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' ' ., ,�- NONIMPORTATION AND THE SEARCH FOR ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE IN VIRGINIA, 1765-1775 BRUCE ALLAN RAGSDALE Charlottesville, Virginia B.A., University of Virginia, 1974 M.A., University of Virginia, 1980 A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Corcoran Department of History University of Virginia May 1985 © Copyright by Bruce Allan Ragsdale All Rights Reserved May 1985 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction: 1 Chapter 1: Trade and Economic Development in Virginia, 1730-1775 13 Chapter 2: The Dilemma of the Great Planters 55 Chapter 3: An Imperial Crisis and the Origins of Commercial Resistance in Virginia 84 Chapter 4: The Nonimportation Association of 1769 and 1770 117 Chapter 5: The Slave Trade and Economic Reform 180 Chapter 6: Commercial Development and the Credit Crisis of 1772 218 Chapter 7: The Revival Of Commercial Resistance 275 Chapter 8: The Continental Association in Virginia 340 Bibliography: 397 Key to Abbreviations used in Endnotes WMQ William and Mary Quarterly VMHB Virginia Magazine of History and Biography Hening William Waller Hening, ed., The Statutes at Large; Being� Collection of all the Laws Qf Virginia, from the First Session of the Legislature in the year 1619, 13 vols. Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia Rev. Va. Revolutionary Virginia: The Road to Independence, 7 vols. LC Library of Congress PRO Public Record Office, London co Colonial Office UVA Manuscripts Department, Alderman Library, University of Virginia VHS Virginia Historical Society VSL Virginia State Library Introduction Three times in the decade before the Revolution. Vir ginians organized nonimportation associations as a protest against specific legislation from the British Parliament. -
State Officials
JOURNAL OF THE SENATE -1- APPENDIX STATE OFFICIALS EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT GOVERNOR. James S. Gilmore III LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR. John H. Hager ATTORNEY GENERAL . .Mark L. Earley CHIEF OF STAFF. .M. Boyd Marcus, Jr. ADMINISTRATION, SECRETARY OF . G. Bryan Slater COMMERCE AND TRADE, SECRETARY OF . Barry E. DuVal COMMONWEALTH, SECRETARY OF . Anne P. Petera COUNSELOR TO THE GOVERNOR. Walter S. Felton, Jr. EDUCATION, SECRETARY OF . Wilbert Bryant FINANCE, SECRETARY OF. .Ronald L. Tillett HEALTH AND HUMAN RESOURCES, SECRETARY OF. Claude A. Allen NATURAL RESOURCES, SECRETARY OF . John Paul Woodley, Jr. PUBLIC SAFETY, SECRETARY OF . Gary K. Aronhalt TECHNOLOGY, SECRETARY OF . .Donald W. Upson TRANSPORTATION, SECRETARY OF . Shirley J. Ybarra LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT SENATE PRESIDENT . John H. Hager PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE. John H. Chichester CLERK . Susan Clarke Schaar HOUSE OF DELEGATES SPEAKER. .S. Vance Wilkins, Jr. CLERK . .Bruce F. Jamerson AUDITOR OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTS . Walter J. Kucharski JOINT LEGISLATIVE AUDIT REVIEW COMMISSION, DIRECTOR. Philip A. Leone LEGISLATIVE AUTOMATED SYSTEMS, DIVISION OF, DIRECTOR . William E. Wilson LEGISLATIVE SERVICES, DIVISION OF, DIRECTOR. E. M. Miller, Jr. JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT SUPREME COURT OF VIRGINIA CHIEF JUSTICE. Harry L. Carrico ASSOCIATE JUSTICE. .Elizabeth B. Lacy ASSOCIATE JUSTICE. Leroy Rountree Hassell, Sr. ASSOCIATE JUSTICE. Barbara Milano Keenan ASSOCIATE JUSTICE. .Lawrence L. Koontz, Jr. ASSOCIATE JUSTICE. Cynthia D. Kinser ASSOCIATE JUSTICE. .Donald W. Lemons COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA CHIEF JUDGE . .Johanna L. Fitzpatrick JUDGE . James W. Benton, Jr. JUDGE . .Sam W. Coleman III JUDGE . Jere M. H. Willis, Jr. JUDGE . Larry G. Elder JUDGE . Richard S. Bray JUDGE . .Rosemarie Annunziata JUDGE . .Rudolph Bumgardner, III JUDGE . Robert P. Frank JUDGE . Robert J. -
CHAPTER 3 Networks on the Ground
CHAPTER 3 Networks on the Ground “There’s only one way to hold a district: you must study human nature and act accordin’. You can’t study human nature in books. Books is a hindrance more than anything else. If you have been to college, so much the worse for you. You’ll have to unlearn all you learned before you can get right down to human nature, and unlearnin’ takes a lot of time. Some men can never forget what they learned at college...To learn real human nature you have to go among the people, see them and be seen.” – George W. Plunkitt1 3.1 Parties on the Ground If one accepts this more di↵use definition of political parties, we should forgive an initial sense of pessimism or despondency toward our ability to study their behavior in a systematic fashion. The diversity of potential actors – from party organizations, to activist networks; from interest groups, to old-fashioned machines – multiplies both the potential environments and potential resources available for electoral intervention. And worse yet, the actions of these extended party networks are often purposefully kept from the public eye. The choice to recruit candidates for office, pressure others out of a contest, or expend resources in support of particular campaigns are at best highly sensitive decisions and at worst skirt the borders of legality.2 Moreover, the individual state primary and nomination contests are scattered over 1Riordan, William. 1905. Plunkitt of Tammany Hall. The Project Gutenberg. 2For example, the same union officials central to the coming example in Pennsylvania’s 13th district are currently under a FBI investigation covering “virtually every aspect of the union’s operations, as well as [the union leader’s] personal finances” (Phillips and Fazlollah 2017). -
October 2015 E-Newsletter in This Issue Postponements Let's Visit James Monroe!
VISITING EXHIBITS & PROGRAMS NEWS RENTALS GIVING ABOUT THE MUSEUM COLLECTIONS October 2015 E-Newsletter In This Issue Postponements Let's Visit James Monroe! Bowley Projects Postponements What's In Store? Our two events for the weekend of October 2-4 Upcoming Events have been postponed due to weather concerns: Quick Links Our website History Trivia Night - We are planning to shift our final First Friday History Trivia Newsletter Night of 2015 to the first Friday in November (the 6th). The Archive location is TBD. Keep an eye out for future updates. Become a "Music for Mr. Monroe" - A Concert of Colonial Friend of JMM! Music - Our concert featuring David and Ginger Hildebrand of The Find us on Colonial Music Institute has been rescheduled for Sunday, Social Media: December 6th, at 2:00 pm in Monroe Hall room 116. Let's Visit James Monroe! Don't miss next month's newsletter where we will announce a release date for the James Monroe Museum's new children's book, Let's Visit James Monroe! We look forward to sharing the life and legacy of James Monroe with generations of readers to come, through this lively story of history coming to life during a Upcoming family's visit to the Museum. Events Keep an eye out for details on the book release party featuring Fri., November 6: author and illustrator Julia Livi! First Friday History Trivia Spotlight: Bowley Scholar Projects Night with Quizmaster Gaye Adegbalola. The Bowley Scholars are undertaking Trivia, cash bar, several exciting projects this month. In light refreshments, addition to inventory and archive & 50/50 raffle. -
A Survey of 804 Likely Voters - Virginia Statewide - September, 2013
Center for Public Policy : Polls Where policy matters. A Survey of 804 Likely Voters - Virginia Statewide - September, 2013 Question 1 Are you 18 years or older and registered to vote in state of Virginia? 100% - Yes Question 2 On November 5th of this year, there will be a general election for Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General and other offices. What are the chances of your voting in the November 5th General Election? Are you almost certain to vote or will you probably vote or in the November 5th general election? 100% - Yes Respondent's Gender Male: 47.0 % Female: 53.0 % Female Male Question 4 To begin with, do you think things in Virginia are generally going in the right direction or are they pretty seriously off on the wrong track? Don't know/Not Sure: 17.0 % Right Direction: 50.0 % Wrong Track: 33.0 % Right Direction Wrong Track Don't know/Not Sure Question 5 And how about the region you live in? Do you think things in your region are generally going in the right direction or are they pretty seriously off on the wrong track? Don't know/Not Sure: 9.0 % Wrong Track: 29.0 % Right Direction: 62.0 % Right Direction Wrong Track Don't know/Not Sure Question 6 Now I am going to read you a list of issues. Please tell me which one of these issues should be the top priority of the next Governor, no matter who it is. Don't know/Not Sure: 3.0 % Eliminating corruption in government: 7.0 % Reducing the flow of drugs in our neighborhoods: 1.0 % Improving public education: 24.0 % Healthcare/Obamacare: 10.0 % Government spending: 2.0 % Reducing taxes: 4.0 % Fixing the roads: 2.0 % Reducing crime and making the streets safer: 3.0 % Improving traffic flow and lessening congestion: 5.0 % Providing more affordable housing: 2.0 % Working to improve the economy and create jobs: 37.0 % Questions 7-15 Now here is a list of people. -
Latest Poll Shows Gubernatorial Race Is Now a Dead Heat: 44-44 Here Are
Vol. 42, No 8 www.arlingtondemocrats.org August 2017 Latest poll shows gubernatorial The GOP may sue this conservative Virginia candidate race is now a dead heat: 44-44 over the The latest statewide poll shows a dead heat in 46 percent had no opinion. Gillespie was rated fa- the gubernatorial election with each major party vorably by 36 percent and unfavorably by 20 per- design of candidate drawing 44 percent support. cent with 44 percent having no opinion. his yard The poll, taken by Monmouth University in The poll found substantial regional differences. signs. New Jersey, surveyed 502 Virginians from July 20 Northam led in northern Virginia by 13 percentage to 23. points and in the eastern areas by 9 percentage points. The poll found only 3 percent support for Lib- Gillespie led by 2 percentage points in the center, a See Page ertarian Cliff Hyra and 1 percent for write-in candi- statistically meaningless difference, but by a whop- 5. dates, with 9 percent still undecided. That 9 per- ping 18 percentage points in the western areas. cent is enough to swing the election either way and The only other statewide poll published so far points to the need for a savvy campaign. was taken just after the primary by Quinnipiac Uni- As for issues, 37 percent put health care and versity and showed Northam with a comfortable health insurance as one of their top issues, which lead 47-39. would seem to play into the hands of Northam, a The race is expected to be an intense one with This Confederate-loving physician by profession. -
Statement of Lieutenant Governor Bolling Regarding Campaign for Governor
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: Taylor Thornley November 28, 2012 Phone: (804) 543-7053 Email: [email protected] Website: www.BillBolling.com Statement of Lieutenant Governor Bolling Regarding Campaign for Governor RICHMOND – Lieutenant Governor Bill Bolling issued the following statement today regarding his decision to suspend his campaign for the Republican Party’s nomination for Governor of Virginia. “When I was growing up my dad was a coal miner and my mom waited tables. We didn't have much, but my parents instilled in me a love of Virginia. I never dreamed that I would one day have a chance to help lead this wonderful state, but thanks to you, that has been my privilege. “Throughout my 21 years in public service I have done my best to stand strong for our shared conservative values, while at the same time working with Republicans and Democrats to get things done in state government. I think that effort has been successful, and I hope you agree. “For the past seven years I have had the honor of serving as Virginia’s Lieutenant Governor, and it had been my intention to seek the Republican Party’s nomination for Governor in 2013. However, not everything we want in life is meant to be. “After a great deal of consideration I have decided to suspend my campaign for the Republican Party's nomination for Governor of Virginia. Needless to say, this was a very difficult decision for me, and I know it will come as a surprise and disappointment to many, but I am confident it is the right decision. -
Blueprint Virginia
BLUEPRINT VIRGINIA A Business Plan for the Commonwealth Dear Community and Business Leaders: NOVEMBER 20, 2013 In Virginia, we’ve long been blessed by a strong economy and have regularly been recognized as the best state for business. While we have much to be thankful for, there are still issues that need further consideration as we continue to compete in an increasingly global economy. There are areas of the Commonwealth that are not enjoying the level of prosperity experienced by others. We must remain vigilant in our efforts to foster statewide economic development in order to maintain our ranking as the best state for business. We are pleased to share with you the executive summary for Blueprint Virginia: A Business Plan for the Commonwealth. Blueprint Virginia is a comprehensive initiative to provide business leadership, direction and long-range economic development planning for Virginia. During the past twelve months, the Blueprint process engaged business and community leaders from around the state through grassroots involvement to determine top priorities for strengthening Virginia’s economic competitiveness. Regional briefings were held in more than 30 communities where hundreds of Virginia citizens voted on priority issues for their region and the state. We collaborated with more than 300 organizations and over 7,000 participants to develop “A Business Plan for the Commonwealth” that provides our elected officials and private sector leaders with a roadmap for economic competitiveness. We would like to express our deep gratitude to the many organizations and individuals who contributed their leadership, insights and support to Blueprint Virginia. It has been our honor to provide leadership throughout the Blueprint Virginia planning process. -
A History of the Virginia Democratic Party, 1965-2015
A History of the Virginia Democratic Party, 1965-2015 A Senior Honors Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation “with Honors Distinction in History” in the undergraduate colleges at The Ohio State University by Margaret Echols The Ohio State University May 2015 Project Advisor: Professor David L. Stebenne, Department of History 2 3 Table of Contents I. Introduction II. Mills Godwin, Linwood Holton, and the Rise of Two-Party Competition, 1965-1981 III. Democratic Resurgence in the Reagan Era, 1981-1993 IV. A Return to the Right, 1993-2001 V. Warner, Kaine, Bipartisanship, and Progressive Politics, 2001-2015 VI. Conclusions 4 I. Introduction Of all the American states, Virginia can lay claim to the most thorough control by an oligarchy. Political power has been closely held by a small group of leaders who, themselves and their predecessors, have subverted democratic institutions and deprived most Virginians of a voice in their government. The Commonwealth possesses the characteristics more akin to those of England at about the time of the Reform Bill of 1832 than to those of any other state of the present-day South. It is a political museum piece. Yet the little oligarchy that rules Virginia demonstrates a sense of honor, an aversion to open venality, a degree of sensitivity to public opinion, a concern for efficiency in administration, and, so long as it does not cost much, a feeling of social responsibility. - Southern Politics in State and Nation, V. O. Key, Jr., 19491 Thus did V. O. Key, Jr. so famously describe Virginia’s political landscape in 1949 in his revolutionary book Southern Politics in State and Nation. -
Presidential Documents
Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents Monday, November 26, 2007 Volume 43—Number 47 Pages 1521–1528 VerDate Aug 31 2005 12:15 Nov 27, 2007 Jkt 214250 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 1249 Sfmt 1249 E:\PRESDOCS\P47NOF4.023 P47NOF4 ycherry on PRODPC74 with PRESDOCSF Contents Addresses and Remarks Resignations and Retirements Radio address—1521 White House Office, Assistant to the Thanksgiving turkey presentation ceremony— President for Homeland Security and 1526 Counterterrorism, statement—1525 Virginia, Berkeley Plantation in Charles City—1522 Statements by the President Executive Orders See Resignations and Retirements Designating the ITER International Fusion Supplementary Materials Energy Organization as a Public International Organization Entitled To Acts approved by the President—1528 Enjoy Certain Privileges, Exemptions, and Checklist of White House press releases— Immunities—1526 1528 Digest of other White House Proclamations announcements—1527 National Family Week—1521 Nominations submitted to the Senate—1528 Editor’s Note: The President was at Camp David, MD, on November 23, the closing date of this issue. Releases and announcements issued by the Office of the Press Secretary but not received in time for inclusion in this issue will be printed next week. WEEKLY COMPILATION OF Distribution is made only by the Superintendent of Docu- ments, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS The Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents will be furnished by mail to domestic subscribers for $80.00 per year Published every Monday by the Office of the Federal Reg- ($137.00 for mailing first class) and to foreign subscribers for ister, National Archives and Records Administration, Washing- $93.75 per year, payable to the Superintendent of Documents, ton, DC 20408, the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Docu- Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. -
History of the Virginia Teachers Association, 1940-1965
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1981 History of the Virginia Teachers Association, 1940-1965 Alfred Kenneth Talbot Jr. College of William & Mary - School of Education Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Other Education Commons Recommended Citation Talbot, Alfred Kenneth Jr., "History of the Virginia Teachers Association, 1940-1965" (1981). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539618582. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.25774/w4-v941-v858 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. -
George Washington's Farewell Address My Account | Register | Help
George Washington's farewell address My Account | Register | Help My Dashboard Get Published Home Books Search Support About Get Published Us Most Popular New Releases Top Picks eBook Finder... SEARCH G E O R G E W A S H I N G T O N ' S F A R E W E L L A D D R E S S Article Id: WHEBN0001291578 Reproduction Date: Title: George Washington's Farewell Address Author: World Heritage Encyclopedia Language: English Subject: Collection: Publisher: World Heritage Encyclopedia Publication Date: Flag as Inappropriate Email this Article GEORGE WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDRESS George Washington's Farewell Address is a letter written by the first American [1] Washington wrote the This article is part of a series about letter near the end of his second term as President, before his retirement to his home Mount Vernon. George Washington Originally published in Daved Claypole's American Daily Advertiser on September 19, 1796, under the title "The Address of General Washington To The People of The United States on his declining of the Presidency of the United States," the letter was almost immediately reprinted in newspapers across the country and later in a pamphlet form.[2] The work was later named a "Farewell Address," as it was Washington's valedictory after 20 years of service to the new nation. It is a classic statement of republicanism, warning Americans of the political dangers they can and must avoid if they are to remain true to their values. The first draft was originally prepared in 1792 with the assistance of James Madison,[3] as Washington prepared to retire following a single term in office.