DOCSLIB.ORG

Tandy's Little Wonder the Color Computer 1979-1991

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tandy's Little Wonder the Color Computer 1979-1991 Tandy's Little Wonder The Color Computer 1979-1991 A complete history and reference guide to the CoCo and all related hardware, software, and support sources. by F.G. Swygert SECOND EDITION - UPDATED FEB 2006 Tandy's Little Wonder page 1 INSIDE FRONT COVER If printing to bind, print only page 1 (front cover) on card stock or heavy colored paper. page 2 Tandy's Little Wonder Tandy's Little Wonder the Color Computer: 1980-1991 (and still going strong into the next century!) Second Edition written & edited by F.G. Swygert The Original Tandy Color Computer First Edition Copyright 1993, Second Edition Copyright 2006 by F.G. Swygert. All rights reserved. Published by FARNA Systems 147 Tom Moore Road, Leesville, SC 29070 e-mail: [email protected] Tandy's Little Wonder page 3 Tandy's Little Wonder the Color Computer SPECIAL ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: The following individuals have made contributions directly or indirectly to the content of this book : Frances Calcraft Lee Duell Thomas Fann Art Flexser Marty Goodman Frank Hogg Alan Huffman Don Hutchison Carmen Izzi Jr. M. David Johnson Bob Kemper Mark Marlette (Cloud-9) Nicholas Marentes Dave Myers Bob Montowski Alfredo Santos Kelly Thompson Jordan Tsvetkoff Rick Ulland Brian Wright Glenside Color Computer Club Mid-Iowa & Country CoCo Club Banner for the 15th "Last" CoCoFest annually hosted by Glenside Color Computer Club -- true stalwarts of the CoCo Community! This edition is dedicated to all those who continue to collect, use, and enjoy the Tandy Color Computer. All brand/trade names copyright their respective owners. No part of this publication may be reproduced or quoted without written permission from the publisher. All design and editing performed by F.G. Swygert. First Edition Printed in U.S. by CopyMasters, Warner Robins, GA., 20 April 1993. Second Edition Published via PDF by FARNA Systems, Leesville, SC, 29 April 2006. Copyright 1993 & 2006 by F.G. Swygert. page 4 Tandy's Little Wonder Table of Contents... Writting Conventions 6 Tid-Bits Introduction 7 The "Colour" Computer Down Under 92 History 8 The "68xxx" Story 93 CoCo Hardware Prices: 1980-1991 34 Two Boys and the CoCo 94 CoCo Clones 36 Frank Hogg and Frank Hogg Labs 95 Dragon Systems/Tano Dragon 36 About FARNA Systems 97 FHL TC-9 38 Operating Enviroments &Programming Languages APPENDIX: Color Basic 39 Color Computer Users Guide 100 ADOS 43 Serial Interface 101 Compiled BASIC 45 Cassette Interface 101 Converting Between BASICs 45 Joystick Interface 101 Other DECB Programming Languages RGB Interface 102 CoCo-C 46 Cartridge Connector 102 CF-83 FORTH 46 ASCII Character Codes 102 Machine/Assembly Language 48 BASIC/Extended/Disk Error Codes 103 Binary & Hexadecimal Conversions 49 Bank Switched ROM Paks (Activision) 103 Microwares' OS-9 50 NitrOS-9 53 SCHEMATICS: Support Typical B&W TV Circuit 61 Glenside Color Computer Club 54 CoCo 1 (D&E board) 104 Cloud-9 54 CoCo 2 (American made) 107 Internet Resources 55 CoCo 2 (Korean A, B is similar) 109 The CoCo Library 56 CoCo 3 111 Past Magazines 57 Multi-Pak Interface (large) 113 A Tribute to "The Rainbow" Magazine 58 Multi-Pak Interface (small) 114 Technical Reference FD-501 Disk Controller 115 Peripherals FD-501 Disk Drive 116 Video Display Devices 59 Chip Placement Guides 117 Mass Storage 63 Block Diagrams: GIME and MC6809E 119 Printers 68 Expansion Devices 70 PHOTOS: Miscellaneous Devices 74 CoCo 1 3 Hardware Upgrades & Modifications 15th Annual "Last" CoCoFest 4 ROM Upgrades 75 CoCo 1 Magazine Ad 33 RAM Upgrades 76 CoCo 2 Tandy Catalog Page 33 Upgrading the Keyboard 78 TANO Dragon 37 The Hitachi 6309 CPU 79 FHL TC-9 (on cover of Rainbow) 38 Putting It All In One Case 81 CoCo 2 w/accessories 42 Repairs Cloud-9 Super IDE HD controller 52 General Procedures/Tools 82 Cloud-9 512K SIMM Memory Upgrade 52 General Trouble Shooting 83 TRS-80 Color BASIC book cover 56 MC6809E CPU 85 Typical CoCo 3 setup 57 MC6821/6822 PIA 85 Rainbow first/mid/last issue covers 58 MC6883 and 74LS783/785 SAM 86 CoCo 3 connectors 75 MC6847 and MC6847T1 VDG 86 Exploded view of CoCo 3 121 The GIME 87 Disk Controller and Drive Repairs 87 Photo Gallery RS-232 Pak Repairs 88 Multi-Pak Intrface (MPI) Repairs 89 14 pages of bonus photos added just before publishing in Power Supply Repairs 89 April 2006! 122 - Back Cover Tandy's Little Wonder page 5 writing conventions used in this book.... In the course of writing, some standards were set so as not to Order phone 415-592-8097, call for catalog. $20 minimum order confuse the reader. plus 5% shipping and handling. Catalog usually has some IC pin-out information and RAM/EPROM cross reference... good * Hardware modifications, upgrades, and repairs are referred reference source. to throughout this book. At times, the references given may not seem clear. They are written in such a way that a person * The following abbreviations are used: with some understanding of electronics and the CoCo can A/L - Assembly Language easily figure out what to do. If you do not understand the ANSI - American National Standards Institute directions, you probably should not attempt the operation ASCII - American Standard for Computer Information Inter- alone... get help! THE AUTHOR, PUBLISHER, NOR change PRINTER ARE RESPONSIBLE IN ANY FASHION FOR BASIC - Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code THE RESULTS OF ANY PROJECTS OR REPAIRS MEN- BPS - Bits Per Second TIONED IN THIS BOOK, TO INCLUDE BODILY HARM, CCx - Color Computer, x = 1, 2, or 3 LOSS OF EQUIPMENT, OR LOSS OF DATA! CMOS - Complimentary Metal Oxide Silicon (chip construc- tion) * All references to hexadecimal addresses are written as CoCo - Color Computer “&Hxxxx”. The “&H” is used to precede the actual hexadeci- CPU - Central Processing Unit (actual processor chip) mal value when poking into memory to let the computer know DECB -Disk Extended Color BASIC the value will be in hexadecimal. Some other texts use a dollar DOS - Disk Operating System sign ($) in front of a value to mark it as being hexadecimal, DRAM -Dynamic RAM others use an asterics (*) or don’t mark it at all, as eight bit EDTASM or EDT/ASM -Editor/Assembler, usually the Tandy hexadecimal values usually contain numbers and letters. product EMAIL or E-Mail -Electronic Mail * When Radio Shack lists an item mentioned in their catalog EPROM - Electronicly Programmable Read Only Memory (especially parts), the part number will be listed in parentheses. GIME - Graphics, Interrupt, Memory Enhancement (chip, in This is not to encourage patronage of Radio Shack, but there CC3) is a Radio Shack in or near almost every town across the U.S. GUI -Graphic User Interface One would be better served to find an electronics parts store IC - Integrated Circuit (a “chip”) with a better small parts stock then RS, or mail order parts from I/O - Input/Output one of the following: M/L - Machine Language MPI - Multi-Pak Interface All Electronics Corp. MS - Milli-Seconds (millionths of a second) P.O. Box 567 MS-DOS - MicroSoft Disk Operating System Van Nuys, CA 91408 NMOS - Negative Metal Oxide Silicon (chip construction) Order phone 1-800-826-5432, call for catalog. Minimum order OS - Operating System is $10 plus $3.50 shipping and handling. OS-9 - Operating System (for the 680)9 PIA - Peripheral Interface Adapter Mouser Electronics PCB - Perforated Circuit Board 2401 Hwy 287 North P/S or PS - Power Supply Mansfield, TX 76063 RAM - Random Access Memory, usually meaning DRAM Phone 817-483-4422, call or write for catalog. ROM - Read Only Memory RS - Rat Shack... er... Radio Shack (division of Tandy Corp.) Digi-Key Corp. SAM - Synchronous Address Multiplexer P.O. Box 677 SECB -Super Extended Color BASIC Thief River Falls, MN 56701-0677 SIG - Special Interest Group Order phone 1-800-344-4539. No minimum order, minimum SP - Slot Pak (also used for Slot Pak II) shipping charge of $5 (no shipping if order over $25). No VDG - Video Display Generator Motorola chips listed, but will supply non-listed items if VOM - Volt and Ohm Meter (multimeter) available. Volume discounts for orders over $100. WYSIWYG - What You See Is What You Get (and probably others not listed!) Jameco Electronics 1355 Shoreway Road Belmont, CA 94002 page 6 Tandy's Little Wonder Introduction... Alfredo Santos, December 1990 While skimming through the pages of a popular Color Computer magazine recently, my thoughts traveled back through the 12 years of Color Computer history. Back to a time when there was NOTHING. I recalled the events leading up to my introduction to this wonderful machine. It seems like only yesterday... Christmas morning 1980: Pam, my wife, must have known that I was very interested in getting a computer because, there, under the tree was the new Mattell Intellevision!? Pam bought that machine due, in part, to the computer capabilities the unit would have with a keyboard console, scheduled for release in the spring. After several days of gunning down waves of aliens, we both suffered from blurred eye sight, blistered fingers, lack of sleep, and video game burn out. Spring seemed so far away. A couple weeks after Christmas, I came across an ad in the New York Daily News for a new Radio Shack computer which, like the Intellevision, had game cartridge capabilities, an important feature because, if I didn’t like computing, I could always go back to cleaning up the galaxy. For the refund price of the Intellevision (sorry Pam) plus another $150, I had enough money to purchase the new TRS-80 Color Computer. I celebrated the arrival of an early "spring".
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Microware OS-9 Release Notes Version 3.2
    Microware OS-9 Release Notes Version 4.1 RadiSys. 118th Street Des Moines, Iowa 50325 515-223-8000 www.radisys.com Revision A • May 2003 Copyright and publication information Reproduction notice This manual reflects version 4.1 of Microware OS-9. The software described in this document is intended to Reproduction of this document, in part or whole, by be used on a single computer system. RadiSys Corpo- any means, electrical, mechanical, magnetic, optical, ration expressly prohibits any reproduction of the soft- chemical, manual, or otherwise is prohibited, without written permission from RadiSys Corporation. ware on tape, disk, or any other medium except for backup purposes. Distribution of this software, in part Disclaimer or whole, to any other party or on any other system may constitute copyright infringements and misappropria- The information contained herein is believed to be accurate as of the date of publication. However, tion of trade secrets and confidential processes which RadiSys Corporation will not be liable for any damages are the property of RadiSys Corporation and/or other including indirect or consequential, from use of the parties. Unauthorized distribution of software may OS-9 operating system, Microware-provided software, cause damages far in excess of the value of the copies or reliance on the accuracy of this documentation. involved. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. May 2003 Copyright ©2003 by RadiSys Corporation. All rights reserved. EPC and RadiSys are registered trademarks of RadiSys Corporation. ASM, Brahma, DAI, DAQ, MultiPro, SAIB, Spirit, and ValuePro are trademarks of RadiSys Corporation. DAVID, MAUI, OS-9, OS-9000, and SoftStax are registered trademarks of RadiSys Corporation.
    [Show full text]
  • Turbo Chameleon 64 Draft Version! (BETA-9)
    Turbo Chameleon 64 VGA, turbo, freezer and memory expansion for the Commodore-64 The Programmers Manual Peter Wendrich [email protected] February 11, 2014 Draft version! (BETA-9) 1 Contents 1 Introducing the Chameleon core 5 1.1 Turbo Chameleon Cartridge for the C64 . .5 1.2 Standalone Mode . .5 1.3 Docking Station . .5 2 Configuration Mode 5 2.1 Detecting a Chameleon . .5 2.2 Activating Configuration Mode . .6 2.3 Reconfigure the FPGA core . .6 2.4 Force menu mode . .6 2.5 Force reset from software . .6 3 Core version information 6 3.1 Version Registers . .7 4 Memory 7 4.1 Allocated memory ranges . .7 4.1.1 32 MByte Layout . .7 4.2 MMU Registers . .8 4.3 Memory Overlays (6510 CPU) . 10 5 Buttons 10 5.1 Buttons Configuration Register . 11 5.2 Last Button Pressed . 11 6 VGA Output 11 6.1 VGA Sync . 11 6.2 Frame buffers . 12 6.3 Scaling modes . 12 6.4 Scanline emulation . 12 6.5 VGA Registers . 13 6.6 Palette Registers . 14 6.7 Fixed Palette Entries . 14 7 VGA Status Lines 14 7.1 VGA Status Configuration Register . 15 8 Cartridge Emulation 16 8.1 Freezer Logic . 16 8.2 Clock port . 16 8.3 Simple ROM cartridges . 16 8.4 MMC64 . 17 8.4.1 MMC64 additional SPI devices . 17 8.5 RAM expansions . 17 8.5.1 REU (Ram Expansion Unit) 1700, 1750, 1764 . 18 8.5.2 REU Emulated Quirks . 18 8.5.3 REU Registers . 19 8.5.4 GeoRAM registers .
    [Show full text]
  • ROM OS-9 Into Your Coco Boisy G
    ROM OS-9 Into Your CoCo Boisy G. Pitre Imagine turning on your CoCo and instead of being greeted with the all-to-familiar Microsoft BASIC copyright message and OK prompt, you see “OS9 BOOT”. In two seconds, the OS-9 copyright banner and an OS9: prompt appears, and you have an OS-9 shell at your fingertips without having anything plugged in the CoCo’s expansion port! It may sound far out, but it’s actually quite easy to set up a ROM-based OS-9 CoCo. It can be done simply by replacing the Microsoft BASIC ROM that comes in all CoCo systems with a ROM containing OS-9 with special modifications to certain modules to allow booting from ROM. OS-9 Sans Disk? It may sound strange that OS-9 could be run totally from ROM, but indeed, this is the way that OS-9 was designed to run: without any disk storage. In the embedded OS-9 world, a disk drive or other mass storage device is incidental, or in most cases, impractical. Yet in the CoCo world, we have become accustomed to thinking of OS-9 as a Disk Operating System (DOS) as opposed to an embedded operating system. This was reinforced by the fact that Tandy/Radio Shack catalogs stated that OS-9 required a disk drive, and indeed, for the particular boot strategy that Tandy and Microware employed, a disk drive was and still is necessary. So if it is possible to use OS-9 without a disk drive, then what’s the point? How useful can OS-9 be without a disk drive? The answer: extremely useful.
    [Show full text]
  • "TO-ASIST " Customised Software Tool Developed for A
    3 .A Theoretical Advance "TO-ASIST " It has been established that if new users to SIT are to feel comfortable and productive in their use of the technology, they require adequate training materials and user-. friendly software interfaces. It is proposed here that the concept of a TO-ASIST (Task Orientated - Application of a Spatial Information Systems Toolbox) is a possible vehicle by which both of these objectives may be met. A TO-ASIST may be defined as a: Customised software tool developed for a specific function using spatial information systems principles, presented in an environment that guides users through the application andfcicilitates learning of those principles. The TO-ASIST represents a re-assessment of how SIT is delivered to users from a non-technical background. An important feature of the TO-ASIST concept is its restriction to one function. Further, the TO-ASIST must undertake all of those tasks that are repetitive and require complex sequences of processing algorithms. The simplicity of use of the TO-ASIST is the key to its success. If a more complex TO- ASIST were developed, this would represent a return to a more generic interface menu, the very thing that should be avoided. The development of a TO-ASIST must be driven from the end-user rather than a SIT specialist attempting to predict what is needed. The development of useable software must be matched by an equal desire to provide linked, on-line instruction on the use of the software as well as linked, on-line reference to technical theory, should the analyst wish to pursue it.
    [Show full text]
  • ® OS-9 RTOS for Power PC Based Systems Deterministic - Efficient - Scalable - Fast Booting
    MICROWARE® RTOS OS-9 for Power PC based systems Deterministic - Efficient - Scalable - Fast Booting Embedded systems span a myriad of applications, . High availability - OS-9 has the ability to add, ranging from simple microcontrollers to sophisticated remove, and replace individual components in medical imaging systems to complex industrial the system while on-line and in-use. This results applications. At the heart of these diverse applications in a high degree of system availability, even is an operating system (OS) - a software foundation during maintenance. Proven over 30 years in that delivers a common set of services helping mission critical devices around the world. software developers deliver their product to market more quickly. Enter Microware OS‐9, the high‐ performance, high‐availability real‐time operating system platform from MicroSys. The Microware OS‐9 RTOS has been deployed and proven in thousands of products worldwide and represented hundreds of embedded applications, including industrial automation and control and automotive and medical instrumentation. WHY MICROWARE OS-9 Microware OS-9 compact, high- performance multi-user, multi- tasking real-time kernel is a proven foundation for time-to-revenue success. OS-9 is a full-featured operating system framework, . Hard Real-Time Performance - Unlike Windows including the OS kernel, kernel services, and industry- and Linux-based systems, Microware OS-9 was standard APIs, middleware, and a complete IDE-based conceived from the ground up to meet the development framework. high-performance and reliability requirements of time-critical embedded applications. REDUCE RISK FAST BOOTING . High reliability - the OS-9 secure process model, real-time operating system (RTOS) provides .
    [Show full text]
  • OS-9 Technical Manual 4 Contents
    OS-9® Te c h n i c a l Manual Version 4.2 RadiSys. 118th Street Des Moines, Iowa 50325 515-223-8000 www.radisys.com Revision A • April 2003 Copyright and publication information Reproduction notice This manual reflects version 4.2 Microware OS-9. The software described in this document is intended to Reproduction of this document, in part or whole, by be used on a single computer system. RadiSys Corpo- any means, electrical, mechanical, magnetic, optical, ration expressly prohibits any reproduction of the soft- chemical, manual, or otherwise is prohibited, without written permission from RadiSys Corporation. ware on tape, disk, or any other medium except for backup purposes. Distribution of this software, in part Disclaimer or whole, to any other party or on any other system may constitute copyright infringements and misappropria- The information contained herein is believed to be accurate as of the date of publication. However, tion of trade secrets and confidential processes which RadiSys Corporation will not be liable for any damages are the property of RadiSys Corporation and/or other including indirect or consequential, from use of the parties. Unauthorized distribution of software may OS-9 operating system, Microware-provided software, cause damages far in excess of the value of the copies or reliance on the accuracy of this documentation. involved. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. April 2003 Copyright ©2003 by RadiSys Corporation. All rights reserved. EPC and RadiSys are registered trademarks of RadiSys Corporation. ASM, Brahma, DAI, DAQ, MultiPro, SAIB, Spirit, and ValuePro are trademarks of RadiSys Corporation.
    [Show full text]
  • Building Object-Oriented Instrument Kits
    FI.,.HEWLETT a:~ PACKARD Building Object-Oriented Instrument Kits Martin L. Griss, Robert R. Kessler* Software Technology Laboratory HPL-96-22 February, 1996 component, Quick development of related instrument applications requires a domain-specific new approach-eombine techniques of systematic software reuse kits, framework, and component-based software with object technology and RAD. object-oriented, Reusable domain-specific frameworks, components, glue 00 methods, languages, and tools must be designed to work together to simplify application construction. Previous papers define such software reuse, compatible workproducts as domain-specific kits and describe a WAVE framework for their analysis and comparison. Using this kit model, we analyze the Hewlett-Packard Visual Engineering Environment (VEE) as a domain-specific kit. Contrasting these analysis results with those for Microsoft's Visual Basic@ (VB), we can identify the key features required for an experimental next-generation version of such an instrument kit. We gain maximum benefit by integrating systematic 00 methods to develop reusable architecture, framework, and components with a flexible, domain-specific visual application assembly environment. Using ObjectoryTM as the design tool and VB as the implementation vehicle, we have prototyped an open, component-oriented VEE-like environment, the WAVE Engineering System. WAVE is a flexible kit that supports high levels of software reuse. We illustrate how object technology, reuse, and RAD methods are combined by applying WAVE to a simple LEGOTM instrumentation kit implemented in VB. We describe some results of our experiments and what we have learned about kit construction using 00 methods and VB implementation. This description will enable the reader to use the concept of kits to structure and package reuse deliverables, and also indicate how technologies such as VB can be used as a powerful starting point.
    [Show full text]
  • Commodore - 64 „ Word Processors AJIR
    $2.50 NO. 64 SEPTEMBER 1983 International Edition $3.00 /Acim a g in g . Computer Knowledge x Design your own !\ V educational software Elementary students use Logo Establish an effective computer curriculum in your school system Turtle Graphics for the VIC-20 and C64 More Than in the Valley I Look a\ a Personal Computer See page 28 See page 60 See page 37 Atari Painting Program Wraps Up A Product Catalog for the Atari and Apple Text Compression and Encryption Will Remember (If you . ■* . ,r *■> . *•,*- fCS&p Imagine a system that would record all MAGIC MEMORY4 is built for th&axr^V; the wonderous, valuable information puter rookie Everyone can relate to -/ you have assimilated onto a single tiny MAGIC MEMORY* becauseitsfofrft is^ r disk. (No more scattered bits of paper, familiar. It looks like an address book ''1 business cards, etc.) Imagine the same but its not. Its more. Like the address system giving you a typed sheet you book MAGIC MEMORY" presents an could put into a notebook or print out A thru Z index tabulation on the right for a party and instantly change, or add edge of the video display The user to, at a moments notice. Imagine cross- simply selects a tab and the book is referencing to suit both your business opened to the proper page(s). A second needs and personal desires so that all set of tabs are available that can be your data was organized into one little labeled by the user (i e companies one black book! On top of all this — imagine deals with, birthdays, lists, wines, having fun putting it together.
    [Show full text]
  • Keith and Betty's Idiosyncratic Recommendations for Pcs And
    Keith and Betty’s Idiosyncratic Recommendations for PCs and Software Version 13.01 Print date: November 21, 2002 Copyright © 1988, 2002 by Betty P. Thomas & Keith Conover, M.D., FACEP Copy and pass on to others, or link to http://www.pitt.edu/~kconover/ftp/kbrec.pdf but don’t alter in any way. Published by Conover+Thomas 13.0 P.O. Box 22262 Now with WiFi, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-0262 Mozilla, and Updates and electronic version with clickable links Iomega HDD info! available at: www.pitt.edu/~kconover/ftp/kbrec.pdf “What computer should I buy? What printer? What about DSL and cable modems?” We’re often asked to recommend computers, software, and computer dealers. It’s hard to keep up with the market, but here are today’s recommendations. You may find this somewhat oversimplified, but remember,“we are more likely to reach the truth through error than through confusion.” (Bacon) Which Computer? Want a truly personal computer, for Web browsing, ibility but included more advanced processor chips email, writing, calculating, simple financial work, (80386, 80486SX, 80486, Pentiums). Pentium III games, and maybe a bit of programming? We have computers are now entry-level. Get at least 256 some advice. And if you deal with PCs at work and megabytes of memory (512MB is better and memory feel a bit under-computer-literate, start here. is cheap). As of the winter 2002, fast Pentium-4 If money is tight, get a cheap generic PC clone CPUs are everywhere, but you can get by just fine from one of the better mail-order companies (e.g., with a 1 GHz Pentium III or AMD Athlon.
    [Show full text]
  • Commodore Enters in the Play “Business Is War, I Don't Believe in Compromising, I Believe in Winning” - Jack Tramiel
    Commodore enters in the play “Business is war, I don't believe in compromising, I believe in winning” - Jack_Tramiel Commodore_International Logo Commodore International was an American home computer and electronics manufacturer founded by Jack Tramiel. Commodore International (CI), along with its subsidiary Commodore Business Machines (CBM), participated in the development of the home personal computer industry in the 1970s and 1980s. CBM developed and marketed the world's best-selling desktop computer, the Commodore 64 (1982), and released its Amiga computer line in July 1985. With quarterly sales ending 1983 of $49 million (equivalent to $106 million in 2018), Commodore was one of the world's largest personal computer manufacturers. Commodore: the beginnings The company that would become Commodore Business Machines, Inc. was founded in 1954 in Toronto as the Commodore Portable Typewriter Company by Polish-Jewish immigrant and Auschwitz survivor Jack Tramiel. By the late 1950s a wave of Japanese machines forced most North American typewriter companies to cease business, but Tramiel instead turned to adding machines. In 1955, the company was formally incorporated as Commodore Business Machines, Inc. (CBM) in Canada. In 1962 Commodore went public on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), under the name of Commodore International Limited. Commodore soon had a profitable calculator line and was one of the more popular brands in the early 1970s, producing both consumer as well as scientific/programmable calculators. However, in 1975, Texas Instruments, the main supplier of calculator parts, entered the market directly and put out a line of machines priced at less than Commodore's cost for the parts.
    [Show full text]
  • BASIC 64 Complete Compiler for the Commodore 64
    BASIC 64 complete compiler for the Commodore 64 By T. Helbig 25933 A Data Becker product Published by: Abacus IIISoftware ~ ~~. " '~ COPYRIGHT NOTICE Abacus Software makes this package available for use on a single computer only. It is unlawful to copy any portion of this software package onto any medium for any purpose other than backup. It is unlawful to give away or resell copies of any part of this package. Any unauthorized distribution of this product deprives the authors of their deserved royalties. For use on multiple computers, please contact ABACUS Software to make such arrangements. WARRANTY Abacus Software makes no warranties, expressed or implied as to the fitness of this software product for any particular purpose. In no event will Abacus Software be liable for consequential damages. Abacus Software will replace any copy of the software which is unreadable if returned within 30 days of r). purchase. Thereafter, there will be a non;linal charge for replacement .' Third Printing, July 1985 Printed in U.S.A. Translated by Gene Traas, Heidi Sumner Copyright (C)1984 Data Becker, GmbH Merowingerstr. 30 4000 Dusseldorf, W.Germany Copyright (C)1984 Abacus Software, Inc. P.O. Box 7211 Grand Rapids, MI 49510 ISBN # 0·916439·17·8 TABLE OF CONTENTS o. IN1RODUCTION . • . • . • . • . • • . • . • . • 1 " 1. GETTINGSTARTED .•..•.....•••.•••..•.. 3 -....) 2. THECOMPllEWOPTIMUER ..•..••••.••..•.. 7 3. ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT FEATURES. • • • • . • • .11 4. THE OVERLAY FEATURE ..••.••....•..••.• 15 5. COMPll.ER DIRECTIVES. • . • . • . • • . • • • . • • . 17 6. HINTS FOR PROGRAMMING. • • . • . .21 PROGRAMMER'S APPENDIX COMPll.ER DETAll..S. • . • . • • • • • . • . • • • . 23 ARRAYS .•••.•••••.•.••••••••..••.• 25 INTEGER LOOPS. • . • . • . • . • . • • . • . .25 BASIC EXTENSIONS . • . • . • . • . • • • . • • . • • .26 SIMON'S BASIC. • . • . 28 BASIC 4.0. I • • • • • I • • • • • • • • • • 130 COMPILING BASIC EXTENSIONS.
    [Show full text]
  • Atari 130XE Machine Language for the Absolute Beginner Kindle
    ATARI 130XE MACHINE LANGUAGE FOR THE ABSOLUTE BEGINNER PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Kevin Bergin | 164 pages | 03 Sep 2020 | ACORN BOOKS | 9781789824322 | English | none Atari 130XE Machine Language for the Absolute Beginner PDF Book M; Ewbank, Kay. OK, as promised, these are the companion programs for the book "Atari xe Machine Language for the Absolute Beginner". Master Memory Map for the Atari Topics: graphics, poke, location, screen, mode, byte, locations, bytes, memory, color, graphics mode, Inside Atari Basic. Then, if you really wish to explore the world of python, learn and master its language, please click the? For example, you could collect procedures to do matrix algebra or create various graphics objects. Condition: Fair. Think of the virtual assistants of smartphones, product recommendations for customers in online shops, the prevention of credit card fraud, spam filters in e-mail programs, the detection and diagnosis of disease symptoms. We all know that Norton's book is very convenient to reed. An Atari 8-bit Extra from A. There is no embarrassment, lots of stuff is being dug up and typed in, fixed and placed into preservation. Topics: Atari, Atari , Atari xl, Mac65, programming, assembly language, receipt. Analysis of popular Python projects templates-? Games For Your Atari. Includes index Topics: poke, atari, display, memory, graphics, color, language, program, assembly language, data, atari What does this price mean? A nice book on programming the Atari computer Topics: atari computer programming retro, Atari Computer , Atari Computer. Posted January 4, You should have seen what it did to the number 0, but that was so obvious it was fixed on the spot.
    [Show full text]