Cryptantha Scoparia A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Cryptantha scoparia A. Nelson miner's candle Boraginaceae - borage family status: State Sensitive, BLM sensitive rank: G4? / S1 General Description: Slender annual 5-30 cm tall, freely branched, often without a well-defined central axis, with straight, sharp, stiff, appressed hairs, or with a few spreading hairs. Leaves linear, hairy, with towering pustules at hair bases. Floral Characteristics: Inflorescences are naked spikes, often in pairs. Fruiting calyx narrow, 4-6 mm long, closely ascending, with short, straight, stiff, appressed hairs, and also bristly with longer, stiff, sharp, spreading hairs. Corolla about 1 mm wide. Fruits: Usually 4 nutlets, 1.7-2.1 x 0.5-0.7 mm, lanceolate, appearing serrate along the edges, especially toward the apex, due to the presence of many fine, pointed papillae. The nutlet Illustration by Jeanne R. Janish, scar is closed or narrowly open and the style about equals the ©1959 University of Washington nutlets. In WA, C. scoparia is identifiable April to June. Press Identification Tips: Mature nutlets are necessary for identification. The mature nutlets of C. scoparia are covered in numerous, small, sharply pointed papillae. This feature is visible with a 10X hand lens and unique among the annual Cryptantha found here. Range: From WA south to CA, and east to MT, WY, and CO. Habitat/Ecology: Prefers dry areas with full sun and little competing vegetation. In WA it grows on south-facing slopes and ridges between small canyons with fine, dry silt and talus, from 350 to 650 m (1200-2100 ft) elevation. Sites may be a little more alkaline than surrounding areas. Associated species © Dana Visalli include big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata), snow buckwheat (Eriogonum niveum), winterfat (Krascheninnikovia lanata), common woolly sunflower (Eriophyllum lanatum), soft brome (Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus), chaparral willowherb (Epilobium minutum), cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), and bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata). It has been found with 2 other rare WA species: Suksdorf's monkeyflower (Mimulus suksdorfii) and narrow-stem cryptantha (Cryptantha gracilis). Comments: References: Cronquist et al. 1972-94, vol. 4. © Devin Malkin Adapted from Field Guide to the Rare Plants of Washington http://www.washington.edu/uwpress/search/books/CAMFIE.html.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Wildflower Talk
Wildflower Talk These are a series of short articles written by Kristen Currin of Humble Roots Native Plant Nursery in Mosier, Oregon, featuring plants from around the Columbia Gorge. Each of these articles appeared in an issue of the Wasco County Soil and Water Conservation District’s newsletter, GROUNDWORK. I hope you enjoy them. All photos are courtesy of Kristen Currin. Please ask permission before using. www.humblerootsnursery.com Nothing in this document is to be construed as medical advice. A licensed herbalist should be consulted for proper identification and preparation before eating those plants designated as edible. Humble Roots Nursery nor the Conservation District are liable for improper consumption of plants listed in this document. INDEX Arnica, Heart-Leaf Glacier Lily Phlox, Cushion Bachelor Buttons Goldenrod Pineapple Weed Balsamroot Grass Widow Prairie Stars Bitterroot Indian Hemp Rabbitbrush (sp) Buckwheat, Arrowleaf Juniper Rabbitbrush, Gray Buckwheat, Snow Larkspur, Upland Rose, Wild California Poppy Kinnickinick Saxifrage Cattail Mariposa Lily Serviceberry Ceanothus Milkweed, Showy Shooting Star, Poet’s Chocolate Lily Miner’s Lettuce Sumac, Smooth Columbia Coreopsis Mugwort, Western Wapato Currant, Golden Native Shrubs Washington Lily Dutchman’s Breeches Nettle, Stinging Western Bunchberry Desert Parsley, Columbia Oceanspray Yellow Bee Plant Desert Parsley, Gray’s Oregon Grape Yellow Bells Elderberry, Blue Pearly Everlasting Yellow Star Thistle Gairdners Yampah Phantom Orchid 1 TOP Page Heart-leaf Arnica Arnica cordifolia Look for arnica's yellow flowers in spring. Arnica is an important native medicinal plant used topically to soothe sore muscles and sprains. A woodland plant and a good choice for the shady xeric garden. Bachelor Buttons, Cornflower Centaurea cyanus Many may think this beautiful blue flower is a native plant due to the fact that it dominates many of our meadows and is commonly sold in wildflower seed mixes.
[Show full text]
Proceedings: Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium
Restoration, Revegetation, and the Importance of Genetic and Evolutionary Perspectives Yan B. Linhart Abstract—Sound biological principles must provide the frame- 4. If you wish to restore locale A, do not collect seeds or work of revegetation projects. Propagules of native species must plants at A, grow them in a very different environment at be used, and these propagules must represent genetic material locale B (50 km away across the Continental Divide), and from sites that match the area to be revegetated as closely as pos- return the progeny, after 4 generations to locale A. Locale sible. Such matching can be best achieved by using materials B may be so different in both physical and biotic features from nearby plants growing in nature or propagated in nearby that it will create specific selective pressures that alter the nurseries. The closeness of matching will depend on the type of original gene pools from locale A. site to be revegetated. Within National Parks, whose mandate is 5. Restoration methods are often species-specific, because to maintain the ecological and genetic integrity of the biota, plants different species have different life histories. These life his- or their progeny must come from nearby sites. At other locations, tories must be taken into consideration when planning the matching may not need to be so conservative. The primary reason work. For example restoration with annual species, rhi- for this cautious approach is that plant genomes show very precise zomatous grasses, shrubs and coniferous trees all require adaptations to local conditions. Introduction of non-local materials somewhat different approaches.
[Show full text]
TAXONOMY Plant Family Species Scientific Name GENERAL
Plant Propagation Protocol for Eriogonum niveum ESRM 412 – Native Plant Production Protocol URL: https://courses.washington.edu/esrm412/protocols/ERNI2.pdf Spring 2014 North America Distribution Washington State Distribution Source: USDA PLANTS Database TAXONOMY Plant Family Scientific Name Polygonaceae Common Name Buckwheat Family Species Scientific Name Scientific Name Eriogonum niveum Douglas ex Benth. Varieties Eriogonum niveum Douglas ex. Benth. var. dichotomum (Douglas ex Benth.) M.E. Jones Eriogonum niveum Douglas ex. Benth. var. decumbens (Benth.) Torr. & A. Gray Sub-species Eriogonum niveum Douglas ex. Benth. ssp. decumbens (Benth.) S. Stokes Cultivar Common Synonym(s) Eriogonum strictum Benth. var. lachnostegium Common Name(s) Snow buckwheat, canyon heather 6 Species Code (as per USDA Plants ERNI2 database) GENERAL INFORMATION Geographical range Found mainly on the grassy plains east of the Cascade Range in southern British Columbia, west-central Idaho, northeastern Oregon, and eastern Washington.1 See maps above for distribution in North America and Washington state. Ecological distribution Found in sand to gravelly flats, slopes, bluffs, and rocky, often volcanic outcrops, mixed grassland and sagebrush communities and conifer woodlands.1 Climate and elevation range Elevation: 150-1500 m 2 Cold Hardiness Zone: 5a-7a 6 Mean Annual Precipitation: 150 – 460 mm 2 Soil: Well-drained sands to clay 2 Local habitat and abundance Common in big sage (Artemissia tridentate), antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentate), and open Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) areas. It also occurs in the canyon grasslands of the Snake and Columbia River systems.2 Found primarily in full sun but will grow in partial shade such as open Ponderosa pine hillsides.6 Tolerates extremely droughty soils and is a common occupant of dry, rocky southern exposures.6 Plant strategy type / successional Colonizer 2 stage Very successful pioneer species6 Plant characteristics Rarity: Locally Common 3 Dense perennial subshrub with erect leaves.
[Show full text]
Draft Hanford Injury Assessment Plan Appendices
Public Review Draft Hanford Natural Resource Injury Assessment Plan APPENDIX A | THE FOUR HANFORD NPL SITES On November 3, 1989, Hanford was added to the NPL as four separate sites: the 100 Area, 200 Area, 300 Area, and 1100 Area (see Exhibits B-1 through B-4, below).78 In order to coordinate response actions, each of these sites was further subdivided into operable units (OUs), based on geographic area or common waste sources. A total of 1,200 waste management units have been identified throughout the Hanford Site and are grouped among the four NPL sites (DOE 2006a). Cleanup efforts for the remaining Hanford Site contamination are organized into three major components: the River Corridor (including the 100 and 300 Areas), the Central Plateau (primarily the 200 Area), and tank waste. Cleanup of the Site is a particularly large and complex effort, dependent on many dozens of individual decision steps, stakeholder coordination, sustained funding, and the ability to address complex technical challenges. Full remediation of the NPL sites is expected to extend over the next 40 to 50 years; however, timelines are difficult to determine, due to the factors discussed above (DOE 2012). Additional summary information describing the four Hanford NPL sites and the current status of remediation efforts is provided below. More detailed information can be found at http://www.hanford.gov/. AREA 100 AREA DESCRIPTIONS The 100 Area contains the remnants of Hanford’s nine nuclear reactors, spread over six reactor sites (B/C, K, N, D, H, and F). The footprint covers about 26 sq. mi.
[Show full text]
A GUIDE to HEDGEROWS: Plantings That Enhance Biodiversity, Sustainability and Functionality
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION SERVICE Photo: Justin Smith, © Oregon State University An aerial photo taken above Forest Grove shows hedgerows bordering the urban growth boundary and used as buffers between fields. A GUIDE TO HEDGEROWS: Plantings That Enhance Biodiversity, Sustainability and Functionality P. Monnette and J. Hobbs fences “hagas” or hedges, from the word “hawthorn.” As the birds settled in the hawthorns and dropped seeds, e see them at the edges of farm fields or along more plants sprung up. Today, many farms in England roads: long rows of trees, shrubs, flowers and are surrounded by ancient hedgerows that shelter Wgrasses known as hedgerows. They are living beneficial organisms and conserve soil and water. fences with the ability to grow food, shelter wildlife, save Hedgerow plantings were uncommon in the early water, manage weeds and look beautiful all year round. United States. In the 1930s, the U.S. Department of Hedgerows are sometimes called shelter belts, Agriculture’s Shelterbelt Program briefly supported windbreaks or conservation buffers. These layers of plant planting trees for windbreaks to prevent soil erosion in the life enhance the beauty, productivity and biodiversity of Midwest. Today, as interest surges in sustainable farming a landscape. methods, more people are turning to this age-old practice. Hedgerows originated in medieval Europe and are enjoying a modern resurgence. People in England Pamela Monnette, agriculture outreach program coordinator, Lincoln planted hawthorn cuttings and allowed them to grow County, Oregon State University Extension; Jude Hobbs, executive to about 6 feet. They were bent and trained to fill gaps director, Agro-Ecology Northwest and Cascadia Permaculture, and in the trees, yielding a living fence.
[Show full text]
BLM Guidebook to the Seeds of Native and Non-Native Grasses, Forbs
Guidebook to the Seeds of Native and Non-Native Grasses, Forbs and Shrubs of the Great Basin Including portions of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Utah, Nevada and California By Scott Lambert Regional Seed Coordinator United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management Idaho State Office 2005 Idaho BLM Technical Bulletin 2005-04 1 Guidebook to the Seeds of Native and Non-Native Grasses, Forbs and Shrubs of the Great Basin Including portions of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Utah, Nevada and California. By Scott Lambert Regional Seed Coordinator United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management Idaho State Office 2005 Acknowledgement: Several people contributed to the development of this Guidebook. I am especially indebted to the review and assistance provided by Mike Pellant, Roger Rosentreter, Jack Hamby and Amber Peterson of the Bureau of Land Management; Nancy Shaw of the US Forest Service Shrub Sciences Lab; and Stephen Bunting, James Kingery, Gerald Wright of the University of Idaho, and Rod Sayler of Washington State University. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 9 KEY TO PLANT ENTRIES...................................................................................................................... 11 GRASSES NATIVE AND NON-NATIVE SPECIES IN THE GREAT BASIN ....12 LEMMON’S ALKALIGRASS.................................................................................................................
[Show full text]
SNOW BUCKWHEAT Handbook)
of the plant. (USDA Forest Service Range Plant SNOW BUCKWHEAT Handbook). Eriogonum niveum Dougl. ex Mule deer in north-central Washington are reported Benth. to make heavy use of snow buckwheat in the winter and early spring months (Burrell 1982). Bighorn plant symbol = ERNI2 sheep also make heavy use of snow buckwheat, and it decreases in response to bighorn sheep grazing Contributed By: USDA, NRCS, Pullman Plant (Wikeem and Pitt 1991). Small birds and mammals Materials Center, Pullman, Washington use the canopy for cover. Several species of bees and butterfies utilize snow buckwheat as a foodstuff, including the endangered Mormon Metalmark butterfly (Apodemia mormo) (Royal British Columbia Museum 1995). Ethnobotany: A tea brewed from the roots of snow buckwheat and a related species, Indian tobacco (E. heracleoides) were used by Native Americans as a diarrhea remedy. Boiled roots and stems were used to treat a variety of ailments including cuts, colds, and blood poisoning (Parish et al. 1996). It has been suggested that the Columbia Basin buckwheats were USDA NRCS Pullman PMC also used to develop dyes by the Native Americans Alternate Names (Sackschewsky and Downs 2001). canyon heather Status Uses This is a native species. Consult the PLANTS Web Erosion control/reclamation/landscape: Snow site and your State Department of Natural Resources buckwheat is a very successful pioneer species for this plant’s current status, such as state noxious (Tiedemann, et al 1997). It tolerates extremely status and wetland indicator values. droughty soils and is a common occupant of dry, rocky southern exposures. It is an excellent Description candidate for stabilizing skeletal soils exposed in General: Buckwheat Family (Polygonaceae).
[Show full text]
Growth and Development of Snow Buckwheat (Eriogonum Niveum) on Xeric Mine Spoils of an Abandoned Uranium Mine in Eastern Washington'
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SNOW BUCKWHEAT (ERIOGONUM NIVEUM) ON XERIC MINE SPOILS OF AN ABANDONED URANIUM MINE IN EASTERN WASHINGTON' Benjamin A. Zamora and James W. Leier' Abstract; Snow buckwheat (Eriogonum niveum) is a native of the steppe region of the northern intermountain region in the Pacific Northwest. The habitat types in which this species is abundant represent some of the most xeric environments of the region. The species is an important dietary plant to wildlife (elk, deer, and birds) and has a vigorous colonizing ability. The Soil Conservation Service Plant Materials Center at Washington State University, Pullman, WA, developed and released an accession of 'Umatilla' snow buckwheat as conservation plant material for use in rangeland rehabilitation, wildlife upland habitat improvement, and critical area stabilization. The plant is a half-shrub, growing to 7 drn under ideal conditions, but generally averaging 3-6 dm maximum canopy height with a spreading canopy of 3-9 dm. A soil amendment and mulching study on xeric mine spoil sites was started in 1991 to determine the suitability of this species for use in native plant revegetation efforts on reconfigured and resoiled mine spoils. By the end of the 1993 growing season, 87% of the original plants had survived. Composted sewage sludge amendment at rates of 13.45, 26.9, and 53.8 t/ha (overdry weight) combined with mulch covers enhanced canopy development and reproductive vigor of the plants. Seedling establishment around parent plants is most evident on treatments with no mulch and high application rates of composted sewage sludge. Mulching with woodchips substantially reduces seedling establish- ment, suggesting that site amelioration to promote stand development of this species must consider soil surface characteristics created by the treatment process.
[Show full text]
Increasing Native Forb Seed Supplies for the Great Basin
Increasing Native Forb Seed Supplies for the Great Basin Nancy L. Shaw Scott M. Lambert Ann M. DeBolt Mike Pellant Nancy L. Shaw is Research Botanist, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Boise, ID 83702; telephone: 208.373.4360; e-mail: [email protected]. Scott M. Lambert is Regional Seed Coordinator, USDI Bureau of Land Management, Boise, ID 83709; e-mail: Scott_Lambert@ blm.gov. Ann M. DeBolt is Botanist, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Boise, ID 83702; e-mail: [email protected]. Mike Pellant is Great Basin Restoration Initiative Coordinator, USDI Bureau of Land Management, Boise, ID 83709; e-mail: [email protected] In: Dumroese, R. K.; Riley, L. E.; Landis, T. D., tech. coords. 2005. National proceedings: Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations—2004; 2004 July 12–15; Charleston, NC; and 2004 July 26–29; Medford, OR. Proc. RMRS-P-35. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Abstract: Over the last 150 years, excessive grazing, annual weed invasions, increased wildfire frequency, and other human disturbances have negatively impacted native plant communities of the Great Basin. Native plant materials and appropriate planting strategies are needed to re- create diverse communities in areas requiring active restoration. Although native forbs are critical components of most plant communities, available seed supplies remain low. A cooperative research project being conducted by the USDI Bureau of Land Management Great Basin Restoration Initiative, the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, and collabo- rators includes efforts to develop 20 native forbs as revegetation species.
[Show full text]
Shrubland Ecosystem Genetics and Biodiversity
The Shrub Sciences Laboratory at 25 Years: Retrospective and Prospective E. Durant McArthur Abstract—The Shrub Sciences Laboratory celebrated its 25th anni- Brigham Young University President Dallin H. Oaks pre- versary with the symposium documented by these proceedings and sided at these functions that were cosponsored by the a ceremony honoring people instrumental in its establishment: Mr. Station, Brigham Young University, Utah Division of Wild- A. Perry Plummer represented Forest Service Research and Devel- life Resources, Utah State University, and the Utah Sec- opment and Dr. Howard C. Stutz represented Brigham Young tion of the Society for Range Management. The program University. The laboratory came into being because of the research steering committee included Howard C. Stutz, Professor, foundation in Western shrub ecosystems generated by USDA Forest Department of Botany and Range Science, Brigham Young Service researchers and their colleagues and the need to carry on University; James P. Blaisdell, Assistant Director, Inter- programmatic research in vast Western shrublands. Since estab- mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station; Cyrus M. lishment of the laboratory, dozens of scientists and professionals McKell, Professor, Department of Range Science, Utah with technical and clerical support have conducted shrubland State University; and Norman C. Hancock, Chief, Game ecosystem research and development centered on shrubland ecosys- Management, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. tem ecology and experimental range management, including winter The need for a laboratory dedicated to shrubland ecosys- livestock management on salt shrublands; seed quality testing and tem research had been evident for some time (Blaisdell production and seed and seedbed ecology and adaptation; genetic 1972).
[Show full text]
Snow Buckwheat for Rangeland Restoration in the Interior Pacific Northwest
22 RANGELANDS 19(3), June 1997 'Umatilla' snow buckwheat for rangeland restoration in the interior Pacific Northwest A.R. Tiedemann, S.M. Lambert, J.R. Carlson, C.J. Perry, N.L. Shaw, B.L. Welch, and C.H. Driver ative plants are generally con- Snow buckwheat (Eriogonum The potential of snow buckwheat for sidered the best option for plant niveum Dougl. ex. Benth.) is a native revegetation was documented by N materials to restore productivity pioneering species in big sagebrush Tiedemann and Driver (1983) and and diversity to degraded rangelands antelope bitterbrushplant communities Zamora and Leier (1993). In the study (McArthur 1988). It is difficult to find of the interior Pacific Northwest of Tiedemann and Driver (1983), snow native plants capable of becoming es- (Figure 1). Cover of snow buckwheat buckwheat established well from local- tablishedfrom seed in dense stands of was measured by Tiedemann (1983) ly collected seed that had been broad- introduced annual species such as while studying the response of bitter- cast seeded into firelines in the late cheatgrass. It has been easier to im- brush to fertilization in north central fall. By the fifth growing season, aver- port species such as crested wheat- Washington. In these big sage- age number of plants ranged from grass to restore perennial grasses on brush/bitterbrushhabitats, snow buck- 8,716 per acre at 1,378 ft elevation to degraded rangelands. Although suc- wheat cover ranged from 3 to 18% 11,656 plants per acre at 2,788 ft ele- cessful, such revegetation has not and frequency from 25 to 100%.
[Show full text]
Npspecies: Park-Species Report
NPSpecies Report: PARK-SPECIES LIST Generated: 10/2/2008 Synonyms (based on Local Classification) are denoted by italics If a Local Accepted Name and one or more of its synonyms are in the report, the synonym(s) will be indented under the Accepted Name. The records are sorted in the following order: 1. Park Code 2. Kingdom 3. Category 4. Order 5. Family 6. Local Accepted Scientific Name 7. Synonym Scientific Name ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TSNScientific Name Local Accepted Name Std. Common Name(s) Preferred Common Name(s) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- WHMI - Whitman Mission National Historic Site Animalia - Amphibian Order: Anura- Family: Hylidae 207313 Pseudacris regilla Pseudacris regilla Pacific Chorus Frog Pacific Treefrog ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of References: Vouchers: Observations: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Park Status:Present in Park Abundance:Common Residency: Breeder Nativity:Native Cultivation:NA Weedy? No Data Source: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173514 Hyla regilla Pseudacris regilla pacific tree frog ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of References:1 Vouchers: Observations: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Park Status:NA Abundance:NA Residency:
[Show full text]