Epiglottitis

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In partnership with Primary Children’s Hospital Epiglottitis Epiglottitis [ep-i-glaw-TITE-iss] is the swelling of the epiglottis [ep-i-GLAW-tiss]. The epiglottis is a tongue-like flap of tissue that covers the opening to the trachea (windpipe). Epiglottitis is dangerous because the swelling can make it difficult or impossible to breathe (see picture 1). Epiglottitis may occur any time of the year, but it often happens in winter and spring. Children of all ages and Picture 1 adults can be affected. A type of bacteria, called “Hib,” often causes this infection. However, epiglottitis has become very uncommon thanks to the Hib vaccine. In rare cases, other infections can cause epiglottitis. What are the signs of epiglottitis? Swollen epiglottis Your child may show one or more of these signs: Normal epiglottis • A fever greater • A very sore throat than 102 °F (38.9 °C) • A soft voice • Trouble breathing • Drooling • Wanting to sit up • Refusing to eat rather than lie down • Anxious or ill-appearing Picture 2 How is epiglottitis treated? Epiglottitis is treated immediately by: • Keeping your child calm and opening their airway from the mouth to the lungs. In most cases, a tube will be placed through your child’s mouth into the windpipe. This procedure is called intubation Endotracheal (see picture 2). tube in place • Admitting your child to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). • Giving your child antibiotics and other medicines to reduce swelling and fight infection. The swelling is usually gone in 12 to 72 hours. Your child will take antibiotics for 10 days, first by IV (a tiny tube inserted into the vein). Once the swelling How is epiglottitis prevented? has gone down and the breathing tube is removed, Children of certain ages should get the Hib vaccine your child can take antibiotics by mouth. Your to avoid getting epiglottitis. Ask your child’s doctor child will be moved out of the PICU to a different whether your child needs this vaccine. Family unit or will go home. Make sure your child takes members may need preventive treatment as well, all of the antibiotics prescibed to them to prevent so ask your family’s doctor. another infection. 1 Notes Intermountain Healthcare complies with applicable federal civil rights laws and does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, or sex. Se proveen servicios de interpretación gratis. Hable con un empleado para solicitarlo. 我們將根據您的需求提供免費的口譯服務。請找尋工作人員協助。 © 2017–2020 Intermountain Healthcare. All rights reserved. The content presented here is for your information only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, and it should not be used to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease. Please consult your healthcare provider if you have any questions or concerns. More health information is available at intermountainhealthcare.org. LTA183 - 04/20 Also available in Spanish. 2.

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Clinical Features of Acute Epiglottitis in Adults in the Emergency Department
대한응급의학회지 제 27 권 제 1 호 � 원저� Volume 27, Number 1, February, 2016 Eye, Ear, Nose & Oral Clinical Features of Acute Epiglottitis in Adults in the Emergency Department Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do1, Korea Kyoung Min You, M.D., Woon Yong Kwon, M.D., Gil Joon Suh, M.D., Kyung Su Kim, M.D., Jae Seong Kim, M.D.1, Min Ji Park, M.D. Purpose: Acute epiglottitis is a potentially fatal condition Key Words: Epiglottitis, Emergency medical services, Fever, that can result in airway obstruction. The aim of this study is Intratracheal Intubation to examine the clinical features of adult patients who visited the emergency department (ED) with acute epiglottitis. Methods: This retrospective observational study was con- Article Summary ducted at a single tertiary hospital ED from November 2005 What is already known in the previous study to October 2015. We searched our electronic medical While the incidence of acute epiglottitis in children has records (EMR) system for a diagnosis of “acute epiglottitis” shown a marked decrease as a result of vaccination for and selected those patients who visited the ED. Haemophilus influenzae type b, the incidence of acute Results: A total of 28 patients were included. There was no epiglottitis in adults has increased. However, in Korea, few pediatric case with acute epiglottitis during the study period. studies concerning adult patients with acute epiglottitis The mean age of the patients was 58.0±14.8 years. The who present to the emergency department (ED) have been peak incidences were in the sixth (n=7, 25.0%) and eighth reported.
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Table of Contents
viii Contents Chapter 1. Taking the Certification Examination . 1 General Suggestions for Preparing for the Exam About the Certification Exams Chapter 2. Developmental and Behavioral Sciences . 11 Mary Jo Gilmer, PhD, MBA, RN-BC, FAAN, and Paula Chiplis, PhD, RN, CPNP Psychosocial, Cognitive, and Ethical-Moral Development Behavior Modification Physical Development: Normal Growth Expectations and Developmental Milestones Family Concepts and Issues Family-Centered Care Cultural and Spiritual Diversity Chapter 3. Communication . 23 Mary Jo Gilmer, PhD, MBA, RN-BC, FAAN, and Karen Corlett, MSN, RN-BC, CPNP-AC/PC, PNP-BC Culturally Sensitive Communication Components of Therapeutic Communication Communication Barriers Modes of Communication Patient Confidentiality Written Communication in Nursing Practice Professional Communication Advocacy Chapter 4. The Nursing Process . 33 Clara J. Richardson, MSN, RN–BC Nursing Assessment Nursing Diagnosis and Treatment Chapter 5. Basic and Applied Sciences . 49 Mary Jo Gilmer, PhD, MBA, RN-BC, FAAN, and Paula Chiplis, PhD, RN, CPNP Trauma and Diseases Processes Common Genetic Disorders Common Childhood Diseases Traction Pharmacology Nutrition Chemistry Clinical Signs Associated With Isotonic Dehydration in Infants ix Chapter 6. Educational Principles and Strategies . 69 Mary Jo Gilmer, PhD, MBA, RN-BC, FAAN, and Karen Corlett, MSN, RN-BC, CPNP-AC/PC, PNP-BC Patient Education Chapter 7. Life Situations and Adaptive and Maladaptive Responses . 75 Mary Jo Gilmer, PhD, MBA, RN-BC, FAAN, and Karen Corlett, MSN, RN-BC, CPNP-AC/PC, PNP-BC Palliative Care End-of-Life Care Response to Crisis Chapter 8. Sensory Disorders . 87 Clara J. Richardson, MSN, RN–BC Developmental Characteristics of the Pediatric Sensory System Hearing Disorders Vision Disorders Conjunctivitis Otitis Media and Otitis Externa Retinoblastoma Trauma to the Eye Chapter 9.
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Risk of Acute Epiglottitis in Patients with Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus: a Population- Based Case–Control Study
RESEARCH ARTICLE Risk of acute epiglottitis in patients with preexisting diabetes mellitus: A population- based case±control study Yao-Te Tsai1,2, Ethan I. Huang1,2, Geng-He Chang1,2, Ming-Shao Tsai1,2, Cheng- Ming Hsu1,2, Yao-Hsu Yang3,4,5, Meng-Hung Lin6, Chia-Yen Liu6, Hsueh-Yu Li7* 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, 2 College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 3 Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, 4 Institute of Occupational Medicine and a1111111111 Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan, 5 School of a1111111111 Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 6 Health a1111111111 Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, 7 Department of a1111111111 Otolaryngology±Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan a1111111111 * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Citation: Tsai Y-T, Huang EI, Chang G-H, Tsai M-S, Hsu C-M, Yang Y-H, et al. (2018) Risk of acute Objective epiglottitis in patients with preexisting diabetes Studies have revealed that 3.5%±26.6% of patients with epiglottitis have comorbid diabetes mellitus: A population-based case±control study. PLoS ONE 13(6): e0199036. https://doi.org/ mellitus (DM). However, whether preexisting DM is a risk factor for acute epiglottitis remains 10.1371/journal.pone.0199036 unclear. In this study, our aim was to explore the relationship between preexisting DM and Editor: Yu Ru Kou, National Yang-Ming University, acute epiglottitis in different age and sex groups by using population-based data in Taiwan.
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Epiglottitis and Croup-Revised
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Respiratory Drug Guidelines ______
Respiratory Drug Guidelines ______________________________________________ First Edition 2008 Ministry of Health Government of Fiji Islands 2008 "This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Community and World Health Organization. The views expressed herein are those of the Fiji National Medicine & Therapeutics Committee and can therefore in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Community and the World Health Organization.” Disclaimer The authors do not warrant the accuracy of the information contained in these guidelines and do not take responsibility for any deaths, loss, damage or injury caused by using the information contained herein. Every effort had been made to ensure the information contained in these guidelines is accurate and in accordance with current evidence-based clinical practice. However, if the evidence in the medical literature is either limited or not available, the recommendations in these guidelines are based on the consensus of the members of the subcommittee. In view of the dynamic nature of medicine, users of these guidelines are advised that independent pr ofessional judgment should be exercised at all times. ii Preface The publication of the Respiratory Drug Guidelines represents the culmination of the efforts of the National Medicines and Therapeutics Committee to publish clinical drug guidelines for common diseases seen in Fiji. These guidelines are targeted for health care settings. It sets the gold standards for the use of respiratory drugs in Fiji. These guidelines have taken into account the drugs available in the Fiji Essential Medicines List (EML) in recommending treatment approaches. All recommended drug therapies are either evidence-based or universally accepted standards.
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GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDATIONSPRACA ORYGINALNA Henryk Mazurek1, 2, Anna Bręborowicz3, Zbigniew Doniec4, Andrzej Emeryk5, Katarzyna Krenke6, Marek Kulus6, Beata Zielnik-Jurkiewicz7 1Department of Pneumonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Institute of Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Diseases, Rabka-Zdrój, Poland 2State Higher Vocational School, Nowy Sącz, Poland 3Department of Pneumonology, Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznań, Poland 4Department of Pneumonology, Institute of Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Diseases, Rabka-Zdrój, Poland 5Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Children Rheumatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland 6Department of Pediatric Pneumonology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland 7Department of Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital, Warsaw, Poland Acute subglottic laryngitis. Etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical picture Abstract In about 3% of children, viral infections of the airways that develop in early childhood lead to narrowing of the laryngeal lumen in the subglottic region resulting in symptoms such as hoarseness, a barking cough, stridor, and dyspnea. These infections may eventually cause respiratory failure. The disease is often called acute subglottic laryngitis (ASL). Terms such as pseudocroup, croup syndrome, acute obstructive laryngitis and spasmodic croup are used interchangeably when referencing this disease. Although the differential diagnosis should include other rare diseases such as epiglottitis, diphtheria, fibrinous laryngitis and bacterial tracheobronchitis, the diagnosis of ASL should always be made on the basis of clinical criteria. Key words: subglottic laryngitis, croup, laryngeal obstruction, inspiratory dyspnoea, stridor Adv Respir Med. 2019; 87: 308–316 Definition and nomenclature have in common is laryngitis. However, some of them also indicate the location of the lesions In approximately 3% of children [1, 2], or their pathological background (e.g.
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Introduction to Respiratory Diseases
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Epiglottitis in the Adult Patient
rEViEW Epiglottitis in the adult patient R.B. Mathoera1, P.C. Wever2, F.R.C. van Dorsten3, S.G.T. Balter4, C.P.C. de Jager1* Departments of 1Intensive Care Medicine, 3Anaesthesiology and 4Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 2Regional Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, PO Box 90153, 5200 ME ’s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands, *corresponding author: tel.: +31 (0)73-699 24 47, fax: +31 (0)73-699 26 82, e-mail: [email protected] AbsTract Epiglottitis is an acute disease, which was predominantly Programme since 1993. Most children have been caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b in the vaccinated. The reduced incidence among children leads pre-vaccination era. in the vaccination era, with waning to the general impression that epiglottitis is becoming less vigilance, adults remain at risk for acute epiglottitis frequent, resulting in waning vigilance. Despite the general according to recent dutch incidence rates. There is more immunisation, adults remain at risk. Epiglottitis in adults diversity in the cause of epiglottitis in adults. We describe has many causes, and vigilance and familiarity with the three patients who presented to the emergency ward of clinical presentation is required for swift recognition and a regional teaching hospital with severe epiglottitis. All treatment. We describe three adult patients with stridor three patients had stridor at presentation indicating a based upon acute epiglottitis to illustrate the possible compromised airway. Emergency intubation was attempted, severity of the clinical presentation, current treatment and but two patients required a tracheotomy and one patient outcome. died. Patients received fibreoptic nasal intubation, systemic dexamethasone and antibiotics.
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Title: Interstitial and Granulomatous Lung Disease in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients
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