Geology and Geothermal Potential of the AWA Claim Group, Squamish
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Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Open File Report
l 122 EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMOLOGY - LEGAL ASPECTS OPEN FILE REPORT 92-2 EARTHQUAKES AND Ludwin, R. S.; Malone, S. D.; Crosson, R. EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMOLOGY - LEGAL S.; Qamar, A. I., 1991, Washington SEISMOLOGY - 1946 EVENT ASPECTS eanhquak:es, 1985. Clague, J. J., 1989, Research on eanh- Ludwin, R. S.; Qamar, A. I., 1991, Reeval Perkins, J. B.; Moy, Kenneth, 1989, Llabil quak:e-induced ground failures in south uation of the 19th century Washington ity of local government for earthquake western British Columbia [abstract). and Oregon eanhquake catalog using hazards and losses-A guide to the law Evans, S. G., 1989, The 1946 Mount Colo original accounts-The moderate sized and its impacts in the States of Califor nel Foster rock avalanches and auoci earthquake of May l, 1882 [abstract). nia, Alaska, Utah, and Washington; ated displacement wave, Vancouver Is Final repon. Maley, Richard, 1986, Strong motion accel land, British Columbia. erograph stations in Oregon and Wash Hasegawa, H. S.; Rogers, G. C., 1978, EARTHQUAKES AND ington (April 1986). Appendix C Quantification of the magnitude 7.3, SEISMOLOGY - NETWORKS Malone, S. D., 1991, The HAWK seismic British Columbia earthquake of June 23, AND CATALOGS data acquisition and analysis system 1946. [abstract). Berg, J. W., Jr.; Baker, C. D., 1963, Oregon Hodgson, E. A., 1946, British Columbia eanhquak:es, 1841 through 1958 [ab Milne, W. G., 1953, Seismological investi earthquake, June 23, 1946. gations in British Columbia (abstract). stract). Hodgson, J. H.; Milne, W. G., 1951, Direc Chan, W.W., 1988, Network and array anal Munro, P. S.; Halliday, R. J.; Shannon, W. -
Making Geoscience Fieldwork Inclusive and Accessible for Students with Disabilities GEOSPHERE, V
Research Paper THEMED ISSUE: Human Dimensions in Geoscience GEOSPHERE Making geoscience fieldwork inclusive and accessible for students with disabilities GEOSPHERE, v. 15, no. 6 Alison Stokes1, Anthony D. Feig2, Christopher L. Atchison3, and Brett Gilley4 1School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02006.1 2Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48858, USA 3School of Education and Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA 2 figures; 4 tables 4Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 CORRESPONDENCE: [email protected] ABSTRACT into the workplace (e.g., Levine et al., 2007; Gonzales and Keane, 2009; Houl- CITATION: Stokes, A., Feig, A.D., Atchison, C.L., and Gilley, B., 2019, Making geoscience fieldwork in- ton, 2010; LaDue and Pacheco, 2013). While a number of these projects have clusive and accessible for students with disabilities: Fieldwork is a fundamental characteristic of geoscience. However, the focused on specific aspects of diversity such as race and/or ethnicity (e.g., Geosphere, v. 15, no. 6, p. 1809–1825, https://doi .org requirement to participate in fieldwork can present significant barriers to stu- Gannet Hallar et al., 2010; Stokes et al., 2015; Carrick et al., 2016) and gender /10.1130 /GES02006.1. dents with disabilities engaging with geoscience as an academic discipline and (e.g., Canetto et al., 2012; Stokes et al., 2015), little attention has been paid to Science Editor: Shanaka de Silva subsequently progressing on to a career as a geoscience professional. -
Squamish Estuary
OCEAN WATCH | Howe Sound Edition SPECIES AND HABITATS Squamish Estuary AUTHOR Edith B. Tobe, Registered Professional What is happening in Biologist, Squamish River Watershed Society REVIEWER the Squamish Estuary? Gary Williams, M.Sc., R.P.Bio, Professional Wetland Scientist, GL Williams and Associates Ltd. The Squamish Estuary is situated at the head of Howe Sound, one of the southernmost fjords in British Columbia, where the Squamish River drains over 3,650 square kilometers of coastal rainforest into the ocean. An estuary is formed when fresh water mixes with marine waters to create a brackish tidally influenced zone. Estuaries are one of the most productive ecosystems on the planet, providing habitat for fisheries, waterfowl, and wildlife. There have been many anthropomorphic impacts to the Squamish Estuary since it was settled first by First Nations and later by Europeans and other cultures. The impacts have included urbanization, diking and logging and resulted in loss of habitat, changes to hydrology, and introduction of con- tamination. Figure 1. The brownfield site, a former log sort in the central Estuary, is the location of current restoration efforts. (Photo: Colin Bates, June 2015) Squamish Estuary | Page 123 OCEAN WATCH | Howe Sound Edition SPECIES AND HABITATS Organizations such as the Squamish River Water- lish tidal channels, mud flats and sedge marshes on shed Society (SRWS) have been working for close to the site. In 2015, efforts included removal of a large 20 years on re-establishing the estuary to its origin- amount of wood waste, grading the site, and trans- al function by reconnecting tidal channels, installing planting Lyngbye’s sedge (Carex lyngbyei), the dom- culverts, planting aquatic and terrestrial vegetation, inant grassy plant in the estuary and in many Pacific and creating wildlife habitat for aquatic and terrestrial coastal marshes. -
Milford Sound, Airport Wall, Mile High Club New Zealand, Southern Alps
AAC Publications Milford Sound, Airport Wall, Mile High Club New Zealand, Southern Alps In recent years I have been living between France and the USA, not really spending much time in my native New Zealand. My wife, Julie, is French, and our loose plan was to settle in France when our young son, Sam, started school. At the end of 2019, we had just finished a three-month road trip in California and headed back to NZ for Christmas—for what we intended to be a 10-week visit. But that was before COVID-19. In February, France began its first lockdown, and India, where I was meant to go in April to attempt Changabang, canceled all tourist visas. Since we were already in New Zealand, which at the time had no COVID- related restrictions, we took the easy option of staying there. A few months passed. New Zealand went through its own lockdown, which ended on May 13. We emerged with few restrictions, but we certainly weren’t leaving the country anytime soon. For two years, I had thought of Changabang daily, and for four months I’d been training cardio almost exclusively. Now I began looking for an outlet for all of the energy I had been saving for Changabang. There were no standout alpine objectives calling my name in New Zealand, but my friend Merry Schimanski, who was taking a year off work, was keen to help me develop a long rock route. Like me, he has a love of ground-up adventure climbing, and he is also well versed in establishing big granite lines. -
Community Risk Assessment
COMMUNITY RISK ASSESSMENT Squamish-Lillooet Regional District Abstract This Community Risk Assessment is a component of the SLRD Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan. A Community Risk Assessment is the foundation for any local authority emergency management program. It informs risk reduction strategies, emergency response and recovery plans, and other elements of the SLRD emergency program. Evaluating risks is a requirement mandated by the Local Authority Emergency Management Regulation. Section 2(1) of this regulation requires local authorities to prepare emergency plans that reflects their assessment of the relative risk of occurrence, and the potential impact, of emergencies or disasters on people and property. SLRD Emergency Program [email protected] Version: 1.0 Published: January, 2021 SLRD Community Risk Assessment SLRD Emergency Management Program Executive Summary This Community Risk Assessment (CRA) is a component of the Squamish-Lillooet Regional District (SLRD) Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan and presents a survey and analysis of known hazards, risks and related community vulnerabilities in the SLRD. The purpose of a CRA is to: • Consider all known hazards that may trigger a risk event and impact communities of the SLRD; • Identify what would trigger a risk event to occur; and • Determine what the potential impact would be if the risk event did occur. The results of the CRA inform risk reduction strategies, emergency response and recovery plans, and other elements of the SLRD emergency program. Evaluating risks is a requirement mandated by the Local Authority Emergency Management Regulation. Section 2(1) of this regulation requires local authorities to prepare emergency plans that reflect their assessment of the relative risk of occurrence, and the potential impact, of emergencies or disasters on people and property. -
Teaching Activities
S QUAMISH RIVERS & ESTUARY Squamish Streams Around the Corner Grades: 4-7 Subject, Science, Language Arts Time required:30 –60 minutes Key Concepts: Everyday actions make a difference in watershed and estuary health.. Objectives: To identify local streams and protected areas Background: To use research, mapping and Materials interviewing skills; In British Columbia, there are many different use a variety of ways to types of protected areas. They include public Maps collect and record data; lands in networks of national, provincial and regional parks, wildlife management areas, (community & school) recreation areas, wilderness areas, ecological reserves, nature sanctuaries, greenways and Student Journals municipal parks, cultural heritage sites, heri- Pencil or pen Key Words: tage buildings and more. They also include water areas that are protected but not owned by the Streams, protected areas public but are protected by a range of fed- eral, provincial or local regulations. These types of protected areas include local areas such as water-courses (rivers, streams, lakes, Skills: ponds, wetlands) and their riparian Analysis, discussion, listing, writing/ (streamside) areas, environmentally sensitive drawing areas, and other areas of noted local impor- tance. 1 Squamish Streams Around the Corner Protected areas range in size from vast expanses of wilderness areas to tiny pockets memorabilia. of nature covering a few hectares or less. 4. Ask each group to brainstorm a list of Together, protected areas on public and places and people in their community private lands provide ways to protect natural that might be able to help them answer ecosystems such as streams as well as to the following questions about their enhance and restore local natural areas. -
Where the Rivers Meet The
Natural Hazards in Squamish 1 District of Squamish Where the Rivers Meet the Sea Lessons from the Past HIGHWAY 99 Official Community Plan Adopted 2010 SQUAMISH RIVER The District of Squamish is located at the head of Howe Several conclusions can be drawn from the flood history in VER Schedule D1 YE RI CHEEKE Sound where 5 rivers converge. These mountain rivers, Squamish: FLOOD AND DEBRIS FLOW fed by glaciers, snowmelt and precipitation, descend HAZARD AREAS from their steep mountain tops carrying water, sediment, 1. All the rivers in Squamish pose a risk of flooding. All have Levette Legend Lake and on occasion, rocks and other debris. When these fast Evans Cr B Debris Flow Hazard Area r Brohm Lake o h caused multiple and damaging floods in the past. m Riv Flood Hazard Area !!! e r Dykes flowing rivers reach the gently sloping valley, they tend to Parks and Ecological Reserves Paradise Valley Rd 2. Damaging floods have also occurred as a result of coastal Indian Reserves Boundaries slow down and spread out, and leave sediment behind. Evans hazard zones Lake The terms alluvial fan and floodplain are used to describe inundation. Source: Cheekye River Terrain Hazard and Land Use Study, March 1993 HAZARD ZONES 1. Alluvial fan hazard zone - level 1 (high) the riparian areas along these lower river reaches. 4 2. Alluvial fan hazard zone - level 2 (intermediate) 3. The flood risk in Squamish has strong seasonal variations. Most C 6 H 3 Cat E 3 3. Alluvial fan hazard zone - level 3 (moderate) ER E Lake s Cr IV K Evan R E 5 Y 4. -
Flow Hydraulics, Bedforms and Macroturbulence of Squamish River Estuary, British Columbia
FLOW HYDRAULICS, BEDFORMS AND MACROTURBULENCE OF SQUAMISH RIVER ESTUARY, BRITISH COLUMBIA C. Scott Babakaiff B.Sc. University of British Columbia 1991 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in the Department of Geography OC. Scott Babakaiff Simon Fraser University December 1993 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name: Scott Curtis Babakaiff Degree: Master of Science Title of Thesis: Row Hydraulics, Bedforms And Macroturbulence Of Squamish River Estuary, British Columbia Examining Committee: Chair: A.C.B. Roberts, Associate Professor L. Lesack Assistant Professor Mr. K.' Re,HydroloBst Northwest Hydraulics Dr. M.A. Church, Professor Department of Geography University of British Columbia External Examiner Date Approved: December 6.1993 i i PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE I hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis, project or extended essay (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Title of Thesis/Project/Extended Essay Flow Hydraulics, Bedforms And Macroturbulence Of Sauamish River Estuary. -
Squamish/ Mamquam River Survey
DISTRICT OF SQUAMISH REPORT TO: Council FOR: Regular Meeting of Council PRESENTED: September 18, 2007 FILE: COMDEV SUBJECT: Award of Squamish and Mamquam River Studies Recommendation: THAT Council award the Research and Survey components of the Squamish & Mamquam River Studies to Kerr Wood Leidal and Associates at a price not to exceed $64,872 plus GST; AND FURTHER THAT Council implore the Province to recognize the urgent need for the remainder of the work to be completed, the historical role of the Province in performing this work and request funding for the remainder of the study from Province. CAO Recommendation: THAT the report from Community Development be approved. K. Anema, CAO 1. Purpose: This report is intended to authorize the award the Squamish and Mamquam River Studies. 2. Time Critical: Flood hazard protection is one of Council’s highest priorities. This assignment is intended to undertake the river surveys that are needed to assess the current level of protection afforded by the existing dykes and then determine what, if any, measures are needed to achieve the 200 year standard of protection. 3. Background: The flood of record for the Squamish River occurred in October of 2003. The subsequent analysis of that flood suggested that the existing dykes on the Squamish and Mamquam Rivers may not be providing protection from the provincially accepted, 200 year design storm. Of further concern is aggradation or sediment build-up of the river bed. This may have the effect of further reducing the level of protection afforded by the dykes. In order to determine the current level of protection and thereby establish what, if any, upgrading is necessary a survey of the floodplain must first be undertaken. -
Stawamus Chief and Shannon Falls Provincial Parks
Welcome to the Park Visitor Services Stawamus Chief and Stawamus Chief and Shannon Falls Provincial Parks lie Vehicle-accessible sites at Stawamus are not suitable side-by-side along Hwy 99, between Vancouver and for large RVs. Shannon Falls doesn’t allow camping. Shannon Falls Squamish. The Stawamus Chief is the second largest Walk-in campsites in Stawamus are close to the Provincial Parks granite monolith in the world, renowned for its rock parking lot and well-shaded by second growth trees. climbing. Those who reach the summit are rewarded with spectacular views of Howe Sound. The cliff faces Both parks have day-use areas. Most picnic tables at Park Map and Information Guide of the Chief provide critical nesting habitat for the Shannon Falls have barbecue holders and its group endangered Peregrine falcon. site takes reservations. Stawamus has a picnic shelter. Shannon Falls holds particular significance for the Shannon Falls has both pit and flush toilets, Stawamus Squamish people, the area’s first inhabitants. One Chief has pit toilets only. legend tells that Say-noth-ka, a two-headed sea serpent, created the falls by repeatedly slithering up and down Shannon Falls has accessible toilets. picnic tables and the mountainside. a trail (slight grade) that is both paved and gravel. Help may be required to reach the viewing platform. Things to Do Drinking water is available in both parks. Stawamus Chief is an international climbing destination, with opportunities for climbers of all Enjoy Your Stay skill levels to practice a variety of styles. Bouldering opportunities exist at the base of the Chief. -
The Chief Dick Culbert
The Chief Dick Culbert Its official name is Stawamus Chief, a ridge of modest elevation (652 m) squatting in a valley amid 1800 m and higher summits, directly above the port of Squamish. The Chief, however, is not so much a mountain as a wall. Solid granite, roughly a mile long, and up to 460 m in relief-altogether an impress ive looking cliff to have in the back yard of a town. Firm rock, serious dimen sions, and above all the Chief's easy access have made it the focal point of rock climbing on the W coast of Canada. A major highway skirts the base of the main walls, now an hour's drive from the city of Vancouver and 4 hours from the larger American metropolis of Seattle. Since the beginning of serious climbing at Squamish, it has been part of the 'Yosemite School'. Even at a time when Yosemite was a place known only from journals and rumours, Chief-enthusiasts attempted to apply what was known of the Californian techniques and the decimal system of grading. Almost without exception, those who have been most successful on the Chief, have gone on to become part of the Yosemite scene, bypassing the other American rock climbing centres in the traditional 1500 mile journey to that shrine. To be sure, there are some rough similarities between the 2 climbing areas. Both are granite and both are children of the Ice Age-the last glacier having pulled back from the Squamish Valley a mere 10,000 years ago. Beyond these factors there are some very important differences, however, which run almost entirely in favour of Yosemite. -
Stawamus Chief Provincial Park: Monitoring and Protection Of
Stawamus Chief Provincial Park: Monitoring and Protection of Nesting Peregrine Falcons from Impacts of Rock Climbing Claire Melanson Report prepared at the request of BC Parks in partial fulfillment of UBC Geography 419: Research in Environmental Geography, for Dr. David Brownstein May 2015 Melanson 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................... 3 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 4 Methods ........................................................................................................................... 6 Literature Review .......................................................................................................... 6 Expert Interviews .......................................................................................................... 7 Current Protocol and Barriers ................................................................................ 8 Expert Interviews ......................................................................................................... 9 Gavin Emmons .............................................................................................................. 9 Former Volunteer ....................................................................................................... 10 Recommendations ..................................................................................................