life Article The Association between Periodontitis and Human Colorectal Cancer: Genetic and Pathogenic Linkage Federica Di Spirito 1,2,* , Paolo Toti 1,3,4, Vincenzo Pilone 1,5, Francesco Carinci 6, Dorina Lauritano 7 and Ludovico Sbordone 1,2 1 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (Salerno), Italy;
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[email protected] (L.S.) 2 Complex Operating Unit of Odontostomatology, Head and Neck Clinical Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona, 84121 Salerno, Italy 3 Private Practice, Via Provinciale 87B, 55041 Camaiore (Lucca), Italy 4 Department of Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy 5 Complex Operating Unit of General Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona, 84121 Salerno, Italy 6 Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
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[email protected] Received: 5 August 2020; Accepted: 14 September 2020; Published: 18 September 2020 Abstract: Periodontitis has been associated with an increased risk of and mortality associated with human colorectal cancer (CRC). Current evidence attributes such an association to the direct and indirect effects of virulence factors belonging to periodontal pathogens, to inflammatory mediators and to genetic factors. The aims of the study were to assess the existence of a genetic linkage between periodontitis and human CRC, to identify genes considered predominant in such a linkage, thus named leader genes, and to determine pathogenic mechanisms related to the products of leader genes.