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Mamquam River Stranding Sensitivity Mapping and Method for Estimating Fish Stranding

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Mamquam River Stranding Sensitivity Mapping and Method for Estimating Fish Stranding Mamquam River Stranding Sensitivity Mapping and Method for Estimating Fish Stranding K.L.C. Munn, G.C. Dare, H.D. Klassen Fisheries and Oceans Canada Pacific Region Ecosystem Management Branch 200-401 Burrard Street Vancouver, British Columbia V6C 3S4 2016 Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 3102 Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Manuscript reports contain scientific and technical information that contributes to existing knowledge but which deals with national or regional problems. Distribution is restricted to institutions or individuals located in particular regions of Canada. However, no restriction is placed on subject matter, and the series reflects the broad interests and policies of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, namely, fisheries and aquatic sciences. Manuscript reports may be cited as full publications. The correct citation appears above the abstract of each report. Each report is abstracted in the data base Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts. Manuscript reports are produced regionally but are numbered nationally. Requests for individual reports will be filled by the issuing establishment listed on the front cover and title page. Numbers 1-900 in this series were issued as Manuscript Reports (Biological Series) of the Biological Board of Canada, and subsequent to 1937 when the name of the Board was changed by Act of Parliament, as Manuscript Reports (Biological Series) of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Numbers 1426 - 1550 were issued as Department of Fisheries and Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service Manuscript Reports. The current series name was changed with report number 1551. Rapport manuscrit canadien des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques Les rapports manuscrits contiennent des renseignements scientifiques et techniques qui constituent une contribution aux connaissances actuelles, mais qui traitent de problèmes nationaux ou régionaux. La distribution en est limitée aux organismes et aux personnes de régions particulières du Canada. II n'y a aucune restriction quant au sujet; de fait, la série reflète la vaste gamme des intérêts et des politiques de Pêches et Océans Canada, c'est-à-dire les sciences halieutiques et aquatiques. Les rapports manuscrits peuvent être cités comme des publications à part entière. Le titre exact figure au-dessus du résumé de chaque rapport. Les rapports manuscrits sont résumés dans la base de données Résumés des sciences aquatiques et halieutiques. Les rapports manuscrits sont produits à l'échelon régional, mais numérotés à l'échelon national. Les demandes de rapports seront satisfaites par l'établissement auteur dont le nom figure sur la couverture et la page du titre. Les numéros 1 à 900 de cette série ont été publiés à titre de Manuscrits (série biologique) de l'Office de biologie du Canada, et après le changement de la désignation de cet organisme par décret du Parlement, en 1937, ont été classés comme Manuscrits (série biologique) de l'Office des recherches sur les pêcheries du Canada. Les numéros 901 à 1425 ont été publiés à titre de Rapports manuscrits de l'Office des recherches sur les pêcheries du Canada. Les numéros 1426 à 1550 sont parus à titre de Rapports manuscrits du Service des pêches et de la mer, ministère des Pêches et de l'Environnement. Le nom actuel de la série a été établi lors de la parution du numéro 1551. i Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 3102 2016 MAMQUAM RIVER STRANDING SENSITIVITY MAPPING AND STRANDING ESTIMATION by K.L.C. Munn, G.C. Dare, H.D. Klassen Fisheries and Oceans Canada Ecosystem Management Branch Suite 200 - 401 Burrard Street Vancouver, British Columbia V6C 3S4 ii © Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada, 2016, Cat. No. Fs 97-4/3102E-PDF ISBN 978-0-660-05667-8 ISSN 1488-5387 Correct citation for this publication: Munn K.L.C., Dare, G.C., and Klassen, H.D. 2016. Mamquam River Stranding Sensitivity Mapping and Stranding Estimation. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 3102: v + 45 p. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................. iii ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................ iv 1.0. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Study Area ............................................................................................................................... 2 2.0. METHODOLOGY....................................................................................................................... 3 2.1. Pre-Field Work ........................................................................................................................ 3 2.2. Field Methods ......................................................................................................................... 3 2.3. Statistical Analysis, Mapping & Tool.................................................................................. 5 3.0. RESULTS .................................................................................................................................. 12 3.1. Mamquam Stranding Sensitivity Map .............................................................................. 13 3.2. Stranding Estimation Tool .................................................................................................. 15 3.3. Substrate Surveys................................................................................................................ 16 4.0. DISCUSSION............................................................................................................................ 17 4.1. Mapping & Substrate Surveys .......................................................................................... 17 4.2. Stranding Estimation Tool .................................................................................................. 19 5.0. CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................... 22 6.0. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................... 23 7.0. REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................... 24 8.0. APPENDICES........................................................................................................................... 27 8.1. River Flow and Stage Data from Atlantic Power........................................................... 27 8.2. Water Survey of Canada Data: 2007, 2009-2012 ........................................................ 28 8.3. Stranding Estimation Tool .................................................................................................. 31 8.4. Detailed Stranding Sensitivity Maps ................................................................................ 32 8.5. Collected Substrate Data ................................................................................................... 42 8.6. Water Survey of Canada Data: 2012 .............................................................................. 45 iv ABSTRACT Munn K.L.C., Dare, G.C., and Klassen, H. 2016. Mamquam River Stranding Sensitivity Mapping and Stranding Estimation. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 3102: v + 45 p. Hydroelectric projects can increase fish stranding due to emergency shutdowns that rapidly dewater fish habitat. Other factors affect the river’s natural susceptibility to stranding, primarily cross-section slope and substrate composition. We mapped sites of varying stranding risk along the Mamquam River based on these characteristics. We conducted transect surveys within high risk sites measuring slopes and estimating percent substrate composition and embeddedness. We developed a fish stranding estimation tool that approximates the total number of fish stranded along the Mamquam following emergency shutdowns. Our map and tool can be used to target high priority areas for fish salvage operations and calculate systemic fish mortalities during emergency shutdowns. In addition to estimating the total number of fish stranded, the tool could also be useful in influencing decisions on ramping guidelines, and powerhouse operation practices. RÉSUMÉ Munn K.L.C., Dare, G.C., and Klassen, H. 2016. Mamquam River Stranding Sensitivity Mapping and Stranding Estimation. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 3102: v + 45 p. Les projets hydroélectriques peuvent accroître le risque d'échouement de poissons en raison des arrêts d'urgence qui évacuent rapidement l'eau de leur habitat. D'autres facteurs influent sur la vulnérabilité naturelle de la rivière à l'égard des échouements, soit principalement les talus transversaux et la composition du substrat. Nous avons cartographié des sites qui présentaient différents risques d'échouement le long de la rivière Mamquam en fonction de ces caractéristiques. Nous avons également effectué des levés de transect dans les sites à risque élevé et avons mesuré les talus et estimé la composition du substrat et le pourcentage d'intégration. Enfin, nous avons élaboré un outil d'estimation des échouements de poisson qui permet d'évaluer approximativement le nombre total de poissons échoués le long de la rivière Mamquam à la suite d'arrêts d'urgence. Notre carte
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