Anatomical Considerations of the Endonasal Transsphenoidal
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The Normal Dimensions of the Sella Turcica in North Karnataka Region- a Computed Tomographic Study Lohit V Shaha*, Babasaheb G Patil**, Sanjeev I Kolagi***
Original Article Pravara Med Rev 2018;10(3) The normal dimensions of the Sella Turcica in North Karnataka region- A Computed tomographic study Lohit V Shaha*, Babasaheb G Patil**, Sanjeev I Kolagi*** Abstract Aim of the study: Sella turcica is an important structure in middle cranial fossa. It is a saddle shaped concavity in the body of sphenoid bone. It is bounded by dura of cavernous sinuses bilaterally, the lamina dura and dorsum sellae posteriorly and the tuberculum sellae and planum sphenoidale anteriorly. The present study was undertaken to study the normal dimensions of sella turcica morphometry. Material and methods: This observational study was conducted in S Nijalingappa medical college and HSK hospital, Bagalkot. 1650 computed tomographic images of healthy Indians aged 21-70 years were collected. Radiant Dicom viewer software was used to determine the linear dimensions of sella turcica. Data was analysed using t test and ANOVA with Epi Info software. Results: The mean values (in millimeter) of length, width and height of sella turcica in different age groups was 8.80 ± 1.65, 10.83 ± 1.35 and 8.52 ± 1.50. Conclusion: The dimensions of sella turcica vary in different populations and these findings could form an initial database for Indian population which may provide a good anatomical knowledge during objective evaluation and detection of pathological conditions of sella turcica and hypophysis cerebri. Key words: Sphenoid bone, Linear dimensions, Hypophysis cerebri Introduction Sella turcica is an important structure in middle cranial fossa. It is safe treatment of various pituitary disorders such as a saddle shaped concavity in the body of sphenoid bone. -
Gross Anatomy Assignment Name: Olorunfemi Peace Toluwalase Matric No: 17/Mhs01/257 Dept: Mbbs Course: Gross Anatomy of Head and Neck
GROSS ANATOMY ASSIGNMENT NAME: OLORUNFEMI PEACE TOLUWALASE MATRIC NO: 17/MHS01/257 DEPT: MBBS COURSE: GROSS ANATOMY OF HEAD AND NECK QUESTION 1 Write an essay on the carvernous sinus. The cavernous sinuses are one of several drainage pathways for the brain that sits in the middle. In addition to receiving venous drainage from the brain, it also receives tributaries from parts of the face. STRUCTURE ➢ The cavernous sinuses are 1 cm wide cavities that extend a distance of 2 cm from the most posterior aspect of the orbit to the petrous part of the temporal bone. ➢ They are bilaterally paired collections of venous plexuses that sit on either side of the sphenoid bone. ➢ Although they are not truly trabeculated cavities like the corpora cavernosa of the penis, the numerous plexuses, however, give the cavities their characteristic sponge-like appearance. ➢ The cavernous sinus is roofed by an inner layer of dura matter that continues with the diaphragma sellae that covers the superior part of the pituitary gland. The roof of the sinus also has several other attachments. ➢ Anteriorly, it attaches to the anterior and middle clinoid processes, posteriorly it attaches to the tentorium (at its attachment to the posterior clinoid process). Part of the periosteum of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone forms the floor of the sinus. ➢ The body of the sphenoid acts as the medial wall of the sinus while the lateral wall is formed from the visceral part of the dura mater. CONTENTS The cavernous sinus contains the internal carotid artery and several cranial nerves. Abducens nerve (CN VI) traverses the sinus lateral to the internal carotid artery. -
Morfofunctional Structure of the Skull
N.L. Svintsytska V.H. Hryn Morfofunctional structure of the skull Study guide Poltava 2016 Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine Public Institution «Central Methodological Office for Higher Medical Education of MPH of Ukraine» Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukranian Medical Stomatological Academy» N.L. Svintsytska, V.H. Hryn Morfofunctional structure of the skull Study guide Poltava 2016 2 LBC 28.706 UDC 611.714/716 S 24 «Recommended by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine as textbook for English- speaking students of higher educational institutions of the MPH of Ukraine» (minutes of the meeting of the Commission for the organization of training and methodical literature for the persons enrolled in higher medical (pharmaceutical) educational establishments of postgraduate education MPH of Ukraine, from 02.06.2016 №2). Letter of the MPH of Ukraine of 11.07.2016 № 08.01-30/17321 Composed by: N.L. Svintsytska, Associate Professor at the Department of Human Anatomy of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy», PhD in Medicine, Associate Professor V.H. Hryn, Associate Professor at the Department of Human Anatomy of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy», PhD in Medicine, Associate Professor This textbook is intended for undergraduate, postgraduate students and continuing education of health care professionals in a variety of clinical disciplines (medicine, pediatrics, dentistry) as it includes the basic concepts of human anatomy of the skull in adults and newborns. Rewiewed by: O.M. Slobodian, Head of the Department of Anatomy, Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Bukovinian State Medical University», Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor M.V. -
Effects of Morphological Changes in Sella Turcica: a Review
European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine ISSN 2515-8260 Volume 07, Issue 03, 2020 1662 EFFECTS OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN SELLA TURCICA: A REVIEW Chandrakala B1, Govindarajan Sumathy2, Bhaskaran Sathyapriya*, Pavishwarya P3, Sweta Jain3 1. Senior Lecturer, Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai. 2. Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai. 3. Graduate student, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research *Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai. Corresponding author: Dr. Bhaskaran Sathyapriya Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai. ABSTRACT Sella turcica is a saddle shaped bony structure present on the sphenoid bone. The pituitary gland is seated at the inferior aspect of the sella turcica, called hypophyseal fossa. Sella turcica serves as a cephalometric landmark, that being said any morphological changes can affect the overall craniometry of the individual as well as alter the function of the structures it lodges. The following review emphasis on the possible morphological changes of sella turcica and its effects on the individual. Keywords: Pituitary gland, morphology, bridge, foramen, bone. 1662 European Journal of Molecular -
NASAL CAVITY and PARANASAL SINUSES, PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA, and ORAL CAVITY (Grant's Dissector [16Th Ed.] Pp
NASAL CAVITY AND PARANASAL SINUSES, PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA, AND ORAL CAVITY (Grant's Dissector [16th Ed.] pp. 290-294, 300-303) TODAY’S GOALS (Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses): 1. Identify the boundaries of the nasal cavity 2. Identify the 3 principal structural components of the nasal septum 3. Identify the conchae, meatuses, and openings of the paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal duct 4. Identify the openings of the auditory tube and sphenopalatine foramen and the nerve and blood supply to the nasal cavity, palatine tonsil, and soft palate 5. Identify the pterygopalatine fossa, the location of the pterygopalatine ganglion, and understand the distribution of terminal branches of the maxillary artery and nerve to their target areas DISSECTION NOTES: General comments: The nasal cavity is divided into right and left cavities by the nasal septum. The nostril or naris is the entrance to each nasal cavity and each nasal cavity communicates posteriorly with the nasopharynx through a choana or posterior nasal aperture. The roof of the nasal cavity is narrow and is represented by the nasal bone, cribriform plate of the ethmoid, and a portion of the sphenoid. The floor is the hard palate (consisting of the palatine processes of the maxilla and the horizontal portion of the palatine bone). The medial wall is represented by the nasal septum (Dissector p. 292, Fig. 7.69) and the lateral wall consists of the maxilla, lacrimal bone, portions of the ethmoid bone, the inferior nasal concha, and the perpendicular plate of the palatine bone (Dissector p. 291, Fig. 7.67). The conchae, or turbinates, are recognized as “scroll-like” extensions from the lateral wall and increase the surface area over which air travels through the nasal cavity (Dissector p. -
Planum Sphenoidale and Tuberculum Sellae Meningiomas: Operative
Original Article Planum Sphenoidale and Tuberculum Sellae Meningiomas: Operative Nuances of a Modern Surgical Technique with Outcome and Proposal of a New Classification System Martin M. Mortazavi1, Harley Brito da Silva1, Manuel Ferreira Jr1, Jason K. Barber1, James S. Pridgeon1, Laligam N. Sekhar1,2 - BACKGROUND: The resection of planum sphenoidale common presenting symptom was visual disturbance and tuberculum sellae meningiomas is challenging. A (77%). Vision improved in 90% of those who presented with universally accepted classification system predicting sur- visual decline, and there was no permanent visual deteri- gical risk and outcome is still lacking. oration. Cerebrospinal fluid leak occurred in one of the 25 cranial cases (4%) and in 1 of 2 transphenoidal cases - OBJECTIVES: We report a modern surgical technique (50%), and in both cases it resolved with treatment. There specific for planum sphenoidale and tuberculum sellae was no surgical mortality. meningiomas with associated outcome. A new classifica- tion system that can guide the surgical approach and may - CONCLUSION: An orbitotomy and early decompression predict surgical risk is proposed. of the involved optic canal are important for achieving gross total resection, maximizing visual improvement, and - METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of the avoiding recurrence. The visual outcomes were excellent. patients who between 2005 and March 2015 underwent a A new classification system that can allow the comparison craniotomy or endoscopic surgery for the resection of of different series and approaches and indicate cases that meningiomas involving the suprasellar region. Operative are more suitable for an endoscopic transsphenoidal nuances of a modified frontotemporal craniotomy and approach is presented. -
Splanchnocranium
splanchnocranium - Consists of part of skull that is derived from branchial arches - The facial bones are the bones of the anterior and lower human skull Bones Ethmoid bone Inferior nasal concha Lacrimal bone Maxilla Nasal bone Palatine bone Vomer Zygomatic bone Mandible Ethmoid bone The ethmoid is a single bone, which makes a significant contribution to the middle third of the face. It is located between the lateral wall of the nose and the medial wall of the orbit and forms parts of the nasal septum, roof and lateral wall of the nose, and a considerable part of the medial wall of the orbital cavity. In addition, the ethmoid makes a small contribution to the floor of the anterior cranial fossa. The ethmoid bone can be divided into four parts, the perpendicular plate, the cribriform plate and two ethmoidal labyrinths. Important landmarks include: • Perpendicular plate • Cribriform plate • Crista galli. • Ala. • Ethmoid labyrinths • Medial (nasal) surface. • Orbital plate. • Superior nasal concha. • Middle nasal concha. • Anterior ethmoidal air cells. • Middle ethmoidal air cells. • Posterior ethmoidal air cells. Attachments The falx cerebri (slide) attaches to the posterior border of the crista galli. lamina cribrosa 1 crista galli 2 lamina perpendicularis 3 labyrinthi ethmoidales 4 cellulae ethmoidales anteriores et posteriores 5 lamina orbitalis 6 concha nasalis media 7 processus uncinatus 8 Inferior nasal concha Each inferior nasal concha consists of a curved plate of bone attached to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. Each consists of inferior and superior borders, medial and lateral surfaces, and anterior and posterior ends. The superior border serves to attach the bone to the lateral wall of the nose, articulating with four different bones. -
Estimation of Nasal Cavity and Conchae Volumes by Stereological Method
Folia Morphol. Vol. 71, No. 2, pp. 105–108 Copyright © 2012 Via Medica O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E ISSN 0015–5659 www.fm.viamedica.pl Estimation of nasal cavity and conchae volumes by stereological method M. Emirzeoglu1, B. Sahin1, M. Celebi2, A. Uzun1, S. Bilgic1, H.O. Tontus3 1Anatomy Department, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey 2ENT Department, Mehmet Aydin Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey 3Medical Education Department, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey [Received 16 February 2012; Accepted 23 February 2012] Background: Studies evaluating the mean volumes of nasal cavity and concha are very rare. Since there is little date on the mentioned topic, we aimed to carry out the presented study to obtain a volumetric index showing the relation between the nasal cavity and concha. Material and methods: The volumes of the nasal cavity and concha were measured in 30 males and 30 females (18–40 years old) on computed tomo- graphy images using stereological methods. Results: The mean volumes of nasal cavity, concha nasalis media, and concha nasalis inferior were 5.95 ± 0.10 cm3, 0.56 ± 0.22 cm3, and 1.45 ± 0.68 cm3; 7.01 ± 0.18 cm3, 0.67 ± 0.31 cm3 and 1.59 ± 0.98 cm3 in females and males, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the volume of the nasal cavity and concha nasalis media (p < 0.05) between males and females, except for concha nasalis inferior (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our results could provide volumetric indexes for the nasal cavity and concha, which could help the physician to manage surgical procedures related to the nasal cavity and concha. -
Axial Skeleton 214 7.7 Development of the Axial Skeleton 214
SKELETAL SYSTEM OUTLINE 7.1 Skull 175 7.1a Views of the Skull and Landmark Features 176 7.1b Sutures 183 7.1c Bones of the Cranium 185 7 7.1d Bones of the Face 194 7.1e Nasal Complex 198 7.1f Paranasal Sinuses 199 7.1g Orbital Complex 200 Axial 7.1h Bones Associated with the Skull 201 7.2 Sex Differences in the Skull 201 7.3 Aging of the Skull 201 Skeleton 7.4 Vertebral Column 204 7.4a Divisions of the Vertebral Column 204 7.4b Spinal Curvatures 205 7.4c Vertebral Anatomy 206 7.5 Thoracic Cage 212 7.5a Sternum 213 7.5b Ribs 213 7.6 Aging of the Axial Skeleton 214 7.7 Development of the Axial Skeleton 214 MODULE 5: SKELETAL SYSTEM mck78097_ch07_173-219.indd 173 2/14/11 4:58 PM 174 Chapter Seven Axial Skeleton he bones of the skeleton form an internal framework to support The skeletal system is divided into two parts: the axial skele- T soft tissues, protect vital organs, bear the body’s weight, and ton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton is composed help us move. Without a bony skeleton, we would collapse into a of the bones along the central axis of the body, which we com- formless mass. Typically, there are 206 bones in an adult skeleton, monly divide into three regions—the skull, the vertebral column, although this number varies in some individuals. A larger number of and the thoracic cage (figure 7.1). The appendicular skeleton bones appear to be present at birth, but the total number decreases consists of the bones of the appendages (upper and lower limbs), with growth and maturity as some separate bones fuse. -
Meningiomas Involving the Optic Canal: Pattern of Involvement and Implications for Surgical Technique
Neurosurg Focus 30 (5):E12, 2011 Meningiomas involving the optic canal: pattern of involvement and implications for surgical technique AHMED NAGEEB M. TAHA, M.D.,1 KADIR ERKMEN, M.D.,3 Ian F. DUnn, M.D.,2 SVETLana PRAVDEnkOVA, M.D., PH.D.,4 anD OssaMA AL-MEftY, M.D.2 1Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura-Dakhlia, Egypt; 2Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; 3Section of Neurosurgery, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and 4Arkansas Neuroscience Institute, St. Vincent Infirmary Medical Center, Little Rock, Arkansas Object. Juxtasellar meningiomas frequently extend into the optic canal. Removing these meningiomas from the optic canal is crucial for favorable visual outcome. Methods. The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 45 patients with anterior and middle fossa menin- giomas with involvement of the optic pathway in whom surgery was performed by the senior author (O.A.M.) during the period from 1993 to 2007. Extent of resection and recurrence rates were determined by pre- and postoperative MR imaging studies. Visual outcomes were evaluated with full ophthalmological examinations performed before and after surgery. Results. Forty-five patients (31 women and 14 men) were involved in this study; their mean age was 51.6 years. Patients were followed for a mean of 29.8 months (range 6–108 months). No surgery-related death occurred. The average tumor size was 3.1 cm. Total resection of the tumor (Simpson Grade I) was achieved in 32 patients (71.1%). Gross-total resection (Simpson Grades II and III) was achieved in 13 patients (28.9%). Only 1 patient harboring a left cavernous sinus meningioma had tumor recurrence and underwent repeat resection. -
A Case of Tuberculum Sellae Meningioma with “Beak of Kiwi Bird” Enhancement in MRI: Surgical Resection and Nursing Care
Case Report A case of tuberculum sellae meningioma with “beak of Kiwi bird” enhancement in MRI: surgical resection and nursing care Qing Zhang1*, Hailiang Tang2*, Rong Xu2, Ye Gong2, Ping Zhong2 1Department of Nursing, 2Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China *These authors contributed equally to this work. Correspondence to: Rong Xu. No.12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China. Email: [email protected]. Abstract: Here, we reported a case of tuberculum sellae meningioma with “beak of Kiwi bird” enhancement in contrast MRI at our department. The female patient was 32-year-old, suffering from progressive loss of vision for about 6 months. Head CT & MRI scan identified an intracranial meningioma located on tuberculum sellae, with obvious “beak of Kiwi bird” enhancement in contrast MRI. Trans-anterior skull base approach was applied to perform the operation after patient consent. The meningioma was completely resected by Sympson grade II. The patient recovered well without complication after post-operation nursing case. Histological findings revealed meningothelial meningioma with EMA (+), Vimentin (+) and PR (+). Keywords: Tuberculum sellae meningioma; beak of Kiwi bird; nursing care Submitted Dec 10, 2015. Accepted for publication Jan 18, 2016. doi: 10.21037/tcr.2016.03.06 View this article at: http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tcr.2016.03.06 Introduction in contrast MRI at our department from clinical and radiological image characters, surgical and neuropathological Intracranial meningiomas are common brain tumors features, which was rarely reported in literature. derived from arachnoidal cells and account for about 30% of all primary brain tumors (1). Most meningiomas are histologically classified as benign brain tumors (WHO Case presentation grade I), however, about 10% meningiomas belong to A 32-year-old female patient suffered from progressive atypical (WHO grade II) or anaplastic (WHO grade III) subtypes (2-4). -
Imaging of Chronic and Exotic Sinonasal Disease: Review Arash K
AJR Integrative Imaging LIFELONG LEARNING FOR RADIOLOGY Imaging of Chronic and Exotic Sinonasal Disease: Review Arash K. Momeni1, Catherine C. Roberts2, and Felix S. Chew3 Objective This review focuses on the anatomy, pathophysiology, mi- Chronic sinusitis is one of the most commonly diagnosed crobiology, and diagnosis of sinonasal disease, including illnesses in the United States. The educational objectives of chronic and fungal sinusitis, juvenile nasopharyngeal angio- this review article are for the participant to exercise, self- fibroma, inverted papilloma, and chondrosarcoma. assess, and improve his or her understanding of the imaging evaluation of sinonasal disease. Anatomy and Pathophysiology Understanding the normal anatomy and physiology of Conclusion the paranasal sinuses is important to understanding the This article describes the anatomy, pathophysiology, mi- pathogenesis of sinus disease. There are four pairs of sinuses crobiology, and diagnosis of sinonasal disease, including named for the bones of the skull they pneumatize. They are chronic and fungal sinusitis, juvenile nasopharyngeal angio- the maxillary, ethmoid, frontal, and sphenoid sinus air cells fibroma, inverted papilloma, and chondrosarcoma. and they are lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium- bearing cilia. The mucosa contains goblet cells that secrete Introduction mucus, which aids in trapping inhaled particles and debris. Chronic sinusitis is one of the most commonly diagnosed The maxillary antrum consists of a roof, floor, and three illnesses in the United States. It is estimated to affect more walls: the medial, anterior, and posterolateral. The roof and than 30 million individuals and is increasing in incidence [1]. medial walls are shared with the orbit and nasal cavity, forming The number of office visits and the annual expenditures on the orbital floor and lateral wall of the nose, respectively [3].