Traffic Impact Assessment Report

TRAFFIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

for

2x600 MW COAL BASED SINGARENI THERMAL POWER PLANT THE SINGARENI COLLIERIES COMPANY LIMITED (A Government Company)

Pegadapalli Village, Jaipur Mandal, Mancherial District, Telangana State

Prepared by

RAMKY ENVIRO SERVICES PVT. LTD. Ramky Grandiose, Ramky Towers Complex, Gachibowli, Hyderabad – 32

NABET/EIA/1518/SA 061

August 2018

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 4 1.1 Project Background 4 1.2 Present Proposal 4 1.3 Study Methodology 5 2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 6 2.1 Project Overview 6 2.2 Site Access 6 2.3 Status of Railway line 6 3.0 EXISTING TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE 9 3.1 Existing Road Network 9 3.2 Scheduled road improvement 10 4.0 TRAFFIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT 13 4.1 Existing traffic survey 13 4.2 Vehicle count 13 4.3 Categorization of traffic 13 4.4 Traffic Load 16 4.5 Logistics of MAV movement for coal transportation 17 4.6 Traffic Impact Assessment on NH-16 due to transportation of coal from mines to STPP 17 5.0 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY 18 5.1 Source of emissions and its strength 23 5.2 Impact on Air Quality 23 5.3 Particulate Matter emission calculation due to truck movement 23 5.4 Gaseous emission calculation due to truck movement 26 5.5 Simulation Model for Prediction – (AERMOD) 27 5.6 Line source details 27 5.7 Model input data 27 6.0 NOISE LEVELS 33 6.1 Source of Traffic Noise 33 6.2 Vehicular Traffic Impact 33 6.3 Noise Levels in the study area 34 7.0 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT MEASURES 37 7.1 Fugitive emission management 37 8.0 CONCLUSION 38

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

LIST OF FIGURES 1 First rake railway transportation images 8 2 Existing Road Network 9 3 Present status of NH-16 11 4 Present status of internal roads 12 5 Map showing traffic study on NH-16 towards Mancherial and towards TPP 14 6 Ambient Air Quality monitoring locations 19 7 Predicted 24- hourly average GLCs of PM (µg/m3) (Line source) 28 8 Predicted 24- hourly average GLCs of CO (µg/m3) 29 9 Predicted 24- hourly average GLCs of NOx (µg/m3) 29 10 Predicted 24- hourly average GLCs of PM (µg/m3) (Unloading Area) 30 11 Predicted 24- hourly average GLCs of CO (µg/m3) (Un-loading Area) 30 12 Predicted 24- hourly average GLCs of NOx (µg/m3) (Unloading Area) 31 13 Predicted 24- hourly average GLCs of PM (µg/m3) (Loading Area) 31 14 Predicted 24- hourly average GLCs of CO (µg/m3) (Loading Area) 32 15 Predicted 24- hourly average GLCs of NOx (µg/m3) (Loading Area) 32 16 Ambient Noise sampling Locations 34 17 Noise Levels Monitoring Images 35 18 Noise contour levels 36 LIST OF TABLES 1 Expenditure occurred towards development of roads 11 2 Vehicular travelling distance – Mines to STPP (distance in Km) 13 3 Real time traffic scenario on NH-16 towards Power Plant 15 4 Real time traffic scenario on NH-16 towards Mancherial 16 5 Existing and changed Level of Service on NH-16 17 6 AAQ monitoring locations 19 7 Ambient Air Quality PM10 & PM2.5 levels in the study area 19 8 Ambient Air Quality SO2 and NOx levels in the study area 20

9 Ambient Air Quality O3 and CO levels in the study area 20 10 Details of Post project monitoring if AAQM locations of EPTRI 21 11 Analytical results of 9 locations used by EPTRI towards Post Project Monitoring 21 12 Emission of PM10 for Peak Production capacities from different activities 25 13 Existing average truck movement/month 26 14 Modelling Inputs and emission factor calculation 26 15 Contribution of existing GLC’s from the movement of vehicles on NH-16 . 28 16 Noise monitoring locations 34 17 Noise Levels in the study area 35 18 Ambient noise standards 36

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Background In year 2010 M/s. Singareni Collieries Company Limited (A Government Company) obtained Environmental Clearance (EC) vide Lr. No. J-13012/88/2008-IA.II (T), dated 27.12.2010 for 2x600 MW coal based thermal power plant units from Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) Government of India. Environmental Clearance order copy is enclosed as Annexure 1.

During the establishment of the Singareni Thermal Power Plant (STPP), SCCL proposed coal transportation from their coal fields to site by Indian Railways using BOXN/BoBR rakess. The 1st unit construction has been completed in the Sep 2016 and the 2nd unit construction completed in the year Dec 2016. SCCL has requested MOEF&CC for temporary permission for transportation of coal by road instead of using dedicated railway line till its completion. The MoEF&CC vide its letter dated 10.08.2016 has granted the same for period of two years and is going to laps by August „2018.

Hence, SCCL requested for extension of time period for temporary transportation of coal by road for further one year period and submitted the online application on 15.06.2018 for EC Amendment.

The proposal was discussed in 18th Re Constituted EAC meeting for TPP held on 27.06.2018 and sought additional information “Traffic Impact Assessment study which includes impact on traffic load, ambient air quality and noise levels. Line source modelling will be conducted for estimating the incremental concentrations and impact area along the road. Area source modelling shall be conducted for loading and unloading points for predicted the environmental impacts, based on baseline data collected AAQ along the roads”. The amended EC vide Lr. No. J-13012/88/2008-IA.II (T), dated: 10.08.2016 enclosed as Annexure-2.

1.2 Present Proposal As suggested EAC in 18th meeting for carrying out the above study, SCCL hired M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt Ltd., as its environmental consultant.

The SCCL power plant is located at Pegadapalli Village, Jaipur Mandal, Mancherial District of Telangana State, between Latitude – 180 48‟ 40” North and 180 50‟ 20” North and Longitude – 790 34‟ 07” East and 790 35‟15” East. The proposed plant site is connected to Chennur –

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

Mancherial section of NH-16 and Kazipet – Ballarsah section of South Central Railway and located 14.6 Kms away from Mancherial in the South-East direction.

For the purpose of completing the traffic impact assessment, traffic load, ambient air quality and noise levels, an inspection of the existing road network has been undertaken. Required baseline data has been sourced/collected from field survey. To supplement the information received from the various sources, traffic counts have also been undertaken at important intersections in proximity to the transportation area.

1.3 Study Methodology The objective of the assessment is to evaluate the impacts on traffic load, ambient air quality and noise levels due to transportation of coal by road and also due to loading and unloading activities at mine and power plant.

Traffic impact assessment study includes the following tasks:  Inspection of the road network between coal loading and unloading points and its surrounding areas.

 Review of existing road network operations including survey of existing traffic on the roads connecting to power plant.

 Baseline data generation for ambient air quality and noise levels, movement of vehicles on important roads connecting loading and un loading points of coal.

 Line source and area source modelling for predicting environmental impacts due to coal transportation on surrounding areas along the road.

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Project Overview The Unit 1 COD completed on 25.09.2016 and Unit 2 COD completed on 02.12.2016 and both the units are under operation. The required coal for both units (2 x 600 MW) are met from the nearby operating mines of SCCL viz. SRP OC-I, SRP OC-II, RKP OC Phase-I. The coal from this three mines are transported to SRP-CHP and SRP-OC, from here it is further distributed to various customers through rail and road network.

All the above mentioned mines are operating; road network for transportation of coal is from existing mines to SRP-CHP, SRP-OC and also to NH-16 are well connected, the existing roads are used by SCCL authorities for transportation of coal. The same road network is used for the existing power plant. At present maximum quantity of coal is transported though rail network from SRP-CHP to other end users.

For STPP, at present, Transportation of coal is being done through well-developed road network and also about 50% requirement of coal through rail network which was commenced on 01.08.2018.

2.2 Site Access The power plant and SCCL mines are well connected by existing village roads, state highway (SH 1 - Rajiv Rahadari) and national highway (NH 16) (Mancherial-Jagdalpur). The power plant is 500m away from NH-16 which is passing north side of the Power plant. The Hyderabad to Karimnagar state highway SH-1 is joining NH-16 around 5 Km west side of the power plant.

2.3 Status of Railway line SCCL has obtained the Rail Transport Clearance (RTC) from South Central Railway (SCR) for proposed private siding for M/s. Singareni Thermal Power Plant (STPP) by extension of the existing Coal Handling plant (CHP) yard served by Mancherial Railway station on Kazipet – Balharsha section of SCR division for movement of coal by rail to the power plant in the year 2014. The copies of Rail Transport Clearance letter No.T.143/C/551 dated 26th April 2013 and Lr. No. T.143/C/551 dated 30 April‟2013 is enclosed as Annexure 3.

RITES Ltd., vide its letter dated 22.07.2018 (Annexure 4) has certified the completion of construction of one track of railway siding from SRP-CHP yard (LTC siding) to OCM yard for

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

6 Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

transportation of coal to STPP of SCCL at Jaipur and requested SCR, Ramagundam for arranging certification of track and rolling of engine at 10 KMPH.

The state-owned mining company invested about Rs. 766 Crores to develop the railway siding of 21.175 Km length railway line between Srirampur and STPP Station to evacuate coal.

21.175 Km total length of single track railway line connecting SRP CHP with STPP via SRP OCP is completed and coal transportation through rail is commenced on 01.08.2018 after making necessary trial runs by South Central Railways (SCR).

At present it is expected to transport about 2-3 rakes daily (approx.50% to 60% of total requirement) from SRP CHP only. The balance requirement of coal is required to be met by road mode i.e. from SRP OCP to STPP.

100% coal transportation will be done through rail mode on or before August „2019 by completing the loading arrangements at SRP OC CHP which will take about one year including tendering process, construction, electrifications etc.

The BOBRN system containing 59 wagons and each wagon having capacity of carrying 60-65 tonnes of coal are proposed for transportation of coal to STPP. Around 3800 Tonnes of coal will be transported in each trip. It will increase transportation of coal through Rail gradually and decrease the transportation of coal by road, till the rail transportation will get stabilized.

The first rake train transportation of coal and trail run photographs are shown in Figure 1.

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

Figure 1 First rake railway transportation images

Engine rolling trail run images

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

3.0 Existing Transport Infrastructure

3.1 Existing Road Network

The existing 2x600 MW SCCL_STPP and SCCL coal mines where the coal is transported are well connected by existing roads of SCCL developed, R&B developed and National Highway Authority of India limited developed roads. All the internal mines roads were well connected to NH-16. The Figure 2 showing existing road network connections with STPP of SCCL and nearby mines are given below.

Figure 2 Existing Road Network

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

A view of NH-16

SH-1

16 -

A view of NH-16 further expansion up to 30 m wide

3.2 Scheduled road improvements

SCCL got permission to transport coal by road from Superintending Engineer, (R&B) National Highways Circle, Hyderabad vide Lr. No. 1069/NH-63/TO/SENH/HYD/2016-17/399, Dt. 15.07.2016. Copy of the letter given in the Annexure 5.

The required coal for STPP is receiving from SCCL own mines. All internal roads are well developed and connecting to NH-16. SCCL has increased the width of the roads from 7m to 10m for taking additional load of traffic due to coal road transportation. All the existing roads used for coal transportation has been strengthened and are in good condition. The detail of amount spent by SCCL towards development of roads for coal transportation to STPP is given below Table 1.

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

Table 1 Expenditure occurred towards development of Roads

Amount Rs. Road details Executed Authority S. No. Description of work executed Deposited by Status of work (L x B) /Department SCCL & Year

Widening & strengthening of Rs. 19.00 Cr., Widened from 7 to 14m 1 National High-ways NH-63 from SRP-OCP to STPP 2014 & Work completed. 9000*14 m

Rs. 3.34 Cr. Construction of cause-way on 2 -- National High-ways Work completed Rasulpalli Vagu - NH-16 2015

Widening & strengthening of Rs. 7.10 Cr. Widened from 7 to 10 3 R&B road from SRP-CHP to 3000*10 m R&B m & Work completed RK.6 incline Junction 2014

Widening & strengthening of Rs. 5.20 Cr. Widened from 7 to 10 4 road from Rk.6 incline Jn. to NH- 3000*10 m SCCL m. WBM completed & 16 Jn. (SCCL portion) asphalting to be taken- up Approach road connecting NH- 5 3700*11 m Rs. 14.34 Cr. SCCL Work completed 16 with track-hopper, STPP

National Highway Authority has started further widening of NH-16 from exiting 14 m to 30 m wide and the widening work is under progress. Photographs showing widening works of NH-16 is given below Figure 3 and the internal roads & R&B roads developed by SCCL are shown in Figure 4. Figure 3 Present status of NH-16

A view of NH-16 NH-16 further expansion up to 30m wide

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

Figure 4 Present status of Internal Roads

SCCL developed Road

R&B developed Road

To avoid the traffic movement at main gate of the power plant, SCCL developed a parallel road exclusively for movement of coal carrying trucks which is before 800 m from the main gate. This exclusive road is around 3.5 Km length and 14m wide (two ways two lane divided) connecting NH-16 to coal track hopper. Once the coal transportation commenced by rail network, this road will used for movement of employees from colony to STPP.

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

4.0 Traffic Impact Assessment

4.1 Existing traffic survey The distance between pithead mines to power plant is in the range of 10 Km to 18 Km. Loaded and unloaded trucks travel distance on NH-16 is around 9 Km from SRP-OC-II, and around 6 Km from SRP-CHP. The approximate distances of roads between mines and power plant are as given below Table 2.

Table 2 Vehicular travelling distance – Mines to STPP (distance in Km) Source of Source to NH-16 to Option On NH-16 Total distance Mine NH-16 STPP SRP-CHP 8.5 6.0 3.5 18.0 Transportation of RKP OCP-I coal by Road SRP OCP-II 1.5 9.0 3.5 14.0

The traffic studies have been conducted to know the prevailing general traffic volumes on the existing roads and impact of travelling coal loaded trucks. It is essential to consider these details for assessing the anticipated coal truck traffic volumes as a part of overall impacts assessment.

The variations of traffic densities depend upon the working days and time and also vary in day and night times. In order to assess the prevailing traffic volumes on the roads, the survey was conducted during normal working days of the week by avoiding local holidays or abnormal situations to reflect the true picture of the traffic densities.

4.2 Vehicle count The vehicles passing through the road (in both ways) were counted at the selected locations for 24 hrs duration. Category-wise vehicle counting has been done continuously and recorded in the traffic volume count on hourly basis under respective categories.

4.3 Categorization of traffic Continuous manual traffic count has been carried out from 23.07.2018 to 26.07.2018 on NH-16 at two locations. The traffic volume was divided into 2wheelers, 3 wheelers, 4wheelers along with light commercial vehicles and Heavy vehicles. The number of vehicles for hour were counted and converted into Passenger Car Units (PCU‟s) using factor given in IRC: 106-1990.

Traffic studies were carried out at two locations on NH-16 to estimate the existing traffic load on either side of the T junction where SH 1 connecting Hyderabad to Karimnagar meets, the map showing the locations is given below Figure 5.

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

1. Road T - Junction to Jaipur (power plant) 2. Road T – Junction to Mancherial

Figure 5 Map showing traffic study on NH-16 towards Mancherial and towards TPP

The real time traffic scenario on NH-16 towards power plant and traffic scenario on NH-16 towards Mancherial are given Table 3 & 4.

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

Table 3 Real time traffic scenario on NH-16 towards Power Plant Two wheelers Three Wheelers LCV HCV Total vehicles Hours PCU/hr PCU/hr PCU/hr PCU/hr Total Total v/hr v/hr v/hr v/hr (0.75) (2) (1) (3.7) v/hr PCU/Hr 06:00-07:00 75 34 38 76 52 52 23 85 188 247 07:00-08:00 123 92 58 116 78 78 38 141 297 427 08:00-09:00 268 201 76 152 116 116 55 204 515 673 09:00-10:00 396 297 87 174 165 165 76 281 724 917 10:00-11:00 345 259 58 116 154 154 54 200 611 729 11:00-12:00 280 210 65 130 132 132 47 174 524 646 12:00-13:00 214 161 57 114 112 112 36 133 419 520 13:00-14:00 192 144 62 124 93 93 31 115 378 476 14:00-15:00 182 137 76 152 83 83 45 167 386 538 15:00-16:00 169 127 62 124 87 87 65 241 383 578 16:00-17:00 276 207 66 132 101 101 96 355 539 795 17:00-18:00 265 199 50 100 68 68 60 222 443 589 18:00-19:00 225 169 53 106 72 72 54 200 404 547 19:00-20:00 189 142 45 90 79 79 42 155 355 466 20:00-21:00 167 125 31 62 68 68 28 104 294 359 21:00-22:00 118 89 23 46 54 54 18 67 213 255 22:00-23:00 78 59 14 28 31 31 14 52 137 169 23:00-00:00 58 44 8 16 18 18 13 48 97 126 00:00-01:00 38 29 5 10 12 12 12 44 67 95 01:00-02:00 18 14 2 4 0 0 9 33 29 51 02:00-03:00 12 9 0 0 6 6 0 0 18 15 03:00-04:00 38 29 3 6 27 27 0 0 68 62 04:00-05:00 47 35 14 28 48 48 12 44 121 156

05:00-06:00 68 51 22 44 56 56 18 67 164 218

4 lane (Two Way) undivided as per IRC : 106 -1990 3000 Note: The movement of vehicles for transportation of coal from mines to SCCL STPP will be 24 hrs. LCV= Light Commercial Vehicles; HCV= Heavy Commercial Vehicles

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

Table 4 Real time traffic scenario on NH-16 towards Mancherial Three Two wheelers LCV HCV Total vehicles Wheelers Hours PCU/hr PCU/hr PCU/hr PCU/hr Total Total v/hr v/hr v/hr v/hr (0.75) (2) (1) (3.7) v/hr PCU/Hr 06:00-07:00 412 309 62 124 112 112 112 414 698 959 07:00-08:00 401 301 65 130 132 132 121 448 719 1010 08:00-09:00 421 316 118 236 156 156 132 488 827 1196 09:00-10:00 425 319 195 390 212 212 154 570 986 1491 10:00-11:00 488 366 186 372 176 176 167 618 1017 1532 11:00-12:00 477 358 154 308 153 153 145 537 929 1355 12:00-13:00 388 291 123 246 148 148 138 511 797 1196 13:00-14:00 354 266 112 224 137 137 124 459 727 1085 14:00-15:00 364 273 115 230 125 125 114 422 718 1050 15:00-16:00 308 231 114 228 145 145 118 437 685 1041 16:00-17:00 334 251 134 268 185 185 136 503 789 1207 17:00-18:00 386 290 145 290 176 176 148 548 855 1303 18:00-19:00 354 266 156 312 203 203 156 577 869 1358 19:00-20:00 478 359 132 264 206 206 175 648 991 1476 20:00-21:00 345 259 87 174 176 176 108 400 716 1008 21:00-22:00 165 124 76 152 143 143 122 451 506 870 22:00-23:00 115 86 54 108 87 87 143 529 399 810 23:00-00:00 88 66 42 84 72 72 123 455 325 677 00:00-01:00 68 51 34 68 55 55 94 348 251 522 01:00-02:00 47 35 22 44 47 47 78 289 194 415 02:00-03:00 58 44 16 32 42 42 67 248 183 365 03:00-04:00 68 51 34 68 56 56 57 211 215 386 04:00-05:00 85 64 42 84 75 75 75 278 277 500 05:00-06:00 156 117 56 112 92 92 98 363 402 684 4 lane (Two Way) undivided as per IRC : 106 -1990 3000 Note: The movement of vehicles for transportation of coal from mines to SCCL STPP will be 24 hrs. LCV= Light Commercial Vehicles; HCV= Heavy Commercial Vehicles

4.4 Traffic Load

During study period the maximum traffic was observed on the T Junction to Mancherial road when compared to T Junction to Jaipur (power plant) road. The main reason for more traffic on T junction to Mancherial road is because the traffic coming from Hyderabad / Karimnagar is moving towards Mancherial which is the district head-quarters, whereas towards power plant

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

there no major towns belonging state of Telangana, and the River Godavari is the border of both states and the NH 16 enters into Maharashtra State at a distance of 46 Km by Road.

4.5 Logistics of Multi Axle Vehicles (MAV) movement for Coal Transportation

1. The transportation of coal from mines to SCCL STPP for 2x600 MW is around 15500 tonnes /day (4.784 MTPA). 2. The carrying capacity of vehicles deployed for transportation of coal is 27 tonnes/truck. 3. The total number of trips made by trucks for movement of coal daily is around 574 trucks. 4. Considering 24 hours duration of truck movement, number of trucks movement will be around 574/24=24 trucks/hour or 89 PCU‟s/hr. (Considering 3.7 PCU for each MAV as per IRC: 106 - 1990). 5. The addition of 89 PCU‟s/hr loaded and 89 PCU‟s/hr unloaded are added to worst or peak observed during 24 hours at Location 1 & 2 on NH-16. 6. Total 178 PCU‟s/hr are added to obtain critical impact which takes place during the day.

4.6 Traffic Impact Assessment on NH-16 due to Transportation of coal from mines to STPP Based on the traffic studies V/C ratio and LoS were calculated at two monitoring locations. Two scenarios were considered, one scenario is based on the total traffic which includes trucks used for coal transportation by STPP and normal traffic, in second scenario traffic excluding the trucks used for coal transportation is considered. The V/C ratio and LoS at both locations are given below Table 5. Table 5 Existing and changed Level of Service on NH-16 Existing (including STPP traffic) Excluding STPP traffic Location No of PCU’s V/C LoS No of PCUs V/C LoS 917 On NH-16 Towards Plant 0.30 B 739 0.24 B (Peak : 09-10 am) 1532 On NH-16 Towards Mancherial 0.51 C 1354 0.45 C (Peak : 10-11 am) 4 lane (Two Way) undivided as per IRC : 106 -1990 - 3000 PCUs No of PCUs from STPP considered 89x2=178 during peak hour

V/C LoS Performance 0.0 – 0.2 A Excellent 0.2 – 0.4 B Very Good 0.4 – 0.6 C Good 0.6 – 0.8 D Fair/Average 0.8 – 1.0 E Poor 1.0 & above F Very Poor V= Volume in PCU’s/hr. C= Capacity in PCU’s/hr. LOS= Level of Service

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

From the results it is observed that in both scenarios (with and without considering the trucks used for coal transportation) the level of service on T Junction to Jaipur (power plant) will be “B (0.2-0.4)”, whereas the level of service on T Junction to Mancherial will be “C (0.4 to 0.6)”.

Precautions for vehicles carrying materials to power plant on along the NH-16:  The inclusion of 24 trucks/hr (89 x 2 PCU‟s) carrying coal to the existing traffic will not having much change in the traffic.

 The v/c ratio during peak period will be 0.30 at location towards Power Plant, LoS falling under class „B‟ Very Good. Whereas at location towards Mancherial the v/c ratio will be 0.51 LoS falling under class „C‟ Good.

 Vehicles carrying coal are being covered with tarpaulin to prevent spillage

 Vehicles hired to carry coal will be meeting all air pollution control norms and at regular interval checks for the implementation of pollution under control (PUC) certificates.

The level of service during Nov 2015 on T Junction to Jaipur (power plant) was “A” after addition of trucks carrying coal to STPP the level of service projected was “B” and at present during July 2018 the level of service observed is “B” without any major change. Whereas on T Junction to Mancherial road the level of service during Nov 2015 was “C” and after addition of the trucks carrying coal to STPP the level of service project was “C” and at present during July 2018 the level of service observed is “C”. The main reason for no change in level of service after 2 to 3 years period is the widening of the existing 7m road to 14m at present.

5.0 Ambient Air Quality As suggested by EAC, baseline data for Ambient Air Quality data was collected in month of July, 2018 along the road side from four locations. The details of the locations are given in Table 6, the figure showing the locations are given in Figure 6. The analytical results of 4 locations are given in Table 7, 8 & 9.

The details of 9 locations used for post project annual monitoring (from January, 2018 to July, 2018) by M/s. EPTRI towards AAQ in and around the project site are given in Table 10. And the analytical results of 9 locations used by M/s. EPTRI towards Post project monitoring are given in Table 11.

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

Table 6 AAQ monitoring locations

Distance Direction Location Name Latitude Longitude From Highway Labour colony 0.5 S 180 50‟ 05.4” 790 33‟ 53.7” Dubbapalli 0.9 N 180 51‟ 03.8” 790 34‟ 25.9” Rasulpalli 0.2 S 180 50‟ 28.2” 790 33‟ 11.9” Srirampur 0.5 S 180 51‟ 21.8” 790 29‟ 31.0” Direction of truck movement on highway NH 16 W to E

Figure 6 Ambient Air Quality monitoring locations

Table 7 Ambient Air Quality PM10 & PM2.5 levels in the study area PM-10 µg/m3 PM-2.5 µg/m3 Location 98th 98th Min Max Min Max Percentile Percentile Labour camp 65.8 72.3 72.3 36.5 42.3 42.3 Dubbapalli 58.2 66.4 66.3 32.8 37.5 37.3 Rasulpalli 55.8 64.3 64.2 32.3 35.4 35.4 Srirampur 67.6 71.2 71.1 35.5 40.1 40.1 98 Percentile 64.2 – 72.3 35.4 – 42.3 NAAQ Standards 2009(24 hr) 100 60

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

Table 8 Ambient Air Quality SO2 and NOx levels in the study area 3 3 SO2 µg/m NOx µg/m Location 98th 98th Min Max Min Max Percentile Percentile Labour camp 12.1 15.6 15.5 22.2 24.4 24.3 Dubbapalli 13.2 16.4 16.3 22.3 25.2 25.1 Rasulpalli 14.4 17.3 17.2 23.2 26.1 26.0 Srirampur 15.3 18.7 18.4 24.1 27.5 27.4 98 Percentile 15.5 to 18.4 24.3 to 27.4 NAAQ Standards 2009(24 hr) 80 80

Table 9 Ambient Air Quality O3 and CO levels in the study area 3 3 O3 µg/m CO µg/m Location 98th 98th Min Max Min Max Percentile Percentile Labour camp 18.3 21.1 21.1 550 680 677 Dubbapalli 21.9 23.9 23.1 480 585 582 Rasulpalli 20.9 24.3 24.0 545 595 593 Srirampur 20.1 25.2 24.7 560 650 649 98 Percentile 21.1 to 24.7 582 to 677 NAAQ Standards 2009(8 hr) 100 2000

Results observations:

 Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10 µm or less): A maximum Respirable PM concentration of 72.3µg/m3 was observed close to the truck movement area at Labour Colony and the minimum concentration of 55.8µg/m3 was observed at Rasulpalli.

 Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5 µm or less): 3 The maximum concentration of PM2.5 of 42.3µg/m was observed at Labour colony nearby truck movement, while the minimum of 32.3µg/m3 was observed at Rasulpalli village

 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2): 3 Maximum concentration of SO2 was observed to be 18.7µg/m at Srirampur and minimum of 12.1µg/m3 was observed at Labour Colony.

 Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx): The maximum concentration of NOx of 27.5µg/m3 was observed at Srirampur area and minimum value of 22.2µg/m3 was observed at Labour Colony.

 Ozone (O3): The maximum ozone concentration of 25.2µg/m3 was observed at Srirampur area and minimum of 18.3µg/m3 was observed at Labour Colony.

 Carbon monoxide (CO): The maximum concentration of CO of 680µg/m3 was observed at Labour Colony and the minimum of 480µg/m3 was observed at Dubbapalli village.

The baseline values observed during study period were well within NAAQ standards.

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

Table 10 Details of Post Project Monitoring of AAQM locations of EPTRI Location Name Distance (Km) Direction Environmental Settings Civil Office - E Industrial Area Weigh Bridge near Main Gate 0.5 W Industrial Area Labour Camp 0.5 W Industrial Area Stacker Reclaimer - SE Industrial Area Rasulpalli 1.9 NW Residential Dubbapalli 1.9 N Residential Jaipur 1.0 N Commercial Pagedepalli 0.1 E Residential Takumatla 2.1 SW Residential

Table 11 Analytical results of 9 locations used by M/s. EPTRI towards Post project monitoring Civil Office PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx Location Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max July, 2018 27 57 12.1 24.9 9.1 16.2 11.8 21.2 June, 2018 26 59 17.4 35.5 8.9 20.2 12.7 23.8 May, 2018 47 84 18.2 42.3 15.5 22.6 19.3 26.6 April, 2018 61 93 23.3 49.9 11.8 21.6 15.0 29.4 March, 2018 82 94 43.0 53.5 9.3 17.3 14.6 24.6 February, 2018 82 95 47.0 55.2 12.4 18.1 17.1 24.3 January, 2018 84 96 46.9 55.2 9.0 14.2 12.2 18.7

Weigh Bridge PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx Location Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max July, 2018 32 62 17.5 34.8 10.7 16.8 13.4 22.3 June, 2018 29 67 15.1 32.6 10.4 17.1 14.0 23.9 May, 2018 76 106 23.8 52.8 16.5 26.0 21.3 28.7 April, 2018 74 113 31.1 52.9 21.5 35.6 26.3 43.0 March, 2018 86 94 42.2 54.4 11.8 21.2 16.9 23.3 February, 2018 80 96 40.2 56.2 17.8 28.4 22.5 33.6 January, 2018 74 92 40.3 54.5 14.8 21.0 22.0 27.9

Labour Camp PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx Location Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max July, 2018 31 54 18.2 36.9 9.4 15.3 13.6 21.7 June, 2018 24 75 17.7 37.3 10.5 16.5 14.4 23.2 May, 2018 63 97 24.6 49.7 9.8 18.2 13.6 24.6 April, 2018 74 102 28.8 50.7 14.8 26.8 18.3 31.6 March, 2018 86 104 38.8 52.8 10.1 18.4 14.3 22.5 February, 2018 86 110 49.6 54.5 12.4 21.5 14.6 26.2 January, 2018 75 105 40.4 55.4 8.9 11.9 13.9 17.3

Stack Reclaimer PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx Location Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max July, 2018 30 57 17.4 36.3 10.1 15.8 14.5 20.6 June, 2018 29 67 15.1 32.6 10.7 18.5 14.2 22.5 May, 2018 64 101 23.8 53.4 11.8 23.4 14.6 28.6 April, 2018 84 112 31.7 51.5 20.7 27.5 26.4 31.8 March, 2018 91 108 39.9 57.5 11.6 21.0 15.5 28.6 February, 2018 92 115 50.7 55.8 13.2 24.5 22.0 30.4 January, 2018 90 110 51.7 54.0 14.8 21.2 22.0 27.2

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

Rasulpalli PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx Location Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max July, 2018 28 44 13.3 22.2 8.9 13.2 12.3 16.3 June, 2018 32 56 17.1 35.7 9.3 15.8 12.2 21.0 May, 2018 48 87 20.1 37.6 11.6 18.3 16.5 22.6 April, 2018 66 108 24 52.8 13.8 22.6 20.5 29.1 March, 2018 73 89 31.4 43.3 7.8 18.7 10.8 28.8 February, 2018 75 91 32.6 46.1 9.1 16.8 14.0 19.8 January, 2018 60 77 34.1 49.0 11.3 15.3 14.0 19.8

Dubbapalli PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx Location Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max July, 2018 31 47 13.7 22.4 7.8 13.6 10.4 16.4 June, 2018 30 61 14.7 29.5 9.1 14.7 11.3 18.0 May, 2018 48 91 18.1 37.6 8.5 14.2 13.2 18.7 April, 2018 51 80 23.9 39.5 13.5 20.7 18.3 25.5 March, 2018 73 85 31.7 43.0 9.2 17.8 12.9 22.9 February, 2018 75 90 36.5 45.7 8.5 16.2 13.1 21.3 January, 2018 72 83 34.1 50.4 10.5 14.8 16.6 21.8

Jaipur PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx Location Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max July, 2018 30 52 13.3 24.2 7.6 13.6 10.1 17.8 June, 2018 29 59 15.8 33.2 10.3 14.8 14.0 20.0 May, 2018 42 87 18.5 41.2 15.8 25.6 19.5 31.4 April, 2018 67 83 29.1 42.5 18.1 23.3 20.4 26.0 March, 2018 73 91 34.3 47.4 24.1 33.5 35.4 43.3 February, 2018 73 92 35.8 46.1 25.1 41.3 30.8 44.4 January, 2018 73 84 41.8 47.3 19.6 31.2 28.7 39.2

Pegadapalli PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx Location Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max July, 2018 33 51 15.9 22.7 8.9 15.2 10.5 18.7 June, 2018 24 67 16.8 33.5 10.3 15.3 14.0 20.4 May, 2018 61 94 22.2 36.7 19.2 31.4 23.3 35.4 April, 2018 77 101 27.8 45.4 11.9 21.8 16.5 23.8 March, 2018 81 94 37.2 53.5 26.5 37.5 35.7 45.5 February, 2018 78 97 39.4 55.6 25.6 34.3 31.4 41.0 January, 2018 81 98 43.4 54.9 26.1 33.2 35.6 43.2

Takumatla PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx Location Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max July, 2018 29 50 13.9 22.8 7.2 13.7 9.6 16.9 June, 2018 26 57 15.7 28.1 9.3 12.3 13.4 17.3 May, 2018 44 83 19.4 37.8 8.5 21.4 12.0 26.4 April, 2018 47 101 20.2 53.8 12.4 22.5 18.0 29.4 March, 2018 73 89 32.4 45.5 11.3 24.6 16.2 28.1 February, 2018 71 91 35.2 53.6 9.4 21.7 15.8 32.8 January, 2018 69 79 36.5 44.6 9.4 21.7 15.8 32.8

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

5.1 Source of emissions and its strength

The emissions are estimated using the AERMOD model version: 7.0.3. As per the New National Ambient Air Quality standards notified vide GSR 826 (E), dated 16th November 2009.

5.2 Impact on Air Quality

When the loaded trucks travel an paved road, the force of the wheels on the road surfaces causes pulverization of the surface material, particles are lifted and dropped from the rolling wheels and the road surface is exposed to strong air currents in turbulent shear, with turbulent wake behind the vehicle continue to act on the road surface after the vehicle has passed. Various types of road surfaces and vehicle characteristics are likely to have an impact on the particulate emission from paved roads. The particulate emission is mainly depending on the weight of the vehicle and silt content on the road surface.

The air pollution in the project study area arises mainly from the vehicles used for transportation of men, materials and coal. The main air pollutants like PM, CO and NOx will be released from the transportation operations. The sources generating these pollutants are mainly vehicular movements within the study area.

An emission factor is a representative value that attempts to relate the quantity of pollutant released in the atmosphere with an activity associated with the release of that pollutant. These factors are usually expressed as the weight of pollutant divided by a unit weight, volume, distance or duration of the activity emitting the pollutant. The parameters that are most likely to influence the particle emissions are measure of source activity, properties of the material being disturbed and climatic parameters.

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has developed emission factors for coal mining operation was published through AP - 42 (1998), based on these emission factors, National Pollution Inventory (NPI), Australian Government also developed emission factors for Suspended Particulate Matter (TSP) and Particulate Matter (PM10) and published the Emission Estimation Technique Manual (EET Manual) for mining and the version 3.1 is updated in January 2012.

5.3 Particulate Matter emission calculation due to truck movement Area of Truck used for Coal transport : 18 cum Specific gravity of Coal : 1.5 Tonnes/cum Gross weight of the Truck : 14 T (Tare) + 27 (Coal) = 41 Tonnes

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

Type of source : Line Dumper Speed : 20 kmph Distance travelled per trip : 40 km (lead 20 x2) No. of trips require achieving 15500 Tonnes/day : 1148 Trips/day Total travelling distance of all trucks : 22960 (Loaded) + 22960 (Empty) km

As per the USEPA (1998) and NPI EET Manual 2012 the emission factor for PM10 is: 0.8 0.4 0.3 EFPM10 = k*(s/12) *(W/3) / (M/0.2)

EFPM10=emission factor in kg per vehicle per km (kg/VKT) k = 0.733 for PM10 s = Silt content of road surface (2%) W = Vehicle gross mass in Tonnes (14 Tonnes truck gross weight with coal - 41 Tonnes) M = Moisture content (10%)

Total km travelled by all coal trucks with load = 22960 km

0.8 0.4 0.3 EFPM10 = 0.733*(2/12) *(41/3) / (10/0.2) = 0.15*22960 = 3444 kg/day Total km travelled by all empty (unloaded) trucks = 22960 km

0.8 0.4 0.3 Empty = EFPM10 = 0.733*(2/12) *(14/3) / (10/0.2) = 0.10*22960 = 2296 kg/day Total PM Emissions due to loaded + empty coal transport trucks = 3444 + 2296 = 5740 kg/day

Dumping of Coal

The USEPA uses the same equation for unloading coal as it does for loading coal Coal to be dumped in a day = 15500 T Emission factor = 0.0104 Emissions from coal dumping = 0.0104*15500 = 161 kg/day Source type: Area

Wind Erosion of Coal Dump (Stock Yard) Dumping of coal in the coal stock yard is required to be carried as an alternate arrangement at the surface, when the bunker / pre-weigh bin is full of its capacity. Wind provides the mechanical energy for particle entrainment. A certain minimum wind velocity, often called threshold wind velocity is responsible for air borne of the dust from the dumps. For long term emission estimations, average soil moisture content or the number of rainy days, silt content of the dumping material, wind speed are influencing parameters. As per USEPA (1998) and NPI

EET Manual 2012, emission factor for PM10 for wind erosion of dump is as given below.

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

EF = 1.9*(s/1.5)*365*((365-p)/235)*(f/15) EF = emission factor for TSPM kg/ha/Year

Whereas: s = silt content in exposed area of the coal heap will be around 2% p = number of days when rain fall > 0.25 mm is 66 days f = at site, 0.86% of time that wind speed is > 5.40 m/sec at the mean height of the dump

EFTSPM = 1.9*(2/1.5)*365*((365-66)/235)*(0.86/15)/365 = 0.128 kg/ha/day

EFPM10 = 50% of TSPM = 0.128 x0.50 = 0.0642, Total area of coal stock yards = 5 ha Emissions due to wind erosion of coal stock yard = 0.0642 x 5 = 0.32 kg/day Source type: Area

As per the USEPA (1998) and NPI EET Manual 2012 the emission factor for PM10 for loading on to the trains is: EFPM10 = 0.00017 kg/T Loading of Coal per day 15500 T Emissions due to loading to Train = 15500*0.00017 = 2.6 kg/day Source type: Area

Summary of Emissions: The summary of emissions for peak rated production capacity from different mining activities (without EMP) envisaged from above sections are summarized and the multiplying factor for control measures was applied. The same tabulated in below Table 12.

Table 12 Emission of PM10 for Peak Production capacities from different activities Emissions Source wise Operation Emission Day Emissions Control % of after emissions Activity Unit coal Factor activity Kg/day Method control control kg/day g/s Kg/day Coal km Transport 0.15 22960 3444 70 1033 (Load) Travelled 1721 19.92 Coal km 0.10 22960 2296 70 688 (Empty) Travelled Water sprinkling Dumping Coal 0.0104 15500 161 75 40 40 0.46 Tonnes Loading Loading 0.00017 15500 2.6 70 0.78 0.78 0.009

Wind Area in No Coal yard 0.0642 5 0.32 0 0.32 0.32 0.004 erosion Ha Control

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

5.4 Gaseous emission calculation due to truck movement

The gaseous emissions arises mainly from the vehicles used for transportation of men, material, coal and other commercial purpose, the main pollutants like CO and NOx will be released from the transportation operations. The sources generating these pollutants are mainly vehicular movements along the roads. The line source emission rate for the proposed main area is derived from the following equation:

Previous 3 months (i.e. April, May, June, 2018) data collected and calculated the average trips per day and total quantity of coal transported. Due to the unit-1 under overhauling the numbers of trips are recorded as less. The same given in below Table 13.

Table 13 Existing average truck movement/month Qty. of Total Quantity Month & Year Average Trips/day coal/trip/truck Tonnes /month April-2018 534 27.11 14476.74 May-2018 474 27.55 13058.70 June-2018 386 27.74 10707.64

Total Emissions = Emission Factor x No. of Vehicles x Velocity

Total Coal requirement : 15500 TPD Carrying capacity of truck : 27 Tonnes/Truck Transport Time : 24 hours No. of trips required to achieve 15500 Tonnes/day : 574/24 hrs = 24 Trucks/hr. Truck speed : 20 KMPH Distance travelled per trip : 40 Km (Loaded + Empty)

Table 14 Modelling Inputs and emission factor calculation As per Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) – Emission Factor (g/Km) S. No Vehicle Type No. of Vehicles/hr. CO NOx 1 Heavy Vehicles (Trucks) 24 3.92 6.50 Input values in Modelling (g/s) 0.52 0.86

Total Emissions=Emission factor x No. of Vehicles x Velocity CO : Total emission = 3.92 x 24 x 20 = 0.52 NOx : Total emission = 6.50 x 24 x 20 = 0.86

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

To assess the impact on Air quality based on traffic from the coal transportation CO and NOx are the important pollutants emitting from the traffic and transportation.

5.5 Simulation Model for Prediction – (AERMOD) Line source Modelling is done using existing traffic volume. The existing ground level concentration of the on-going coal transportation by road will indicate the impact in the surrounding environment modelling area with the help of AERMOD ver. 7.0.3 software.

AERMOD model version: 7.0.3 which is a steady-state dispersion model designed for short- range (up to 50 km) dispersion of air pollutant emissions from different sources. It is used to predict the ground level concentrations (GLCs) of PM, CO, HC & NOx due to the proposed project. The GLCs were predicted on 24 hourly average basis and the line source concentrations are shown in the form of isopleths.

In order to estimate the Ground Level Concentrations due to the emission from the traffic, EPA approved Air Dispersion Model (AERMOD) has been used. It provides option to model emissions from a wide range of sources that are present at a typical line source. The basis of the model is the road line steady state Gaussian Plume Equation.

AERMOD model with the following options has been used to predict the Ground Level Concentrations (GLCs) due to the existing source of emissions.

5.6 Line source details

Through Line source modelling the Ground Level Concentrations (GLCs) due to fugitive emissions emitted from the movement of vehicles and loading and unloading area source will also predicted.

5.7 Model input data

The inputs used to run the model are vehicle details, emission details, and a twenty-four hour mean Meteorological data. The contribution of existing GLC‟s due to movement of vehicles on NH-16 is given in Table 15. The isopleths of the same are given in Figure 7 to 15.

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

Table 15 Contribution of existing GLC’s from the movement of vehicles on NH-16 Existing Scenario (µg/m3) Particulars PM NOx CO Existing baseline Scenario 72.3 27.4 677 Contribution due to Coal Transportation Area Source (Loading) 0.21 10.9 6.6 Line Source 18.6 3.7 2.2 Area Source (Un-loading) 5.5 9.8 6.2 NAAQ Standard (2009) 100 80 2000

Similarly from the line source modelling the contribution of NOx from movement of coal transportation trucks into baseline values will be 3.7µg/m3 during worst case, whereas from loading operation the NOx contribution into baseline value will around 10.9 µg/m3 and from unloading the NOx contribution is around 9.8 µg/m3.

From the line source modelling the contribution of CO from movement of coal transportation trucks into baseline values will be 2.2µg/m3 during worst case, whereas from loading operation the CO contribution into baseline value will around 6.6 µg/m3 and from unloading the CO contribution is around 6.2 µg/m3.

Figure 7 Predicted 24- hourly average GLCs of PM (μg/m3) (Line source)

Max. Concentration of PM: 18.6 µg/m3 @ with in the turning

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

Figure 8 Predicted 24- hourly average GLCs of CO (μg/m3)

Max. Concentration of CO: 2.2 µg/m3@ turning

Figure 9 Predicted 24- hourly average GLCs of NOx (μg/m3)

3 Max. Concentration of NOX: 3.7 µg/m @ with in the turning

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

Figure 10 Predicted 24- hourly average GLCs of PM (μg/m3) (Unloading Area)

Max. Concentration of PM: 5.5 µg/m3 @ at the boundary

Figure 11 Predicted 24- hourly average GLCs of CO (μg/m3) (Un-loading Area)

Max. Concentration of CO: 6.2 µg/m3 @ at the boundary

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

Figure 12 Predicted 24- hourly average GLCs of NOx (μg/m3) (Unloading Area)

Max. Concentration of NOx: 9.8 µg/m3 @ at the boundary

Figure 13 Predicted 24- hourly average GLCs of PM (μg/m3) (Loading Area)

Max. Concentration of PM: 0.21 µg/m3 @ within the boundary

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

Figure 14 Predicted 24- hourly average GLCs of CO (μg/m3) (Loading Area)

Max. Concentration of CO: 6.6 µg/m3@ within the boundary

Figure 15 Predicted 24- hourly average GLCs of NOx (μg/m3) (Loading Area)

Max. Concentration of NOx: 10.9 µg/m3 @ within the boundary

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

6.0 Noise Levels

Traffic noise is probably the most rigorous and pervasive type of noise pollution. Noise pollution is one of the major environmental pollutants that are encountered in daily life and has direct effects on human performance. Noise is a major source of friction between individuals. The major sources of noise are industrial noise, community noise and traffic noise. Out of three parameters, the source that affects the most is traffic or vehicular noise.

6.1 Source of Traffic Noise In this traffic noise, almost one - third of the total noise pollution in the area is contributing by vehicle noise. Vehicle noise includes the following sources:

 Engines  Tires interacting with the road.  Horns  Aerodynamic friction and by the interaction between vehicles  Sounds of cooling fans, gearboxes and brakes

The increase in magnitude and severity of traffic noise depends on the following factor:  Vehicle type, its mode of operation and flow.  Dimension, position and surface materials of the roads  Disobeying traffic rules

All the above-mentioned factors combined together lead to increased vehicular noise levels. Noise pollution does not get noticed and it is not like a kind of chemical reaction. It is only like a wave which widespread in the air and does not have any stable and normally observable effect like water or soil pollution. Noise pollution is regarded as a significant criterion in determining the quality of life in cities and affects the social welfare.

The present study was undertaken to assess the extent of noise levels along the NH-16 from loading to unloading point. Noise levels were measured at selected locations.

6.2 Vehicular Traffic Impact Highway noise is the sum of the total noise produced at the observer point by all the moving vehicles on the highway. Thus the fundamental component is the noise produced by the individual vehicles, which depend on the vehicle type and its mode of operation. The overall

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

noise is also dependent on the characteristics of the vehicle flow and the relative proportions of the vehicle types included in the flow. Knowledge of these factors is thus necessary to define the characteristics of highway noise and to subsequently predict the associated noise level in the surrounding area.

6.3 Noise Levels in the study area Noise levels were monitored at 8 locations within the study area, using a noise measurement device. Continuous noise level measures and carried out for assessment of existing noise levels. Keeping in view the road network and vehicle movement along the residential, commercial and Industrial areas the day level of noise has been monitored during 6 am to 10 pm and night levels during 10 pm to 6 am. The noise monitoring stations are shown in below Table 16 and Noise levels in the study area in Table 17 along with standards are given in Table 18.

Table 16 Noise monitoring locations Location Direction from Road Category of Area / Zone

Coal dump Yard 10m Industrial Plant entrance gate 5m Industrial Weigh Bridge 5m Industrial Labour Camp 20m Industrial Dubbapalli 700 m Residential Rasulpalli 100m Sensitive Srirampur 50m Commercial SRP CHP 10m Industrial

Figure 16 Ambient Noise sampling Locations

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

Figure 17 Noise Levels Monitoring Images

SRP-CHP Loading Area Check post Area

Weigh bridge Area Plant Un-loading Area

Table 17 Noise Levels in the study area Day Night L dB (A) S. No Location Code eq Min Max Min Max Lday Lnight 1 N1 51.1 68.6 44.3 50.3 64.1 46.9 2 N2 46.7 57.6 43.1 46.5 54.9 44.2 3 N3 44.8 57.2 42.5 46.2 54.8 43.7 4 N4 44.3 56.5 41.8 56.5 53.9 42.4 5 N5 44.4 55.6 42.1 43.5 53.1 42.4 6 N6 42.3 51.2 40.1 43.4 49.3 40.9 7 N7 44.8 58.7 42.5 45.5 56.5 43.2 8 N8 48.7 73.2 43.2 48.9 67.8 45.5 Range 49.3 – 67.8 40.9 – 46.9

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

Table 18 Ambient noise standards Limits in dB(A) Leq. Area Code Category of Area Day Time Night Time A Industrial Area 75 70 B Commercial Area 65 55 C Residential Area 55 45 D Silence Zone 50 40 Source: S.O.123 (E) date. 14.02.2000 & it’s subsequent amendements Note: 1. Day Ttime noise is recorded in between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m. 2. Night time noise is recorded in between 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. 3. Silence zone is defined as area upto 100 meters around such premises as hospitals, educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by the competent authority.

Mixed categories of areas should be declared as one of the four above mentioned categories by the competent authority and the corresponding standards shall apply.5. dB (A) Leq denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on scale A which is related to human hearing.

“A”, in dB (A) Leq, denotes the frequency weighting in the measurement of noise and corresponds to frequency response characteristics of human ear.

Leq: it isthe energy mean of the noise level over a specified period.

Observation: The day equivalent values in the study area are varying from 49.3 to 67.8 dB(A) and the night equivalent values varying from 40.9 to 46.9 dB(A), both day and night equivalents were within the respective standards of silent zone, residential, commercial and industrial standards, except one value of silent zone the night equivalent was above the standard.

Figure 18 Noise contour levels

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

7.0 Traffic Management Measures

1. To ensure safety within the mining area, the speed of the vehicles will be restricted to 10 kmph, in STPP the speed of vehicle will be restricted to 20 kmph

2. While loading the coal and unloading there dust generation takes place, this will be controlled by water sprinkling.

3. Over taking prohibited sign boards are installed for both incoming and outgoing to NH-16.

4. It is desirable to have the asphalted pavement or preferably CC pavement, otherwise surface of the pavement must be watered.

5. Same requirements must be made in the power plant also.

6. Adequate turning radius for the loaded vehicles to turn safely must be ensured (1.5 of times the maximum length of the vehicle).

7. Adequate street lighting will be provided as the trucks will be moving during night time also.

8. To establish smooth entry & exit of vehicles, bell mouth shaped geometry is to provide at the gates. This ensures smooth transition for merging of vehicles.

9. Proper and adequate signboard stating “No Parking” in front of the project to prohibit parking.

10. All gates are manned with efficient security who can guide the entry and exit of vehicles.

11. All precautionary measures are ensured for the safety of construction labourers while working at the site.

12. Adequate sign & guide posts for traffic as per IRC (Indian Road Congress) or ITE (Institute of Transportation Engineers USA) to be installed.

13. Road marking, STOP lines, parking lanes, slot numbers etc., must be clearly painted so as to guide the drivers.

7.1 Fugitive emission management

The following measures are being envisaged for controlling the fugitive dust emission.

 Jet pulse bag filters at all dry material conveying and transfer points;

 Dust suppression system by water sprinkler at dump hopper of coal;

 Regular dust suppression with water sprinkler near the unloading point.

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

 Area between various sections and truck parking areas shall be made of concrete/bitumen/brick work;

 Plant roads & approach roads shall be made of bitumen/concrete;

 Open areas within the plant premises and along with boundaries of the plant premises shall be covered under greenbelt/plantation.

 The coal carrying trucks shall be fully covered using tarpaulins during transportation to /from the plant site by road.

8.0 Conclusion

From the traffic impact assessment studies it is observed that the level of service during Nov 2015 on T Junction to Jaipur (power plant) was “A” after of addition of trucks carrying coal to STPP the level of service projected was “B” and at present during July 2018 the level of service observed is “B” without any major change. Whereas on T Junction to Mancherial road the level of service during Nov 2015 was “C” and after addition of the trucks carrying coal to STPP the level of service project was “C” and at present during July 2018 the level of service observed is “C”. The main reason for no change in level of service after 2 to 3 years period is the widening of the existing 7m road to 14m at present.

From the line source modelling the contribution of PM from movement of coal transportation trucks into baseline values will be 18.6µg/m3 during worst case, whereas from loading operation the PM contribution into baseline value will around 0.21µg/m3 and from unloading the PM contribution is around 5.5µg/m3. Similarly from the line source modelling the contribution of NOx from movement of coal transportation trucks into baseline values will be 3.7µg/m3 during worst case, whereas from loading operation the NOx contributions into baseline value will around 10.9µg/m3 and from unloading the NOx contribution is around 9.8 µg/m3. From the line source modelling the contribution of CO from movement of coal transportation trucks into baseline values will be 2.2µg/m3 during worst case, whereas from loading operation the CO contribution into baseline value will around 6.6µg/m3 and from unloading the CO contribution is around 6.2µg/m3.

The impact of noise is felt within the 100 m of the source of noise generation and whereas the day and night equivalents observed in the study area are within the noise standards.

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

Traffic Impact Assessment for Transportation of Coal by Road for STPP

Status of Compliance of additional conditions stipulated in the Temporary Permission of amendment EC letter dated 10.8.2016 i) Prior requisite approvals from the concerned State Authorities, especially the PWD, shall be obtained.

The required approvals from the concerned state authorities have been obtained to widen and strengthen roads from SCCL mines to SCCL TPP, and same are attached as Annexure 5. ii) The transportation by road shall be through mechanically covered trucks to the extent feasible, else through trucks covered by tarpaulin.

For transportation of coal from SCCL mines to SCCL TPP trucks covered by tarpaulin are used. iii) Periodic maintenance of the road shall be done by the project proponent at its own expenses and shall also facilitate the traffic control on the road in consultation with the State Govt. Adequate road safety measures shall be provided for pedestrians.

As instructed the periodic maintenance works are carried out by the SCCL management and adequate safety measures are provided to pedestrians (foot path, road crossing signals, etc.) iv) Avenue plantation of 2/3 rows along the road shall be carried out by the project proponent at its own expenses in consultation with the State Government.

Avenue plantation of 2/3 rows along the road have been carried out at places where there is no plan of immediate widening of the roads, and further plantation will be carried out after proposed widening works are completed. v) The PP shall advertise in the local leading newspapers and upload on the website, the above amendment of EC so accorded by the Ministry, for public information.

The SCCL has advertised about amendment of EC accorded by the Ministry in local leading newspapers (i) Deccan Chronicle (English) Date: 20.08.2016 and (ii) Eenadu (Telugu), Date: 20.08.2016 and the same attached as Annexure 6. vi) The standard stipulated by the Ministry vide Notification dated 07.12.2015 (as amended from time to time) for Thermal Power Plants shall be duly complied.

SCCL TPP is complying the standards stipulated by the Ministry vide Notification dated 07.12.2015.

The water consumption for existing 2x600MW TPP is 3700 m3/hr (all existing CT based plants reduce specific water consumption up to maximum of 3.5m3/MWh within a period of two years from the date of publication of this notification). Meeting the stack emission standards of PM 3 3 3 3 50mg/Nm ; SO2 200mg/Nm ; NOx 300mg/Nm ; and Mercury 0.03mg/Nm .

M/s. Ramky Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd.

39 PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor 40 PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor 41 PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor 42 PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor 43 PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor 44 PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor 45 PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor 46 PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor 47 48 49

Page | 27

Page | 28

51 52 Annexure 5 Permissions from Concerned Authorities for widening the roads

53 Annexure 6 Advertisement of issue of Amendment to EC (10.08.2016) in Local Newspapers