL sst the games in $3 on Variant Play. problem in BCM vr 1909, asking

page 7 S\NTHETIC GAMES

2.2. Stnlemate King and I Pawns The following, reflections and [12] Capturing the other officers. rotations thereof, are all possible Stalemate f9'Al 1.e3 a5 2.Qh5 Proposed by J. J. Secker, solved by final positions for the 8 officers Ra6 3.Qxa5 h5 4.Q xc7 Ra-h6 M. Caillaud Problemist i 1982. problem. The last has three pins. 5.h4 f6 6.Q*d7f Kf7 7.Qxb7 Qd3 I.c4 a5 2,Qa4 e5 3,Qc6 dxc6 4.e4 8.Qxb8 Qh7 9.Qxc8 Kg6 l0.Qe6- Bb4 5.8d3 Q*d: 6.hlh3 Bxh3 7.a4 [Sam Loyd Le fiphinx x 1S66J Q*bt 8.b3 Q*al 9,c5 Qxclt 10. Ke2 Q*ht I l.g4 Qf3t 12.Kel 95*

An absolute classic! Play is not quite exact (e.g. 4.h4 ... 5.Qxc7) Stalemate of all 8 officers Stalemate without capture t12l U3Yrl Captunng the pawlls. This In other words, stalemate all 16 rvas also proposed by G. Reichelm men of one colour. This problem Brentano s Chess Monthly i 1882, \,vas proposed, in 16 moves, by but apparenty solutions \,vere not G. Reichelm Brentano'.r Chess publishsd until exactly 100 years Monthly i 1882. Reduced to 15 by later rn The Problemist r 1982: J. C. J. Wainwright, then to 13 by -WQR not moving: In'//, l.h4 W. A. Shinkman before LZ was 95 2.h"95 e5 3.Rxh7 Q*gS reached by C. H. Wheeler Sunny 4.Rxff Nc6 S.RxdT Ng-e7 6.Rxc7 South 1887 . l.a4 c5 2.d4 d6 3.Qd2 Qe8 7.Rxb7 Bf5 8.Rxa7 RxaT e5 4.Qf4 e4 5.h3 Be7 6.Qh2 Bh4 9.e3 Bh? 10.8e2 Ng6 11.8h5 Rg7 7.Ra3 Be6 8.R93 Bb3 9.Nd2 QaS 12.d4 Kf? l3.dxe5 Nc-e7 14.Qd7: 10.d5 e3 11.c4 f5 12.f3 f4 -= [J. J. Seckerl

2.3. PROBLEM FINALES The requirement in these problems is to plry a game leading to a position for a chess problem with a given stipulation, such as directmate or selfinate. Directmate in 1 (i.e. Position with 1 mating move) tl%1 The fool's mate less the last move. Alternatives: Black Qh4, Bb4, -WKR not moving: Ll3Yrl l.a4 [D.J. Morgan and J. Franklin Pa5 or Qh4, Ba5. Subsequently 12 b5 2.axb5 e5 3.Rxa? QS5 4.Rxc7 BCM'Quotes & Queries' 19751 move solutions were rediscovered Ra7 5.Rxd7 Nc6 6.Rxff Bf5 Directmate in 2 |l7rl l.f3 e6 independently by S. Loyd, E. N. 7.R*97 Ng-e7 8.Rxh7 BxhT 9.e3 2.h3 for 2...Qh4t 3.93 Q*g3* pure Frankenstein, H. E. Dudeney and Qs8 10.8e2 Ng6 I I.Bhs Rg7 ITRD UT 1e381 W. H. Thompson, so that the result 12.d4 Nc-e7 13.dxe5 Kff t4.Qd7- Position with next move forced has often been misattributed. [M. CaillaudJ Position as above UYrl l.e3 f5 2.Qh5t forcing 96 (Historical notes from TRD but move aL, aZ to hl, M and add (4 ways) [E.Bonsdorff Sommer- L'Echiquier 1929 and UT 1933). WPbi (only WQR captured). lr)sungsturnier 1964J

page 8 S\TITI{ETIC GAI\.{ES

Directmate in 3 I21 l.e3 f6 Similar on d-fiIe. [A. J. Souweine Determinate last move, not Z.BIZ h5 for 3.Bxh5f Rxh5 PFCS iv, vi 19331 check or mate I6Yrl A solution 4.Q"h5t 96 5.Q*96$ or l.e3 f6 Directmate in 2, ep k*y, and using fer,vest men is: I "a3 then W 2.8d3 various for 3.Qh5t 96 pure mates tsl l.e3 f6 2.8d3 95 interchanges KN and KR r,r,{rile 4.QlB"g6f h*96 5.QlB*96* 3.QS4 Kff 4.f4 Kg? 5.f*95 h5 BNs come to aZ and c3 to shut in [8. Tomson Chess in Austrslia for 6.9*h5eptt KfI/I(xh6 7"tsg6f QR and QN, ending ?.Ng3-hl. Yiilviii/19851 /Qe6* tC. D. Locock Reading [The existence of solutions was Ilirectrnate in 4 [2'/rl l.d3 d6 Observer 30 xi l9l2l first shown by K.Fabel, V.Ropke 2.Kd2 e5 3.Ke3 fur 3...Qg5t Directmnte in 2, after 0O tsl and T.Siers Die Schwsf&e xii 1934 4.Ke4 Nf6t 5.Kf3 QS4t 6,Ke3 1.d4 96 2.Qd2 Bg7 3.h4 Nh6 4.hs and v 1936. Ths solutions l\'ere Qf4* [rRD {fT le3sl 00 5.Qxh6 Bh8 for 6.h*96 any counted as 17158 by J.Himbsrg Perpetuel check lzYrl l.Ft e5 7.Q{x}h?f but dual mates Q*h8l Helsingin knomaf 22x l96U 2.Kf2 Qf6 3.Kg3 for QxP$t 4.Kh3 gxh? after some movss" ICDL Selfmate in l, double check Qh6t 5.Kg3/4 Qf4t 6.Kh3 and so Harnpstead Express 21 xii 19127 mate t7l I,c4 d6 2.e3 Kd? 3.g3 on {6.Kh5 loses} fSarn Lo3'd Le Directmate in 2, nfter {m0 tsl Ke6 4 Qe4f Ke5 5.Ke2 Nc6 6.b3 Sphtnx x lS66l 1.d4 d5 2.8f1 c5 3.Bxb8 Qasf b6 7.Kf3 Bb? for 8.Bb2f Nd4* or Determinate last moye lTYzl 4.Qd2 Bd? 5.8e5 000 for 6.Qxaj 1.d4 e5 2.dxe5 d6 3,Qd5 dxe5 1.c4 d5 2.c5 Kd? 3"c6t similarly b6/else 7.Qa6$/Qc7f ICDL 4.Kd? b6 5.Kd3 Nd? 6.8e3 Ke? other WPs [E.Bonsdorff Scltsch Hampstead Express 21 xii 19121 7.Nc3 Bb? for S.Q*eSf N*e5* und Zahl 19?U Note that a single Setfmate in 1 [1Yrl l.c4 e5 tC. D. Locock and D. Pritchard movs such as I,c4 is not 2"Nc3 Ke? 3.Nf3 Kd6 4.Nd4 Qh4 BCM ii, iv 19431 determinate, since the position 5.e4 Ne7 6.Ke2 for 6...Q*e4f Selfmate in 2, Pawn mate t?l could be reached by, say 1.Nf3 7.N*e4* pure ICDL BCM v 19091 l"c3 e6 2.b3 Ne? 3.e3 Ng6 4.8b5 Nf6 2.c4Ng8 3.Ng1. Ke? 5.Ke2 Kf6 6.Kd3 Kfs 7.Kc4 Directrnnte in 2n non-check key f6 for 8.Qh5t Ke4 g.Qdst e*d5l l.e4 t3l 96 z.Nfi Bh6 3.Ne5 95 or 1.e3 f6 24.Kg4 Kh6 5.K&4 QeS for 4.Qh5 any 5.Q*fff ICDL 6.Qf3 Qf/ 7.93 d6 for I.Qf4f Hampstead Express 2I xii lgl2! g5/Kg6 g.Q{x)g5t f*gS* ICDL Tr*pped King t3l This means and J. A. Lew.is, BCM ii, iv 19421 K is unable to move and cannot be Selfmate in 2, Bishop mate t7l given a flight by a movs of one of l,fil h6 2.Nf3 h5 3"Kf2 d6 4.c3 his msn. I,Na3 e6 2.Nc4 Qh4 Kd? 5.Kg3 h4t 6.Kg4 Ke6 7.Qa4 3.Ne3 Bb4 IGFJ c. le80J Bd? for 8.Qe4f Kf6t 9,Qf5t Directmate in 2, ep key [4J Le4 B*f5* ICDL BCM iii, vi 19421 d6 2.8c4 Position with I mating moves Nc6 3.e5 KdT 4.Qe4t f5 Selfmate in 3 [?J l.d3 e6 Z.fit f6 l.e3 e5 Z.KIZ Nc6 3.Kd3/ F'/rl 3.h3 4.Qd2 Kf/ 5,Kf2 Ke? Kf3 4.Ke4 96 Qes Qh4t 5.Kf5 f6 6.Kg3 Kh6 7.Kh4 Bg7 for S.fSt 6.e4 and mates b)r 96, d6, d5, Nd4, gst e.Q*s5f f"g5t l0.B*ssf Nc-e7, Ng-e7, hlh6, Qfit, QSs Q*sS* [TRD UT te3sl of the above Souweine [solvers Selfmate in 4 ITYrl I "e4 d6 2.e5 problem PFC-S vi 1933J f5 3.g3 hf 4.f3 Kff s.KfZ Kg6 Position with 1.5 mating moYes 6.Iq2 Khs 7.Kh3 Qd7 8.892 for 1.e3 f6 2.a4 Kf7 3.a5 Ke6 t6l 8 ..f4f e.ed Q*e6t l0.gat Q*g4f 4.Ra4 Ke5 5"8c4 Ke4 6.Qh5 Nh6 t 1.f*g4t B*g4f lz.Q*g4f ITRD and mates by d3, f3, Nc3, and Qds Ulttmate Themes 19381 l1 B moves. tC. D. Locock and Selfmate in 3o double check [S] for 5.e*f spt 5. 6.Q*ef* or T. R. Dawson Problemist w 19261 ".e6 l.e4 e5 2"f4 d5 3.Nfi Nd? 4.f5 S...KeB fI$ D. Locock Selfmate in 2 I.f3 e6 tC. [6'/'l QSs 5.Kf2 Qx d}t 6.Kg3 Ke7 Reading Obsewer 30 xi 1912J Z.I

2"4. MULTIPLE P$141519 Here we consider a distinctive group of problems involving playing a shortest garne to leave a gtven number of pawns of the sams colour on the same file. Some results ars listed by S. I. Rubin Journal of Recreafional Mstlte- mafics vol.l0 t1977 - 78) issue 4, pp.285-6 and issue 5, pp.3 l2-3, but without actual movs ssqusnces. Also salves selfinate in 2 with gives UYrl l.e4 d5 Rubin minima on other double check in improvable? [9], 2.e nd5 and similar to leave files: e 17, d lTYz, f 13, bg lsYr. Directmate 2n in ep key and doubled pawns on any file" 14 The ah cases require 37 moves. four llight squares fsr K "this This t?l ways. tS. J. Rubin 19771 Septupled Pawns [.l6t/zl can be done ... but with impure can achieved 'momentarily' Two-fold Doubled Pawns [Tt/rl be mates" [C" D. Locock 1926] sams colour. l.e4 d5 Z.exdJ Bh3 before the seventh pawn promotes, Directmate in 4, reached by 3.gxh3 opposite: 1.e4 d5 2"8a6 and only on the d and e files. play Le4 e5 2.Nf3 19771 'natural' [l2] b*ad 3.e*d5 IGPJ I i 1980] [S.J.Rubin Nf6 3.8c4 Nxe4 a.Qe2 Nxf2 2-fold 6-tupled I Yrl Trebled Pawns t3l l.e4 d5 Pawns [3 5.Kxf2 Bc5f 6,d4 Bb6 7.Nc3 d6 2.8c4 dxe4 3.8e6 fxe6 (7 u'ays), l.ga b5 2.a4 h5 3.axb5 h*94 4.b3 8.ReI Kf8 9.Qd3 exd4 l0.Ne4 d5 5.8a3 Bh6 6.8d6 7.fxe3 c. d, e files only. [E. Bonsdorff 96 Be3 I I,Bxds 12.Qa3t Qxds KgS Helsingin Sanomat 6 iii 1960I cxd6 8"Ra4 Rh5 9.RfiX Rc5 10.b4 Three-fold Doubled Pawns 95 I l.bxcS gxfi1 l2-16.h8^B al^B fSYrl 1.e4 d5 2.Bia6 Bh3 3.9*h3 17.8e5 Bd4 18.exd4 dxe5 l9.F&3 Ra3 20.Re3 Nc6 bxa6 4.exd5 [E" Bonsdorff Rd3 2l.Nf3 Helsingirc Sanornat 6 iii 1960J 22.bxc6 gxf3 23.8h3 fxe3 24"8e6 dxe6 25.exd3 Fourfold Doubled Pawns I4Yrl Qd6 26.Nc3 Nf6 l"d4 e5 2.8h6 Ba3 3.dxe5 gxhf 27.Ne4 Nd5 28.c4 f5 29"Qe2 Bd7 4.Qd6 cxd6 5.bxa3 [E, Bonsdorff 30,cxds fxe4 3l.c*d6 fxe2 Helsingin Sanomat 6 iii 19601 32.c*d7f IGPI Problemist i 19821 Quadrupled Pnwns tl'Al Lc4 d5 2.f4 e5 3.cxd5 Bd6 4.fxe5 Bfs ,,ffi,rffi 5.exd6 and White mates in 4 by 13.Nf6t Bd3 6.exd3 in d, s files gxfs l4.Qf8t KxfB 15.Bh6f Ke8 only IGPI 1981J For fourfold quadrupled pawns 'New 16.Re8$ The position shown here, see the Kings' ru:ffi'M from New York Clipper c.188$, section. Pawns 1.e4 was quoted lrr'CA x 1918 as a mate Quintupled tgl d5 2.d3 3.895 cxd3 in 4 by P" Richardson, but is c5 c4 4.8f6 5.Qg4 6.Qe6 ?.Nf3 evidently based on a position frorn dxe4 fxe6 8.Ne5 fxeS 9.8e2 actual play. D. C. Blake in CA i gxf6 dxe2 in e-file only 198 1919 reconstructed the game, a [GPJ U The six pawns of each colour Sextupled Pawns La4 b5 Petroff Defence" as above. ILLYII each play at least 12 moves 2.b4 e5 3.fil Bc5 4.fxe5 d6 5.exd6 'Natural play' resernbles that of a including 9 captures, which Nc6 6.dxc7 7.axb5 Be6 combative game of chess, not Qd3 account for all &e other men. The 8.bxc6 Bc4 9.bxc5 Nf6 l0.exd3 hating self-evident help-play, but Black aP and White hP must Ne4 I 1.dxc4 Nc3 l2.dxc3, c-onl,v. is difficult to define explicitly. promote to gst into position to be J. Rubin 1977 states that I rnention it as an idea for further tS. captured, taking 6 moves each" To llYz is the minimum and that can exploration. it gst the other men into position to be achieved only on the c-fiIs, but be captured takes Black 12 moves does not grve the moves, rlnhich are and \ilhite 13, the extra move from GPJ Problemist i l9S2.l arising because the WQ cannot

page 10 SY].{T}{ETIC GAhIES

reach e3 in one move, whereas the 2.5. KINGS AND PAWNS 12.Nb5 c*b5 l3.cxb4 bxa6 BQ can reach d6 in one. This Particularly popular of this type l4.bxa5 Bb? ls.Bf?[ Bd5 l6.Qd3 difference is neede{ since White ars synthetic games leading to Bb3 I7.cxb3 Ba3 lS.bxa3 000 must have the last movs, checking positions in which the men {2Ks l9,Ra-clf Kb? 20.Rc6 dxc6 the Black king. This gives a and l6Ps) delineate tlrc initials of 2l .Qf5 Rd4 22.Rel Ra4 23.Kh3 minimum of 3 0Y, pairs of moves to some dedicatee. The pawns are exfll 24.Re6 gxf5 25.Rf6 gxf6 reach the diagram position, but a usually arranged so that seven 26.bxa4" ITRD Pittsburgh Lesder further pair must be lost ow.ing to captures by pa\rrls on each side are 13 iv 19131 inter rences (men gefting in each implied. If not, the other missing other's way). officers ars captured by Ks or by Z-fold 6-tupled Pawns, without other officers before themselves check [32] l.h4 95 2.tuxg5 a5 3.b4 being taken. Two 15P cases arc axb4 4.Nf3 Ra3 5.Rh4 Re3 6.dxe3 also included. h5 7.Qd6 exd6 8.Rd4 h4 9.Ne5 h3 2K+16P [13'/rl mirrored play up 10.94 tfi I 1.892 hl^B 12.8c6 to ll mark: l.e4 2,d3 3.Qe4 4.Ke2 bxc6 13.a4 Ba6 14.a5 Bd3 5.Qxc8 6.Qxb$ 7.Qxa$ 8.Kdz

l5.cxd3 Be4 16.dxe4 f6 17 .a6 e.Qxffi 10.Q*g8 l1.Qxh8 ll fxe5 18.a7 exd4 19.a8^Q Qe? 12.Qe8f KxeS l3.Ke2 Qelt 20.Qa5 Qe6 2l.Qd5 cxdS 22.f4 l4.Kxel IGPJ 15 i 199U 2K + 15P Nf6 23.gxf$ Be7 24.fxe7 Rhs 2K+16P at horne [l 8] mirrored in Pyrarnid enclosing 25.Ra3 Rfs 26"exff Nc6 27.fxe6 pla)' l.Nh3 2.Nf4 3.Ng6 4.Nxh8 BK [26] 1.e4 e5 7.f4 hs 3.Qg4 Ne5 28.fxe5 c5 29.Kdl c4 30.Rd3 5.Ng6 6.NxfS 7.Ne6 8.Nxd8 h"g4 4.Nf3 gxf3 5.g4 d5 6.Kf2 c5 cxd3 3l.Nc3 bxc3 32.BdZ c*dZ 9.Na3 t0.Nc4 11.Nb6 l2.NxaB 7.Kg3 b5 8"d4 95 Lfs Kd? l0.Bfil tG. Lauinger and W. Frangen 13.Nb6 l4.Nxc8 15.Kxdl 16.Kx Kd6 I 1.Nd2 dxe4 12.h3 Kd5 l3.Nc4 e3 l4.Rdl Ke4 15.d5 bxc4 feenschach vii, x 19771 cl l7.Kdl l8.Kel [GPJ 5 i 19s01 16.Rd4t cxd4 l7.Bd3f cxd3 Stalemate with 6-tupled pawns 2K+16P spelling JCJW [241 in h-file I37%l l.a4 b5 2.axb5 a5 l.Nf3 Nh6 2.Ne5 Nfs 3.Na3 Ne3 18.c4 Bb4 lg.Rbl Bc3 20.bxc3 3.Ra4 Nc6 4.Rg4 a4 5.bxc6 a3 4.h*93 96 5.d3 Bh6 6.8e3 Bxe3 Be6 2l.RxbB Qb6 22.Rxa8 Nh6 6.d4 aZ 7.d5 al^N S.d6 cxd6 9.c7 7.fxe3 f6 8.b4 fxe5 9.Nc4 00 23.Rxh8 a6 24.Rxh6 Qb3 Nb3 l0.cxd8^N Nc5 I l.Ne6 dxe6 10.Rbl Rf3 I l.gxfl d6 12.Rh3 25.Rxe6 fxe6 26.axb3 g*f?tf 12.e4 Kd7 13.8d3 Kc6 14.e5 dxe5 Bxh3 l3.Nb6 Bxfl l4.Kxfl h6 ITRD Chess Amsteur 19141 15.Bf5 exf5 15.f:1 exfll 17.h4 f"g4 15.Kg2 Kh7 l6.Kh3 Qe8 17.Rb3 18.93 f*93 19.Nh3 gxh3 2A.Rh2 Q*b: 18.axb3 Nc6 19.Qd2 Nd4 , gxhz 21.Nd2 Kd5 22.Nf3t Ke4 20.exd4 RfB 2I .Qfi+ Rxfll }Z.gxfif 23.8h6 gxh6 24.b4 Kf+ 25.bxc5 a5 23.Kh4 g5t 24.1

27.bxa6 b5* Not a convincing M, dxc4 20.I(94 Qd3 2 t.Khs Nd4 RdB l6"Ne4 dxe4 17.c4 Rd3 but this example is of interest ZZ.exfi[ fxe5 23,Kh6 Kd6 Z4.cxdJ 18.8d6 Kd? 19.c5 Kc6 20.c*b6t because of the mate finale which is NR 25.8b4 cxb4 26.Kxh7 Kc5 Kbs 2t.Rc6 cxd6 ZZ.f"gS Kb4 unusual in these letter problems. 27.Y.98 Kd4 28.9xfi c5 29,KfB ffi 23.dxe3 Ka3 24.b4 Rb3 25"Kd2 ICDL 70 fuIore Chess Problems ffRD Pittsburgh Leader 13 iv Nh6 26"8b5 a6 27.axb3 bxc6 and Puzzles 1926. The book is 1913 version, probably for the US 28.Kc3 fxe6 29.Kc4 Kb2 30.gxtu6 dedicated to 'M.S.C.'l problemist Murray MarbleJ a*b5$ Mate alvay from the board edge this tirne ICDL CA i 1926] ,

v

2K+16P in two 3x3 squares, 2K+16P in V formation, WP with black and white alternating above BP in each file, Ks in 2K+16P spelling D [30] l.g3 fT7r6l l.e4 d5 2.8c4 Bf5 3,exf5 corner$ [30] 1.e3 f5 2.QS4 f*94 Na6 2.BgZ Nc5 3.8c6 Nd3t dxc4 4.94 Qds 5.b3 Q*hl 6.Qf3 3.Ke? e5 4.Nfi g*f3t 5.Kd3 hs 4.cxd3 bxc6 5.Nf3 Ba6 6.Nc3 96 7.8b2 BS7 8.a4 h5 9.Na3 Nh6 6.e4 d5 7.e5 Nh6 8.gxh6 g5 9.h4 QbB 7.Nd5 Qb3 8"axb3 Bc4 9.Ra6 10.000 00 I l.g5 b5 lz.Qxa8 b4 94 10.a4 Qe5 t 1.Na3 Bxa3 h5 l0,Rb6 axb6 l1"bxc4 Ra3 l3.Qxb8 Q*gl 14.f6 c3 15.h4 a5 12.8e2 fxe2 13.b4 a5 14"b5 Ra6 12.00 Rc3 l3.bxc3 h4 l4.Ba3 h3 l6.f:1 c5 17.f5 c4 18.d3 ed 19.Kbl 15.bxa6 b5 16.Rh3 b4 1,7.f4 s4f l5.Bc5 Rh4 16.Ne5 Re4 17.Nf6f Kh7 20,f*g? cxb2 2l.gxh6 b*a3 18.Kd4 00 19.Kc5 Ncd 20.Kxc6 gxf6 l8.dxe4 Bh6 l9.Qc2 8fi1 22.f6 c3 23.Rfl Rc8 24.Qb4 Qes BdTt 21.Kb7 c5 22.d3 s4 23"Bdz 20.9xfi[ Nh6 2l.Rcl Nff 22"Qd3 25.hxg5 axb4 26.Rf5 Rc4 27.dxs4 c3 24.Rxa3 cxd2 25.c4 d4 26.Rc3 fxe5 23.exff s4 24.f3 exd3 25.Kfl exf5 28.KaZ [Chris Gddings dxc3 27.Rf3 Bbs 28.axb5 exf3 bxcS ?6.Ke I f6 27.Kd1 KdS Chess in Australia 1987 gays & 29.h*g5 Ra8 30.Kxa8 KhS 28.Rc2 Kc8 29.Kcl dxcZ 30.Kb2 solution in 2S moves; that one [T.R.Dawson Fairy Kb7 ffRD Pittsburgh Leader 13 move could bs saved was pointed x 1943, the position was set for 31 iv 1913J almost a 4x6 rectangle out by Cedric Lytton.l moves but solved by the composer in 30 sying 'Yictory is brougtrt two moves sooner".J t

"ffi,, m,i,'6.ffir,i ffi#"#w 2K+16P spelling JK t3U 1.d4 2K + LsP, spelling llIM {or e5 2.Na3 b5 3.Nc4 Bb7 4.8d2 Bc5 one large M) [29] l.Nc3 a6 2.Nb5 5.8b4 Bf3 6.gxfJ a5 7.dxc5 axb4 axb5 3.Nf3 Ra3 4.d3 Rb3 5"axb3 2K+16P Maten spelling FN 8.Qd5 95 e.000 h5 l0"Kb1 Ra3 Nf6 6.R46 Ne4 7.Rf6 gxfS 8.dxe4 [30] I.Nc3 dS 2.b3 Bfs 3.8a3 Nd? 11.Kal Rh6 12.Rcl Rb6 13.Qe6t Rg8 9.Qd6 RS3 l0.h*93 exd6 4.Rcl hlb6 5.e4 e5 6.fi1 Bc5 7.Q94 dxe6 l4.cxb6 Re3 l5.fxe3 Qd4 1l"Rhs Bh6 12.Rc5 dxc5 13.Ne5 Be3 8"Ng-e2 h5 9.h4 95 l0.Nd4 16.exd4 Nf6 17.e3 Ne4 18.fxe4 di 14"8d2 Bf5 15.exf5 Ke? 16.e4 h*g4 I l.Rh3 gxh3 lZ.ga Rhs KfB 19.a3 b*c4 20.Ka,2 c6 21.8d3 Nc6 17.Klez Bf:l 18,Kf3 bd lg.Bc4 l3.gxtuJ 94 14.Ne6 Qes l5.exfJ cxd3 27.c4 f5 23.Kb3 fi{ 24.Ne2

pags L2 SYNTFIETIC GAN{ES h4 25.Rc3 bxc3 26,Rgl d*e2 2.6 OTI{ERPATTERN PLAY (c) fewest men taken at homq 27.R93 h*93 28.Kb4 Kg? 29.Kc5 WN not entering any cell twice Na6f 30.Kd6 Nc5 3l.dxc5 Kh6 Leave lone K + nll 16 of the 1.Nc3 d5 z.NxdJ Nf6 3.NIeJ ReS [TRn Norwich Mercury 18 xii other side at home [5Y?] LNc3 4"N*98 h6 5.Nxh6 Ne4/I.{d5 l9l2 (version 16 ix 1946) for John d5 2.Nxd5 96 3.Nxe/ b5 4.hl*g6 6.N"f? 95 7.N*95 Be6 S.Nxe6 Keeble, chess editor of NW; the a6 5.Nxh8 Bd? 6.Nxff Qes BcS 9.Nxc5 Na6 l0.Nxa6 QbS stipulation specified that the WK 7.N*95 Nf6 8.Nxh7 Ne4 g.hlxfg I l.Nxb8 c6 l2.Nxc6 Nc3 13. plays to alJ Nc3 10. NxdT Nbl I l.Nxb8 Kf? N*a? b5 14. Nxb5 Ra3 15.Nxa3 l2.Nxa6 Kg6 l3.Nxs? Khs L4. Nbl l6.Nxbl IGPJ original l99S] Nxb5 Ra3 ls.NxsJ Kh4 l6.Nxbl [The position with 16 white men was given by Sam Loy{ American Chess ila/s 1868, as a problem with the stipulation: Add BK for mate in 3. H. E. Dudeney proposed finding the shortest gams to this position and gave a solution in l6Yr. W. H. Thompson BCM xii 1933 reduced this to 15'Al 2K+16P, obliquely symmetrir, reached by a single move of esch Without the condition that the captured piece [38] castling is knight never entcrs any cell twice counted as & king move t.f:l h5 we have $n alternative path: 2.f5 h4 3.e4 h3 4.g3 95 5 "BgZ 8...Qd4 9.Nxd4 c6AIc6 l0.Nxc6 h"g2 6"h4 94 7,h5 f6 8.Rh4 d6 Nc3 I 1.N xa? Nc6/c6 12.Nxc6 9.Nh3 gxh3 10.d4 h2 I l.Bg5 f*95 Ra7 l3.hl x*7 b5 l4.Nxb5 Ba3 12.e5 gxh4 13.94 h3 14.95 Nf6 15.Nxa3 Nbl l6.Nxgl. 15.exffi e5 16"c3 c5 17.b4 c4 8Ps round opposite N |l6t/rl 18,a4 b5 19.a5 Qb6 20.axb6 a5 Single series play: l.c4 d5 2"cxd5 21,d5 a4 22.Qs2 Ras 23.bxa5 b4 e6 3.dxe6 b6 (a may" be 24.b7 b3 25,a6 Be6 26.dxe6 d5 The BK can be left on any of the wasted) 4,d4 b5 5.e4 b4 6.fil b3 27.aT Bb4 28,cxb4 d4 29.Nc3 d3 40 unguarded vacant squars$" 7.e4 f5 8.9"f5 Ba6 9,axb3 Bc4 30.000 d"f2 31.b5 Na6 32.bxa6 It seems to be an unstated 10.bxc4 Qds I l,cxflJ Bd6 12.h4 00 33.KbZ RfT 34.exflf KhT convention in thess constructions 95 l3.h*95 Nf6 l4.gxf6 c5 15.b4 35.g6t Kh6 36.Rd4 exd4 37.Ka3 that the knight nevsr visits a cell Nc6 16.bxc5 NeS l?,cxdd IGPJ dxc3 38.97 b2 [GPJ original l99SJ twice (apart from its home square). Yariant Chess l99U So]utions rvith pnmovpd_ BK {a} using WQN I.Na3 b5 2.Nxb5 Nc6 3.Nxa7 Nd4 4.NxcB I--lbs 5.N xe7 Ra3 6.N*g8 h6 7"Nxh6 96 8.Nxfl Nc3 9.N"h8 Qe7 l0,N*96 c5 I l.NxfS Qe4 12.Nxd7 Nbl 13.Nxc5 Rc3 l4.Nxe4 Na3 15.Nxc3 Nbl 16.Nxbl [J. Akenhead, BCM 19461 tb) using WKN l.l.{h3 95 2"Nxg5 c6 3.Nxh7 f5 4.Nxfg Nf6 Although this position is centro- 5.Nxd7 Nhs d.Nxb8 Nfil 7.Nxc6 I \ilPs require l0 captures to syrnmetric the play is not because Nh3 8.Nxa7 Rh4 9.Nxc8 b6 surround d4, e4 {14 moves}, d5, e5 of the conflicting syrnmetry of (24 Qs l0.Nxb6 Qd5 I l.Nx{J Ra3 {17 movss}, d6, e6 moves} and and Ks, and hence castling, in the 14 captures (19 12.Nxe7 Rb3 l3.Nxff Rg3 for s5, f5 moves), opuring position. (This last*minute t4.Nxh4 Rf3 lS.NxfJ Nel c6, f6 (25 moves). Other positions addition may be improvabe) illegal either since az 16.N*g1 [I. Akenhead BCM 19461 ars h2 or pags 13 SYNTHETIC GAL{ES pawn cannot get into position., or Ks fL, f8: 1.e4 d5 2.exd5 Q*dS I I "fit b5 l2.Bc4 bxc4 l3.Rd1 b5 in the b6, 96 case the number of 3.Qh5 Q*az 4.Qxh7 Q*bt l4.Rd3 c*d3 15.Nc4 bxc4 l6.Kf2 captures (20) is excessive. 5.Q *97 Rxh2 6.Rxa? Rng2 Ba6 17.a4 Bb5 l8.axb5 Nad 8Ps round opposite a U7l 7.Rxb7 R*gl B.RxcT e*bZ 19.b4 Nc5 20.bxc5 Qa8 Zt.b6 play: I.b4 Quick-cap hS Z.bS 95 9.Rxc8f Kd7 l0.RxbB RxbB Qds 22.c3 c6 23.f5 s6 24.fG Kf5 3.Nc3 f5 4.Na4 e5 i.BbZ d5 6.b6 I l.B "bZ Rxb2 lZ.R*gl Rxc2 25.Kg3 Ke6 26.Nf3 exf3 2T.Rh4 axbS 7.Nc5 bxc5 S.Qbl b5 9.8d4 13.Qxf7 Rxd2 l4.Q*e7f KxeT h5 2S.Rg4 h*g4 29.Kf4 BS? cxd4 10.e3 dxe3 I l.ga h*g4 tl.f4 15.R*98 Rxf2 l6.Rxf8 R*flf 30.f*97 Ne7 3l.dxe7 RcB 32.93 gxfil 13.Nf3 gxf3 14.c4 bxc4 l7.Kxfl KxfB [Sam Loyd Nokkur Rc? 33"b xc7 (threat Qfdf) ef5* 15.Qe4 c5 16.d4 c5 xd4 t?.8d3 Slralcdaemi og Tffiok 1901. Also That either player oan mate cxd3 [GPJ Yariant Chess lgg4 Oscar Bilgrarn 1S951 ensures the 2 pieces must be Qs. Other solutions: H. E. Dudeney c. 1918, Ks n2, d7; K. Fabel Die Schpalbe 1935, Ks fZ, fB; T: E. Schildberg Die Schwalbe 1936, Ks e2, f8; fl , e7; f2, e7 . %ffiWu Most of this data is from T. R. Dawson l'Echiquier I9?9 and Ultimate Themes 1938. K Interchange Ks & interchange Qs, moving only one pawn of each sideo no captures [20Yzl See Similar to W?s, BBPs can tlre Reversible Parrms section for a surround cells d3-5, e3-5 with l0 longer version in which all the men PART 3 capfures and e3-4, f3-4 with 14 except Ks and return to rheir VARIANT PLAY captures. Other positions Qs illegal. origlnal positions. These gimes use orthodox men Kings only tlTl 'Kilkenny Cats' 8Ps blocking N doubled [25%] and rules but u'ith various There are 30 captures to be made, 'Two-Ring Circus'. t.b4 b5 Z.Bbz conditions on play, which however 15 by each side. In the opening Bb7 3.8d4 Bds 4.8b6 Bb3 5.h4 e5 are not radical enough to affect the position neither player can capture 6.Nfi Qe5 7.h*95 e4 8.R&4 exf3 interpretation of what is or is not on his first movo; thus the gilme 9.e4 h5 10.ei Rh6 I l.Rg4 Bc5 checkmate or stalemate. The final must be of length at least 16. If we l2.Qe2 Rd6 l3.Qc4 Nf6 l4.Bd3 position beins perfectly orthodox, try to play a game entirely of h*94 15.exf6 16.93 bxc4 except possibly unreachable frorn captures apart from the first two 96 l].bxc5 c*d3 l8.cxd6 axb6 the normal opening position" moves we find that we cannot get l9.axb3 Ras 20.Ra4 Rc5 2l.Rc4 beyomd trvo captures (e.g. l.d4 h6 b5 22.b4 bxc4 23.bxc5 Nc6 3.I EXACT PLAY 2.Bxh6 Rxh6 or l"b4 a5 Z.bxa5 The idea is play 24.Nc3 Ne5 25.Ne4 c6 26.ci tGpJ to a gime to the Rxa5) so there must be at least one Variant Chess 199U See the stated ainl such that there is only more non-capture move' makurg one reaching Imitative Games $3 .2 for diagram. way of the final the length l6Yz. It seems another 16Ps, alternately black and position in fewest moves. This ciur non-capfure move necsssary, is whiteo form n 'boxing ring' be seen as a type of Problem Finale since the best achieved is 17 . enclosing zKs nnd 2 other pieces game, the stipulation of the final Ks e2, e7: 1.c4 d5 2.cxd5 Q*dS and either player to moye could position being 'Play the shortest 3.Qc2 Q*g2 4.Q*c7 Q*gl game to this position'. exact give the knockout blow [32%l An 5.Qxb7 Q*hZ 6.Qxb8 Aej giune usually needs moro moves to 7.Q*c$f Quick- cap play is possible, and RxcB 8.Rxh7 Q"bZ specifying accomplish than an ine:ract game 9.Rxh8 l0.R*gt that Ks viFil a common Q*a2 e*d2f s,quAre ensures that the slack is with the same aim. I l.Kxd2 Rxct 12.R*gT Rxbt taken up in extra movss by one of Mate [2'Al I.e3/4 e5 2. Qhs l3,Rxf7 Rxfl l4.Rxf8f K*fg the Ks. l.d4 e5 2.d5 e4 3.8e3 Ke? Ke7 3.Q*e5f [GPI EP I9SU l5.Rxa7 Rxf2 l6.RxeT R*e2t 4.8b6 axb6 5.h4 Ras 6.d6t Ke6 Loss of R by each colour ISrAl l7.Kxe2 KxeT Loyd New lSarn 7.Na3 RS5 8.h*95 Kf5 9.Qd4 Kfit l.a4 b5 2.axb5 a6 3.Rxa6 Rxaf York Clipper t 895J (the conunon square) 10.e3f Kg4 4.bxa6 [E.Bonsdorff Helsingin Sanomat 7 ix I9601 page 14 SIT{THETIC GAMES Edge Mirror Mate t4l I.f3 Mate by promoted knighto Capture all Ps of one colour, t$ e6f 5 Z.Kn Qf6 3.Kg3 Qxf3t replacing captured knight lTYrl symmetric position Ks reflect Qs 4.Kh4 Be7$ pure and exact 1.f:t e5 2.f5 Bc5 3.f6 B*gl 4.c*97 ll{ l.h4 95 2.h*95 Na6 3.Rxh7 [quoted by Leonard Barden rn The BxM 5.Kf2 Ne7 6.Ke3 RfB Bh6 4.RxfI B*95 S.Rxe?f KfB Guardian cbca 1973(?) and sent to 7.g8^N d6 8.Nf6$ pure mate 6.Rxd7 Ke8 7.Rxc7 Be6 8.Rxb7 me by Cyprian Stockford.l [C.M. Fox Prohlemist Fairy Bxa2 9"Rxa7 Bc4 l0.Rh7 Bb5 Chess Supplement ii 19331 I I.F&l Nh6 (interesting that it dres not work the other $'ay round 1.a4...) [Peter Wong Chess in Australia ttr, iv 19891 InterchnngeK&aofeach colour, cdef pawns unmoved, each side losing two officers UzI l.b3 96 z,BbZ Nf6 3.BxfS Bg7 4.8b2 KfB 5.Nc3 Bxc3 6.Qb1 KgT ?.Kdl QeS 8.Kcl B*b2f 9.Kxb2 KfB l0.Qel Ke8 I l.Kcl Mate by P t4l l.d4 c6 z.K:dz KdS 12.Kdl Qe8, exact play. Qasf 3.Kd3 Qa3t 4.Kc4 d5/b5f Every otficer rnoves [9] 1.e4 e5 lC. D. Locock tsCM li 19461 pure IGPI EP 1981] 2.8b5 Qh4 3.d3 Nf6 4.895 Bb4t Interchange rooks of same Both castle t4l l.e3 ed 2.8d3 5.Nd2 00 6.Qh5 d6 7.000 Bg4 colour U3t/rl I.a4 h5 2.R43 Fft6 (or 04, b5, a6) Bd6 (or c5 , b4, a3) S.Nh3 Nbd? 9.Rhel RacS GPJ 3.Rd3 Rb6 4.Rxd7 c6 5.Rxb7 Bga Problemist 19851 3.Ne2 Ne7 4.00 00 [GPJ 19851 xr 6.h3 Nd7 7 .h"94 N7f6 8.Rh3 Qd7 Both castleo opposite sides 9"Ra3 000 10.Ral Qe8 I 1.R*e7 [4Y,1 I.d4 e6 2.8h6 Nxh6 3.Qd3 Rb3 l2.Re3 Bd6 l3.Rh3 Ne7 Bb4t 4.Nd2 o0 5.000 IGPI lee8l 14.Rhl {trryo further moves Mate by RxR !4'/rl 1.h4 95 14,..8h2 15.93, also ex&ct, were 2.h*95 Bh6 3.Rxh6 Nf6 4.Rxh7 added in the original) [A.Frolkin Nd5Ne4 5.Rxh8f tM. Dukic in a Problemistv 1985.1 letter to me datsd 16 vi 1984J For further examples consult Both castle Q-side !5'/rl l.d4 Shortest Proof Games by G. Wilts d5 2"Qd3 Bh3 3.Qxh3 Qdf 4.8e3 and A" Frolkin. Nd7 5.Ndz ooo 6.000 IGPJ 1e851 Mate by promoted knight t6l Mate by promoted bishop, l.h4 96! 2.Rh3 95 3.Re3 gxh4 4.f3 s.}IMITATTVE _ DIRECT replacing captured bishop }gYrl h3 5.Kf2 trz 6.Qel hl^N* IGPJ The idea of constructing games 1.e4 c5 2.BgZ Nc6 3.Bxc6 dxc6 original ix 19981. in which the Black moves exactly 4.g5 Bf5 5.g6 Bxc2 6.9*h7 Bxbl Mate by pr$moted bishop t6l mirror the White by reflection in 7.[xg8^B F&5 8.Nf3 Rd5 9.Ne5 l.e4 d6! Z.Qga d5 3.f3 dxe4 4.Kn the 'horizontal' centre line of the BxaZ 10.8 pure mate e3t 5.Kg3 e2 6.Qf4 el"B$ "flt board was originated by Sam [GPI Fox Problemist Fairy original ix 19981 [C.M. Loyd. The gsune has to stop if a Chess Supplement xn l93}l point is reached whEre Black can The next few slnthetic garnes, no longer imitate because he has particularly the trvo by C. M. Fox, other priorities, such as cancelling begin to encroach on the field I call a check. For concissness the 'analytic games'. The fact that the imitating moYes are omitted. final position is rsachcd in the Inimitable moYe \zYrl There are fewest moves is used in these to 48 ways. Sample solutions: 1.Nc3 provs that the lnight or bishop is 2.Ne4 3.Nf6t l.e4 7.8c4 3.B*fft promoted. The sirme positions l.e4 2.Qg4 3.Q*d7flQ*95 1.c3 could be reached in more moves 2.Qb3 3.Qbs [S.Uqpo Suomen without promotion. Tehtrnanielcat t 960/6 U

page 15 S\TITF{ETIC GAh{ES

Mate lSYrl l.c4 Z.Qaa 3.Qc6 c-Iile: l.a4 2"e4 3.8a6 4.d4 Kd6 for 5.Q*e5* [T.R.Dawson 4.Q*c8* 1.d4 2 Qd3 3.Qh3/Qf5 5.8e3 6.c4 7-8 "KcZ 9.dxc5 l0.Ne2 Evening Standard 23 Kii 19291 4.Qnc8* [S.Loyd Le Sphtnx 13661 I 1.Nec3 (or 10.Nf3 I l.N"e5) also solved by the following: Mate by Knight 15Y"1 1.e4 2.c4 12.b1 13.c5'bSe.p.$ [TGP] Mate (by KB) [aYzl I "c3 f6 3.NeZ 4.Nbc3 5.Nbs 6.Nd6f f-file: I .d3 2.e4 3.8h6 4.f4 Z.ba 95 3.e3 d6 4.8e2 Bd? 5.Bh5f [P.Donovan Variant Chess 19911 5.Qf3 6.BeZ 7.exf5 8.Kf2 9.Qc6 ITRD Evening Standard (London) Mateo without a pawn move 10.d4 (moving d-P trvice to save 23 xii 19291 I5'Al l.Nf3 2.Ng5 3.Nxh7 4.Nxfg time with Q) ll.g4 12.f5*g5e.p.f Mate by P Y5Yrl l.e4 d5 2.8c4 5.Kxfl 6.R*h8f 1.Nfi 2.l.ie5 pure mate ICDLI Bfs 3.Ne2 Nd7 4.e5 d4 5.e6 d3 3,Nxd7 4.NxfS S.Kxfl 6.Q"d8t Remove all pawnso leaving 6.exf/f I.b4 95 2.h4 a5 3.h*95 [P,Donovim Ysriant Chess 1991] officers nt home I 13] e.g. 1.d4 axb4 4.Rxh7 Rxa2 5.g6 b3 6.9* Mateo moving only pfiwns IsYrl 7.e4 3.exd5 4.Qxd4 5.Q xa7 flf ITRD Strat"ford Expre^s.s 8, 15 l.d4 7.c4 3.dxc5 4.c6 5.c7 6.Qxb7 7.Q xc} 8.f4 9.Q*97 ii r e3ol 6.c*d8Q/R$ [P.Donovan Variont l0.Qxh7 ll.QxfJ lz.Qga 13.Qdl Mate by a t6l 1.e3 d6 2.8a6 Chess 19911 [GPJ Problem Observer vri 19801 Bh3 3.Ke2 Qd7 4.Kd3 Qe6 5.8c4 Mate, along diagonal h5-e8 8Ps blocking N, doubled [261 Bf5t 6"Kd4 Qe5* and similarly 16'/11 l.e4 2.f4 3.exf5 4.f6 5.f*97 delaying first capture as long as l.d3 ... 6.Ke4 Qdsf IGPJ leesl 6.8e2 7.Bh5f [P"Donovan Variant possible: 1.b4 Z.BbZ 3.8d4 4.8b6 Mate by QB [6Yr1 1.d3 e6 2.g1 Chess l99U 5.h4 6.F&3 7.e4 8.Bfc4 9"Rd3 b5 3"Qd2 Ke? 4.Qe3 Kd6 5.Qf4t Selfmate in 1 t7l 1.e4 2.Ke2 l0.Nh3 I l.Nfit 12.Qga 13.e xf5 Kc5 6.8,92 Bb7 7"Be3f [GJ 1983J 3.Ke3 4.Qf3 5.NeZ 6.b3 7.8a3 14.f6 t 5.h*g5 16.93 l7.bxc5 Mate by N I6Yrl l"d3 e6 2.Kd7 (for 8.Nd4t forcing e*d4f ) 18.cxd6 l9.axb3 20.Ra4 21.Rc4 Qe7 3.Nfi Nc6 4.Nel Nd8 5.Na3 [S,Loyd Le Sphinx x lS66J 22.b4 23.bxc5 24"Nc3 25.Ne4 Nh6 6.Nb5 Ng4 7.N"c7t IGPJ Mate by PxP ep direct |ll.7rl 26.c3 IGPJ Vnriant Chess 19911 r eesl Solutions in the a, d, e, g, h files Mate by BxB \7'/rl 1.b3 96 given were by C.D.Locock and z.BbZ Be7 3"Qct Kf8 4.Kdl Qes T.G.Pollard British Chess 5.h4 a5 6.h5 a4 7.h6 a3 8.B"g7t Magazine rv, vt 1944. IGPJ re83l a-file: l.a3 2.d4 3-6.Ka2 7.c4 Selfmate in I t7tr l.e3 h6 2.e3 8.dxc5 9.Qaa l0.Qc6 I l.b4 d6 3.Qe2 Kd7 4"Qd3 Ke6 5.Ke2 12.c5 *bSe.p.f ICDLI Qd7 6.Kn Qc6t 7.Kf4 Qc5 for d-file: 1"d4 2.Qd2 3.Qh6 4.f4 8.Qf5t Q*f5f [TRD Srrarford 5.g4 6.9*fi 7.BgZ I.Bxds e.Kdz Express 22 it 19301 l0.Qf8 ll.e4 tz.fs*eSe.p.$ ITGPI Mate by R ITYrl l.h4 a5 2.b4 e-file: I .c4 2.Nc3 3.Qa4 4.b4 95 3.h*95 axbs 4.Rxh? Rxa2 Witlrout the irnitative condition the 5.8b2 6.Ndl 7.8e5 8.e3 9.Ke2 5,Rxff Rxc2 6.Ra6 Rh3 ?.Rafb task can be done in 25 Yz as shown 10.bxc5 11.d4 12.c5*dSe.p,t pure Rhc3 8.Rxf8f or...5.8b2 Bg7 at the end of section mate [CDLI $2.6. 6.R*97 Rxb2 7.Ra- Rh- g.R*g8$ g-file: 1.S3 2.d4 3.e4 4.dx5 or Lh4 a5 2.Nh3 Na6 3.N95 Nb4 3.3 TMTTATTVE 5.8c4 6.895 7-8.Ke2 9.Nh3 - OBLTQUE 4.Nxh7 Nxa2 5.F&3 Ra6 6.RR This rule, by T. R. Dawson, is 10.8e7 I 1.fil 12.e5 *fSe"p.* pure Rc6 7.Rxff Rxc2 8.Rxf8* [GPJ similar to direct-imitative play mate [TGPI 1e831 except that the 'mirror' is the h-file: l"d3 2.h314 3.8(x)h6 4.f4 Mate by PxPep UA%| l.e4 d5 centre point of the board. 5-7.KM I.e4 9.Q(x)h5 lO.exf5 Queens 2.c4 f5 3.exf5 dxc4 4.Qe2 Kd7 are restricted to single-step movss 11.g4 12.flxgss.p.f pure [TGP] 5.Nf3 Nc6 6.Nc3 Nf6 ?.Ndl Ne8 imitating or imitable by the Mate by PxP ep direct, bn c, f 8.b3 96 9.8a3 Bh6 10.d4 e5 opposulg King Accordlng to files |l}Yrl These files take one I l.f5 *eSe,p.$ S*atford Dawson's manuscript notebooks ITRD mors pab of moves. Express I iii 1930J his examples published in l929l3} b-file: l.d4 2.e4 3.Na3 4.b3 wsre composed in 1918. 5-7.Kb2 8-l0.Qd6 (or s-g.Qfil For other games including this Mate in l.e3 d6 2.54 b5 l0.Bb5) ll.exds 12.c4 l3,d5xc5 I t4l tlpe of imitative play sso under 3.Qe2 Kd7 4.Qd3 Ke5 for 5.Qf5$ s.p.f pure mate [CDL] Nerv Kings and New Pawns. l.f3 c6 2.d4 e5 3"Qd2 Ke7 4.Qe3

page 16 S}}ITI{ETIC GAIvIES

3.4 MAXIMUMMING 3.5 SERIESPLAY 3.6 NEW OPENING AITRAYS

Each player makes his longest In as * Philidor (Game starts with Ks legal move; when K is in check the normally played White begins with and Ps only, 0n the usual squares) longest move to anrrul the check; if one move: then Black plays two, Mate of lone K no promotions there are equal long moves any is White three and so on. However in ILTYrl l.a4 e5 2.b3 e4 3.h3 e3 chosen (i,e. the most helpful). Only these examples the first player has 4.fxe3 b5 5.Kf2 Ke? 6.Kg3 Ke6 Ns movs initially as N move is ./S a longer series at his disposal. For 7.Kh4 KeS I.Khs Ke4 9.axb5 c5 utrereas P double step is 2 : {4. the lenglh we count the single 10.b6 95 t l.Kh6 d5 12.93 f5 Mate (bv Q) tsl 1.Na3A.{c3 moves instead of move-pairs. l3.Kxh? 94 l4.hxg4 fit tS.gxfi[ N#h6 2.Nb5 lcle4 Ng4 3.Nd6t Serieshelp B-mnte i.e. White d4 l6.b xa7 c4 l7.b xc4 d3 exd6 4.Nflh3 Qh4 5.Ng5 Qx fzt plrys a series of movss so that l8.c*d3f [Proposed C. D. Locock [E. Bonsdortr ard I. Makihovi llta Black can mate in one move tSl in 19, solved in I S by Ssnomat 31 xii 1960J 16 rvays. 1.e4 2.f4 3-4.95 5-8.Kf5 for d6* E. N. Frankenstein, BCM x 19091 Mate by R tlUrl l.l.lf/h3 Nf6 [T. R. Dawson British Chess 2.I.{g5 Nd5/e/94 3.Nxh7 4.Nxff, Magazine x 1944. Dawson states Rxh2 5.Ne/96 RhS 6.R*h8$ [E. that the problem "From the game Bonsdorff Scltach und Zahl t97U affay White plays I consecutive Mate by N IsY"l Solved by moves so that Black may mate in moving only lfiIights, see $2.1" one with a Bishop" was proposed Mate by B [6Yzl l.Nflh3 Nc6 by G. R. Reichehn in Brentano's 2.Ng5 Nd4 3.Nc/a3 Nxe2 4.Nb5 Magazine i 1882 p.455, but no %ffiW* Nfil 5.Qh5 Nxh5 6.8c4 NfiX solution rvas published. l 7 .B"fff This move is tength -/18, Serieshelp B-move mate [101 whereas 00 is length 4 = rlte. l.e3 2-3.Bxb7 4.8e4 5.d4 6-7.8c3 [P. Wong Variaftt Chess l99U 8.Qd2 9-l0.Kd3 for Ba6f or * Queen Odds One player has Mate by P [19] 1.Nf3 Nf6 reflect for WKe3 ITRD BCM xtr no queen initially. 2.Nh4 Ng4 3.Ng6 Nxf2 4.Nxf8 re441 Mate by F^B l4Yrl No BQ. Nh3 5"Nc3 NgS 6.Na4 Nf3t 7.Y\fz Serieshelp B-move mate, K 1.d4 e6 ldl c6 3.dxe6 Kd8 Ng5 I.Nb6 Nh3t 9.gxh3 Nc6 not in centre files I U I.e3 4.exd7 Kc7 5.d8^B$ [CnL M&n- chester Weekly 1912J t0.Nxc8 (this capture of the B is 2-3.Q*bl 4.Qxc,7 5.Qc5 6,a4 7.b4 Times 28 xii just to give the knight something to 8-ll"Kbs for Ba6f l.h4 2-4.Rxd7 Pure mirror mate t5] No WQ. do instead of rnarking time) Ne5 5.h5 6.f4 7 -l0.Kg5 I .Rx a7t for 1.c3 96 z.Kdl c5 3.KcZ QcT ll.Nb6 Ngat l2.Kg3 Nf6 l3,Nd5 B*e7l I -2.h5 3-5.Rxd7 6.f3 4.Kd3 Qg3t 5.Ke4 Nf6$ l.Ihsf 14.Kh4 Nf6 15.N*f6f exf6 7-9.Kh4 10.g3 I l.Rxe?t for [C,D.Locock Morning Post 19091 l6.Ne6 RfB (deliberately losing the BxeT$ L-1.fxe7 5.exd8^B/NI 6.g4 Pure mirror mate, by the rietttto castle) 17.Ng5 RhB l8.Irle4 7.h3 8-l0.KhZ l1.Bg2 for Bd6l handicapped side 16'/rl No WQ h5 (00 which would be a longer l.b3 2-3.Bxe? 4-5.Bxa7 6.8e3 l.g3 96 2.8h3 Bh6 3.Nc3 KfB mwe is now illegal since R moved) 7.Nc3 8.Qbl 9-1l.KbZ for Ba3f 4.b3 Kg7 5"8a3 Kf6 6.8*e7t Ke5 ?.NBf 19121 19.Ng3 g5t IGPJ original ix 199SJ ITRD BCMrciLe44l tc.D.Locock Is there a more sub'tle solution? lThite plays a series of moYes Mrte preceded by castles so that Black can then play I check [8J No WQ l.fit Nf6 2.Nf3 series leaving 6-tupled Black e5 3.e4 e*fi[ 4.e3 fxe3 5.8c4 N*94 6.B"f7t (xff 7.Ng5t pavns in rook-file [40 + 15] Q*gs lVhite plays all men except K into 8.oof Nf2t [cDL 1e121 the d6-h6-h2 triangle, promoting Selfmate in 2 by double check abc pawns, b xa7 xb8, cxb7xa8" UA%l No BQ 1.e4 a5 2.d4 Ra6 Black captures all 15 White men 3.b4 Rf6 4.8a3 e6 5"Nh3 B*b4t 6.Nc3 b6 7.KdZ Ke7 8.Kd3 Kd6 with his pawns. Compare $2.4. 9.g3 Kc6 l0.Ne2 for [Proposed by C. D. Locock BCM Kbs tl.d5 xii 1942 in 57 moves but reduced 11...Rf3f 12.Kd4 Bc3f 13.N*c3f to 55 by J. A. Lewis BCM li 1943J lc"D.Locock BCM 19121

page 17 SYNTI_IETIC GAIvIES

{' Bishops AII on White i.e. interchange bllcI and f8/g8 in the opening position" Occupy all white squares tlzl 17 finales, many move orders. The apparent finale with white Ne2, Nf3, Bb5, Kfl, black Qc4 fails since BQ's only route is via h4 and its path is blocked by Pe4 rvhich has to movs to let out WB-bs before BQ-c4. BQ positions: c8(4), b5(3), f5(3), d7(2r, d5(2), g4(2r, * Scorpion (K + GrasshopFer); ca(1) [T.R.Dawson Pittsburgh i.e. 'Scorpion Chess' also knovm 4.2 NEW QUEENS Gazette Times 19 xii l9l2l as 'Sting'. Move reversal tz7rl l.Kc3/g3 "1. Amazon {Q + Kniehfl * AII Men Guarded The only Na6/c6lf6lh6 2.Kb4 {h1 Nb8/g8 Mate tzl 1.e3 Qc6 7.BgZ affangement of the pieces on the 3.Kel. Not Kd3. check. I \eays. Q*g2f l.Qc3 Qc6 2.Qd5 Qxc2f back rank in which all 16 men ars IGPJ LeTel 1.e3 Qc6 2.Qe2 QxaZI Q6 rvays) initially guarded is in the ssquence Mate [2%1 L.e4 Ke6 2.Qh5 Qe8 [E.Bonsdorff FIDE Tourney 1963J NQRBBRKN. If both players use 3.Qesf IGPJ lees] 1.e4 e5 2.Qh5 Move reversal [2%] 1.Qc3/e3 this sequence, with Ks in g-file: Ke7 3.Q*e5* [Ian RichardsonJ N/+- 2.Qe3/c3 Nb8Ng8/Qd8 Qdl Mate 12Y,1 1.Ng3 2.Nf5 l eesl (12 ways) [K. Fabel Helsingin 3.N*e7* (8 ways) I.c3lc4 Z.BIZ Mate of K by K [3Yi] l.Kc3 Sanomat L8 x 196U 3.8*h7f (395 ways) IGPJ Chess NIf6 2..f4 Nc6 3.f5 Ne4t 4.Kxh8* Notes 19831 IGPJ le7el l.e4 Ke6 z.Qhs Qes * (R + Ituieht) 3.Nc3 a6 4.e5f tC. C. L. Sells Mate IL'AI l.R+Nc3 a6 2.R+N 19801 l.a4 Kc6 2.Ra3 Kb6 3.d3 *c7* (12 ways) [E. Bonsdorff Kxbl 4.Qd2* [J. D. Beasley 19301 FIDE Tourney 1963J PART 4 1.Nh3 Nh6 2.Nfit Nf5 3.Kc3 Nc6 VARIANT PIBCES 4"K*hBf tC. C. Frankiss l9SSl tr. Lion {L hops over one man to l.e4 f5 2.Qe2 c6 3.exF[ a6 any distance, along Q-lines) 4.I NEW KTNGS 4.Qh5++* [Ian Richardson 19981 Move reversal tr7t/tl l.Lb3 Ld3 Mate of K by K, imitative I6Yrl zLR Ld8 3.Ldl (,2 ways) similar + Capturable King (as in 1.f3 2.e3 3.Kc3 4.Kb3 s.Kff 6,e4 with BL d4 or 95 are stopped since ) 7.Kf5f or 1.c3 2.d3 3.Kg3 4.Qel WLa4 or h5 checks BK Four-fold quadrupled pawns 5.Kc7 6 d4 7.Kc5$ [cPJ lee8l [27] Most Black moves are Mate by triple check t7l l.e4 * Grasshapper (G hops over obliquely imitative. l.e4 d5 2.8c4 e5 2.Qh5 Qf6 3.Qxh7 af5 4.Qh6 one man to first cell beyond, along Bf5 3,exf5 dxc4 4.KeZ Kd7 96 5.Kg3 Bxh6 6.Kh4 Kd8 7.e3 Q-lines) 5-6"Kg4 Kbs 7 .a4 hS 8.axb5 h*g4 Be5* IGPJ leesl l.e4 h5 2.Qxh5 Mate 171 1.h314 Gb6 2.F.h2l3 9.Nc3 Nf6 l0.Ne4 Nd5 I I.Nf6 Rxh5 3.g3 96 4.f4 Bh6 5.d3 Bg5 G*gl* (3 r,vays) tE. Bonsdorff Nc3 12.dxc3 exffi 13-l4.Rb6 Rg3 6.Ke5f Kh8 7.8e3 Bf6f [Ian FIDE Torrrney 19631 l5.h*g3 axb6 l6-17.Rg6 Rb3 Richardson 19981 Move revers al [at/z] 1.Gd3 Gb6 18.c*b3 f*96 l9.Bg5 Bb4 20.cxb4 2.Gd8 Na6 3,Gb8 Gd8 4.Gd6 NbB f*95 2l.Nf3 Nc6 22.Nd4 Ne5 * Flying King (K in check may Gdl or 1.Gd3 Gb6 2.Nc3 Na6 23.Nc6 Nf3 24.gxf3 bxc6 25,Qds be tranferred, 'fly', to any 3.Gb3 GdB 4,Nbl NbB 5.Gdl or Qd6 26.Qc5 Qf4 27. gxfil bxc5 unchecked square or capture any 1.Gd3 Nf6 2.Nc3 Nds 3.Gd6 Nf6 [Proposed by H. R. Neale Fairy undefended opposing man) 4.Nbl NgB s.Gdl [GPJ xii re7el Chess Review viii 1943 in 28, lllate lgYrl I.h3 96 2.Nf3 e5 solved in 27 by T. R. Dawson, 3.Rgl Ne7 4,d3 Nd5 5.8e3 Nb4 * Nightrider (see new knights) R. J. French, S. H. Hall, and 6.Kd2 c6 7.b3 N8a6 8.Qcl RgB Mate LlYrl l.NRb5NRe3 J. G .Ingraml e.Qbz Ke7 l0.Q*e5* IGPJ l970sJ z.NR(xlc?$ [C.C.L.Sells 1982]

page 18 SYbITFIETIC GAI\,.TES

.F Shi-Queen (moves like Q but 14.b*a5 g*h4 15.8h3 Ba6 16.b7 13.Ke8 Qdl 14"Qd8 {7 15.n d7 hops over first squere in the gZ 17.Nc3 Nf6 l8.It{e4 Nd5 16.d2 IGPJ 6 ix 1998, after CDL movs-line) l9.Nf3 Nc3 20.Nd4 Nbl 21.95 d5 BCM 1945 (the original used Move reversal ITYrl W Ski-Q 22.8c8 f5 23"Nf6t KfI 24.Ngs special QPs that could move aside triangulates {ll routes) while Nd? 25.Nc6 Ne5 26.Nb8 Rh3 allor,r'ing solution in ltl moves)J Black makes switchback (7 rvays) 27.e4 Nf3t 28.Ke2 Rhl 29.Kd3 Interchange Ks & interchange total 76 ways, e.g. 1"Qd6 Qb6 Ngl 30.Kd4 b4 31.8a3 Bfl Qs, moving only one reversible 2.Qd3 QdB 3.Qd1; 1Qd5 Qd6 32.Ra6 b3 33.Ra8 Kg6 34.c4 bz pawn of each side t24l 1.e4 96 2.Qb3 td3tf3 Qds 3.Qd1. I.Qb3 35.Qa4 lfts 36.Kc5 Bh6 37.e5 2.Bg? Bg7 3.8c6 Bc3 4-6.Kf3 Kf6 Na6 2.Qd3/f3 Nb8 3 Qdl [cPJ 26 Kg4 38.e6 Kf3 39.e*fl e5 40.96 7-8 Qh3 Qh6 e.Ke4 Bb4 10.Qc3t xii 19791 h3 4l.Kc6 Qh4 42.Kd7 KeZ 43.fit Ke5 I LQgT Qh3 12.QfB Qfl Qel 44.KdB d4 45.Qe8 Kdl l3.Qd8 Kh4 14,NAt Kh3 l5.Kf4 46.8f8 d3 47 .a6 d*c2 48,d4 e4 Kg2 16.Kg5 Nf6 17.Kh6 Qdl 4.3 NEWKNIGHTS 49.f*e5 Bcl 50.d5 c5 51.97 ctd4 18.Ngl Kfl 19.Kg7 Ne8 20.KfB 52.a7 hZ 53-55.c7 n 56-57 "d7 e2 Kel 21.Ke8 (this solves the * Camel ({ 1, 3}-mover) 58-59.e7 dZ [after T. R. Dawson orthodox problem; if all other Mate UYrl l.Cc4 Cf5 Z.C*Cf Norwich Mercury 2l xii 1910. (In officers are required to be at home, (15 ways) [8. Bonsdorff Somrner- the original the 59 moves and 4 continue:) 2L...8c3 22.BgZ Bg7 Iosungs tournier 1964J imaginary capfures each maximum 23.Bfl BfB (and with revorsible !\'ere specified, but the 'blocked pawns we finish:) 24.92 g7 [after .1. Zebra ({2, 3 } -mover} and unable to move' condition was M. E. M. Jago BCM iv 19451 Mate IL'AI l.Zd3 d5 z.Zss| (15 not. I have modified the move rvays) [8. Bonsdorff Sommer- order slightly so that this extra losungs tournier 19641 condition is observed.)I 4.5 MULTIPLENEW PIECES

+ Giraffe ({ 1. 4}-mover} * Rwersible Pawns (may move * Ahenhead's Gsme The pawns Mate tL'Al 1.Gh5 h6 2.Gd4$ backwards as if retracting a become Berolina pawns (P), which (12 ways) [E. Bonsdorff Sornmer- forward move; thus double step move diagonally one step (or two losungs tournier 19611 backr,vards is possible from 4th from the pawn rank) and capture rank, but move back to first rank is directly forward one step. The .1. Nightrider (a rider, like rook not allowed) qucens, rooks and bishops become or bishop, but along lines of knight Interchange K and a of each Leos (L), Paos or Canrrons (C) and moves) colour, reversible QP tsl Black Vaos (V), which move like queens Mate [3] 1.NRglxd7 NRbS imitares White l.d3 Z.K;ilZ 3.Qel rook and bishop respectively but xd7 z"NRtrlxe7 QxeT 3.g3 NRdT- 4.Kdl 5.d2 ICDL BCM 1e451 capture by acting through one f3l [GPJ Gsmes Castle 19321 Interchange K and a of each intervening ilran of either colour. colour, reversible BP [10] Black The knights become Maos (M), imitates White 1.c3 2.Qb3 3-5.Kd3 which make a knight move in two 4.4 NEWPAWNS 6-7.Qel 8-9.Kd1 I0.cZ ICDL steps, the first along rank or file, BCM 1e451 the second diagonally, and the + Side-Step Pawns (may move Interchange K and a of each intervening cell must be clear. di4gonally, as if making an colour, reYersible NP p3l Black tslnthetic games in &is variant imaginary capture, when blocked imitates White 1.b3 2.8a3 3.Nc3 were proposed by Major and unable to capture normally" 4.Qbl 5-7.Kbz 8.Qel e-10.Kdl J. Akenhead in Fairy Chess Rotate opening position 18000 l l.Bcl l2.Nbt 13.b2 ICDL BCM Review iv 1947 and proved with fewest imaginary captures 1e451 popular with the solversl [59] Imaginary captures are shown Interchange Ks & interchange Mate (by L or C) 121 1.b2-d4 by n instead of x. Play is obliquely Qs, reversible Ps USY.I l.d3 d5 Lxd4 2.Cxa7* t*glf tJAl imitative 1-18 and 52-59. 1.a4 h5 2.Qd2 Qd6 3.Qb4 f6 4.Qb5t Kf? I.hz-fll e7-d6lc5 2.f2-93 Lh4* Z.aS h4 3.g4 b5 4.Ra3 Rh6 5.Rh3 5.f3 Qb4t 6.Kn Ke6 7.Qd7t Ke5 l.h2-g3lf4 b7-a6 2.Vxa6 C*hl* Ra6 6.a*b6 h*93 7.F&8 Ral 8.Kg3 Kd4 9.KP[ Qdzt l0.Kf5 l.a2-c4 C"al 2.c4-d1 C*clf (d5 8-l l.h7 aZ l2.Rh6 Ra3 t3.b4 95 Ke3 I l.Ke6 KfZ l2.Kf7 Kel stops 3.Lxd?l) [TRDI

page 19 SIT{TFIETIC GAh{ES

Mate by Vao [2%1 L,e2*4 Mate by fi)O with Ks close as Dennison Nixon gave another d7-e6 2.YeZ h7-f5 3.1/h51 (e6 possible t6l l.d2+4 d7+5 2.Kd2 soluton, to the following position: stops 3.ff-e6/d5) l.e2g4* d7-e6 Vxb4 3.Kd3 Ld4 4.Kxd4 Ve6 2.Vd3 g7-h6- 3.Vg6$ tJAl s.Kd5 Md? 6.Kd6 0o0f Mate by Pawn l3Yzl l.c2-e4 lH. D. BenjaminJ d7-f5 2.b244 KdT 3.Vb2 Ke6 Mate by P^Vao [6Yrl l.e2-g4 4.d4-e5 ITRDI l.d2-f1 ,.. 2.f4-g5 fl<,6 2.94-f5 Kf? 3.f2-g3 KS6 f7-h5 3.Lxh5 h7-ff 4.g5-g1 {*fS 4.92-t$ Kh5 5.f5-96 e6-f5 6,g6-f7 sp!) * tW.H. Reillyl h?-g6 7.fl*8"V* [TRD] Mate by PxP, not ep t4l 1.f2- Mate by m with Ks close as h4 f/-hl 2.K{2 h7-ff 3.K93 fil-g4t possible t?l 1.d244 e7-d6 Z.Kdz 4.Kh3 h5 xh4f [D. Nixon] l.f2-e3 Vxb4 3.Ke3 {1*6 4.Kfi1 Le7 e7-g5 2.1{f2 Lf6 3.Kg3 d7-f5 5.Kfl5 LfT 5.Vg5 Me? 7.Kf6 00f 4.e2-g4 g5xg4$ IGPI 19SU lD. Nixonl Stalemate I officers, capturing the 8 Ps 1.b2-c3 Lxd? 2.Vbz Mate by P-moveo on g-file t4l Mate with 4 checks ITYrl 1.g2- [12] 1.f?-e3 ff-h5 2.Kf2 L*d2t 3.Kg3 h3 e7-d6 2.Lxd6 Vxh3 3.Lfi[ Vg4 Cxa2 3.c3*4 CxcZ 4.Ca3 C*e2 5.Val Lxf2 6.Mc3 C*gZ 7 b7-a6 4.92-f3 h5-94* tJAl 4"Mf3 Ke? 5.b2-a3 Kf6 6.Mc3 "Lcl LaZ 8.Mdl Cb2 9.Mf3 C*h2 Mate by P-move from home Kg5 7.Me4 d7-f5 8.Lg3$ tJAl l0,Cgl 1l.Mdz l2.Cc3 t4l l.f2-e3 h7-g6 2.1

page 20 S\}ITI{ETIC GAMES Perpetual check I}Yrl Loyd's 5.2 NEW CAPTURE RULES l5.Kg5 Be6 l6.f"g7 Nxh7t orthodox solution still n,orks! 17.Kg6 B*flt l8.Kxh7 B*g8t Perpetual checkr ro K moy€ * Anryodean Chess A man 19.Kh8 Kff : but cannot WP also t3l (actual game, G. Jelliss v captured is replaced on the slluare be eliminated? IGPJ Chessics 12, A. Kustrin AISE Grand Prix 1995) a (4,4) leap away unless that p. 14, 198 U I.g4 d6 7.BgZ Q*dZ 3.Qd? Q*g2 square is occupied. In the rex- Stalemate with minimum and now 4.Qb5t KdS 5.Qb6t Kd7 inclusive version, K is not in check destruction pAY{ 1.d4 d5 z.f:t e5 6.Qb5t etc (6...Ke6? ?.Qfs*). unless its antipode is occupied, 3.f5 e4 4.h4 Nf6 5.h5 fNdT 6"h5 Mate-just-in-time I4'/r1 (actual other than by the checking piece. Nc5 V.h"g7 Be7 8.a4 Bf6 9.a5 gams, G. Cornacchini v G. Jelliss, [GPJ Chessics 19?6] Kd7 l0.Bfi[ Re8 I 1"g8"Q Re5 AISE Grand Prix, 1996) l.e4 h5 Mate lSYrl l.a4 a5 2.b3 f6 3.e3 r2.a6 Kd6 l3.P&6 b5 l4.Qd2 Bd7 2,8e7 Rh4 3.Bxh5 Rxe4t 4.Kfl ss 4.Qh5* [cPJ] l5.Qb4 Qc8 16,Nc3 Qb7 17.axb7 d5 5.Qe2 (threat Qbs*) Bh3l Reflect the opening position Nc6 l8.Ra6 aReS 19.b8^Q e3 [.,o1d's irnitative mates in 3'/, do top to bottom [35] 1"a3 a6 2.e3 zO.QfBf Re7 2l.bQd8 2 captures, not work in Alice chess. e6 3 Qh5 Qh4 4.Qh7 {d3) Qhz 6 pieces pinned [GPJ Chessics l?, (d6) 5.Qe7 (c3) Qgz {c6) 6.Qfi p" 14, l98ll .1. Moebius Chess The a and h (b3) Qn ft6) 7Rh8 {Rd4} Qd2 files are joined after a 180o tr,vist to (h6) 8.Kdl Qdl (Khs) e,h7 Qcl form a 'Moebius Band'. A normal (Be5) 10.8h6 Qbl Nfs) 1l.Qe8 pawrn that passes 'round the twist', {Ka4) d2 l2.Qc8 Gea) Qal (ReS) which can only be done by 13.Re6 {a2} Kbs 14.8b5 (Kfl} capfures, reappears as an 'upside QbZ (f6) 15.Re8 Qc2 (s6) 16.Qb7 down pawn' moving and capturing (fJ) fz 17.Rb8 Nf4) Nh3 l8.Ra8 in the opposite direction to usual. (Rea) Re3 (a7l 19.Kh4 Rel These rules wsrs introduced in 20.Qc7 (e3) Nel (I{c5} 21.Na6 Chessics issue 10, 1980, where the (e2) Ral 22.Nb8 Kel 23.8a6 Bh3 follou'ing syrthetic gamss \t'ere 24.8c8 Bfl 25.b7 Rh4 (Kds) proposed. 26.Ke8 Rhl 27.QdT (h3) hz * Oppo-surrender Chess. What Mate t2l orthodox Fool's mate, 28.Qd8 sZ 2e.d7 Ba3 (e7) 30.BfB would normally be a capfure-move but also 1.fi b6 2..g4 Bc8-h4f Bcl 3l.Nh6 Qdl 32.Ng8 Nca) results in loss of the piece that Mate by KB ITY'I 1.g3 f6 Na3 33.c7 Nbl 34.ff bZ 35.gT cZ rnoves instead of the piece moved 2.Nb 1xh7 95 3.8fl-a5f {via h5) [proposed, G.P.Jelliss Chessics 7, to. Normal captures do not Mate by R or Mateo all moyes p.7, 1976: solved, F.H.Johnson occur. Stalemate l.e4 h6 Z"e5 f6 captures lzYzl I.Nbl xh7 Ng8 xaT Chessics 10, p. 10, 1980J UZYII 2.Ra1 xh$ Nxc 1 3.RxfSf 3.e6 d7xe6 {i.e. Pd7 surrenders to Pe6) 4.a4 a5 5.8a6 b7xa6 6.fl1 Mate by N, or Pin mate I}Yrl Ra8xa6 7.fS Nb8xa6 8.h4 Bc8xa6 l.Ral xh8 Nfb 2.Na3 - 3.Na3 *g7f + Free Capture Chess Men (or e6) 9.h5 xS/ l0.Bb7 Kf/ Discovered rnate t3] I.Nf3 capture allies as well as enemies. QdB l1.Bc6 Kg6 l2.Qga Kh7 13.Qg6 Ng8xu 2.Ne5 Nxfl 3.Rh2 N*Mf Stalemate lgYrl l.Rxa2 B*97 (Black surrender of his K to is (check from Ra8) 2.Rxa7 BxhS 3.Rxa8 KxdB Qg6 of course illegal) Chessics Mate by P 1"e3 e5 ?.KeZ 4.Rxb8 KxdT 5.Rxb? KxeT 6.d4 IGPJ t4l 12,p. 13. l98U Qh4 3.Kd3 Qh5 4.Nc3 e4* (Q Kxff 7.Rx a7l K*gB 8.Rxs8t guards c4, d4, e4). KxhT e.Qd3t Kg7 l0.Qf5 - IGPJ Mate by upside-down pawn [6J Chessics 12, p. 14, 1981.| 1.f:1 c5 Z.KfiZ d6 3.Kg3 4.Nh3 Stalemate with maximum a7xh3 5.Kh4 Qast 6.Kg5 h3-h4* destruction [19] l.Kxdl RxaT 2.Kxcl Rxa2 3.Kxd2 Rxal 4.Kxe} NxdT 5.Kxfl R*blf 6.K*92 Rxb2 7.K*gl Rxc2 8.Kxhl RxcT 9.Kxh2 RxbT lO.f:+ e5 I 1.fxeS Qf6 12.exf6 NxfB 13.Kg3 Rxff 14.Kfi1 RxhT

page 2 I S$ITI{ETIC GAMES .1" Auto-suffender Chess A man 5.3 MISCELLANEOUS 1.e314 95 2.Qh5-4 f6 3.Qh6-5f may self-destruct b""* making a I.e3l4 c5 2.8a6-5 d6 3.8b6-5f capture-type move to a square * Auto-coexistente Chess A {3...Qd7-8 or 3...Nc6-7 are pulled occupied by an allied man. Normal player may have more than ons back by gravrty, r,vhile 3...8d7 or capfures do not occur. piece on a square, and riders may 3...Nd? ars illegal because the Stalemate with minirnum pass through occupied squares. second part of move is blocked by destruction I}SYii 1.d4 e5 2.f4 c5 Only single pieces can be captured. Qd8) IGPJ Vsriant Chess 19971, 3.94 b5 4.d5 e4 5.f5 c4 6.gi b4 Pure Mate t3l 1.Kd2 (double 7.e6 b3 8.Bfit a5 9.Bc? a4 10.d6 piece dZ immune from capture by * Madrasi Chess Like pieces a3 11.Nc3 Qgs 12.Qd4 Be7 QdB) tsh6 2.Kc3 Q/hRcBt 3.Kb4 paralyse each other. l3.Rdl Qcl 14.Qb6 Qal ls.Rbl 4.hR/Qb8f (4.8b5 does not stop Triple check mste. I6tAl I.Nc3 Sf6 l6.Nd5 00 17.h4 c3 18.h5 e3 the check, and 4.b4 is not allowed, Nh6 2.Nd5 f6 3.N*f6t Ne4 4.h3 l9.Rh4 Bb? 20.Ra4 Nc6 21.Nf3 since Ps enter occupied cells only Kfl/ 5.d4 Kg6 6.Qd3f Khs fRbS 22.Ne5 BdS 23.Ne7 Na? by diagonal move) [C.M.B.Ty{or ?.h*g4tf tf [Ian Richardson 24.h6 Bhl 25.892 Rb? 26.5N-c6 Chessics 111 l6lvii/le98l Nc8 27.Nb8 Kh8 28.Ra7 NgS 79.f6 = {self-destruction by K is * Dyn*mo Chess There are no * Series Auto-Tag Chess A illegal) IGPJ Chessics 12, p.13, normal capfures, instead men move nrim may 'tag' an allied man, by lesll or are pushed or pulled off the moving to its squars, ffid the board. Each mot's consists of tw'o tagged man rnust then move in the parts, a nonnal move and a push or same turn of play. This move may pull of & man of either colour. also be a tag movs. Pawns tag by Either part-move can bs null, E their diagonal capture move" indicates a move ovsr the edge, f- [C.M.B.T1'lor Chessics l93 tl indicates n0 push or pull. Normal Mate UYrl l.Nc3 Qe8- Line-pieces can act at a distance. Kd7-Pds 2. P(d2)c3-Ndl -Q*d5* Par,vns push enemies diagonally but Fairy Mate lTYz or l l single allies fomard. A piece may move movesJ 1.Qe2-Pe3 Qc?-Pc6 2.8e2- voluntarily or bs pushed or pulled Qh5 Kf8-Bg?-Pg5 3.8h5- QxfT* ovsr the board edge by its own (if BQ does not move from back side. [H.Kltiver and P" Kahl t963] row Black e$capes the mate by * OppuCancellation Chess Mate fq l.c3 Qd4/d7-d3 2.{3 3. . .Qf8-Kg7-Bf8-Q xff !) (also known as Kamikaze Chess, ICMBT] Qd4-f2 /a7 -e3fi [Fabio Dulcich 24 Rex Inclusive) A piece that viii 19981 l.Ner*21e2*3 QdS-b6/ + captures vanishes along with the c7E Z"Ke llf2-93 Qb6-f2 /a7-e3l Evidentty the exarnples in these captured piece. The rule applies IGPJ 2 ix leesl lster sections barely begin to also to the kings, thus capture by a make an impression on the vasf king is illegal since it would be * Grwitational Chess A piece, potential o"f the subject. There trre selfdestruction. after making a nornal move, is endless fressures fhere waiting fo Stnlemnte with maximum pulled back one square towards its be found by diligent prospectors. destruction l,a4 a5 2.b4 b5 lzlt4l own baseline. Capfure may- be 3.axbS pawns disappear} {both made on the normal move and the Please send new results {or old axb4 4.c4 c5 5" d4 d5 6.cxd5 cxd4 gravitational move, or both. If the results overlooked in compiling the 7.Nh3 Nh6 8.Bxh6 Bxh3 9.RxaB gravitational part of the move is present collection) to the address Q"dt 10.e4 e5 I l.fil f5 12.94 95 blocked however the u'hole move is bslow, for inclusion in a second 13.Iria3 Na6 14.Bxa6 Bxa3 l.Kfz prevented. Kings and Pav-rns are edition, or for consideration in Kf7 l6.exff gxfil l7"Rel Rg8 orthodox. Nafarrate Vsrisnt Che ss mag aztne I S.RxeS R*g4 l9.Kf3 Kg6 20.Kfl[ [Carlos " feenschach 19841 Khs zl.Kfs h6 22.h4 [cPJ Mate I?Yrl l.e3l4 h6/5 2.Qga-3 Spj nsw @ i'ttlw* r td, cui?1 Chessics 12, p. 13, 19S U f6 3.Qxg7-g6$ (not 2...f5 as 3...Nf6-7 stops the check) [J.D.Beasley Yariant Chess 1997J

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