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Home , Definition of terrorism, State terrorism, Terrorism

DEFINITION OF BY COUNTRY IN OECD COUNTRIES

There have been some definitional differences in the use

of the terms ‘terrorism’ and ‘act of terrorism’ between

OECD countries. It is for this reason that a comparison is

necessary to clarify the scope of the operation of the

terrorism risk programmes.

The OECD International on Terrorism Risk Insurance shares information and identifies good practices for the financial management of terrorism risk, to contribute to fast economic recovery in the event of attacks.

This comparative table is regularly updated. It is the product of joint work between national schemes, the OECD and the World Forum of Catastrophe Programmes.

www.oecd.org/daf/fin/insurance/terrorism-risk-insurance.htm

DEFINITION OF TERRORISM BY COUNTRY IN OECD COUNTRIES Status of definition of of terrorist act Identification of those Means used Targets/effects terrorism behind the act Contained in s 5 Terrorism Insurance Action done or threat made, with the Not specified An act (or threat of an act), that is not advocacy, An action that causes serious harm to a Act 2003 intention of advancing a political, religious , dissent or industrial action, that causes person, serious damage to property,

or ideological cause, with the intention of specified damage. causes death or endangers life or creates a Act of terrorism has to be certified by coercing or influencing by intimidation the serious health or safety risk, or seriously the Commonwealth Treasurer, after government of Australia or the Australian interferes with, or disrupts or destroys an consultation with the Commonwealth States or Territories, or a foreign country, or electronic system. Australia Attorney-General. intimidating the public.

Industry definition To influence the government or put the Terrorist organisations or Act or threat of Human life, tangible or intangible property public or any section of the public in . individuals or infrastructure

NB: Standard policy conditions for property and loss insurance excludes inter alia damages incurred as a consequence of acts

Austria of violence committed by (political or) terrorist organisation (not defined). Such damage can only be covered through a special agreement. Article L421-1 of the Criminal Code Seriously and intentionally disrupt law and Individual or joint undertaking Intimidation or (no distinction between the notions order. List of offences: of “attack” and “terrorist act”) 1. Deliberate on people’s lives, deliberate attacks on people’s wellbeing, abduction and , as well as the hijacking of aircraft, ships and any other means of transport;

2. , , destruction and damage, as well as computer-related ; 3. Offences relating to combat groups and movements that have been disbanded; 4. The manufacture or possession of arms, lethal and , as defined in Article 3 of the Act of 19 June 1871 repealing the Act of 4 September 1870 on the manufacture of weapons of ;

The production, sale, import or export of substances, as defined in Article 6 of Act No. 70-575 of 3 July 1970, amending the regulations applying to explosive powders and substances. under Acts committed for political, religious, Persons or groups of persons The insurer shall indemnify, if this has EXTREMUS AG ethnic or ideological purposes suitable to been specially agreed, in respect of insured create fear in the population or any section property which is destroyed, damaged or of the population and thus to influence a lost due to: government or public body. a) fire, explosion, b) impact or crash of aircraft or aerial bodies and vehicles, also craft, of all kinds,

their parts or their , c) Other malicious damage, insofar as the mentioned perils are caused by an act of terrorism committed in the Federal Republic of Germany. DEFINITION OF TERRORISM BY COUNTRY IN OECD COUNTRIES Status of definition of Intention of terrorist act Identification of those Means used Targets/effects terrorism behind the act Definition used for the operation of Attacks or series of attacks likely to have Whether or not in any Any violent act and/or conduct – committed outside Acts against persons and property of any the Terrorism Risk Reinsurance been planned or carried out with a view to organizational context the scope of one of the six forms of acts of war as nature.

Company serve certain political and/or religious referred to in Article 64(2) of the Insurance Business and/or ideological purposes. Supervision Act [1993 wet toericht verzekeringsbedrijf] – in the form of an attack or a series of attacks connected together in time and intention, as a result whereof injury and/or Netherlands impairment of health, whether resulting in death or not, and/or loss of or damage to property arises or any economic interest is otherwise impaired. Definition of the risks covered by the Every act committed with the object of Not specified Act of violence People and goods Consortium (no prior government destabilizing the established political order statement is needed in order to or generating fear and insecurity in the compensate for damage under this social environment in which they are

heading) perpetrated Specific case of terrorism Disrupt the Constitution or seriously Members of armed factions or Acts of destruction or fires started deliberately Not specified Criminal Code definition of terrorism undermine law and order people working for or in (Section 2, Art. 571) co-operation with armed factions, organizations or groups whose aim is to disrupt the Constitution or seriously undermine law and order In pursuit of political, religious, ethnic, Act or threat of violence. The definition shall not ideological or similar purpose which may include civil unrest (act of violence against persons result in putting the public or any section of or property committed in the course of unlawful

the public in fear or influencing any assembly, riot or civil commotion or associated

d Switzerlan government or governmental organization looting) Reinsurance (Acts of Terrorism) Act Acts of persons acting on behalf of, or in connection with, any organization which Act of violence Commercial property and consequent 1993 (for Pool Re arrangements in carries out activities directed towards the overthrowing or influencing, by force or business interruption costs arising from an – other arrangements violence, of her Majesty’s government in the or any other act of terrorism apply in Northern Ireland). government de jure or de facto.

The issue of a certificate by the UK Treasury (or, if refused, by a decision of a Tribunal) is required for an act to be recognized as a “terrorist act” for United Kingdom United the purpose of the scheme, under the Reinsurance (Acts of Terrorism) Act 1993. Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002 Part of an effort to coerce the It must be committed as part of an Violent act or dangerous act Endanger human life, property or – Public Law 107-297 population of the , or to effort to coerce U.S. or to infrastructure that results in damages An act of terrorism is an act certified influence policy or affect the conduct of the influence either policy or conduct within the United States, or outside the US by the Secretary of the Treasury in US by coercion of the U.S. Government through in the case of an attack of an air carrier or concurrence with the Secretary of coercion vessel, or premises of a US mission State and the Attorney General of the United States United United States.