The Bristol Pupil Voice Report

2019

This report has been compiled to provide an overview of the Pupil Voice Survey results for Bristol. All participating schools have received their own results.

Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

[This page is included for neater booklet printing]

- 2 - Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

Contents Page No.

1 Introduction 5

2 Background of Respondents 7

3 Food and Nutrition 11

4 Physical Activity 15

5 Sexual Health 23

6 Understanding Substances 25

7 Mental Health and Wellbeing 34

8 Dental Health 39

9 Health Protection 40

10 Domestic and sexual violence 45

11 Bullying 47

12 Personal Social and Health Education 53

13 Economic Wellbeing 57

14 Active Involvement 59

15 Methods and Analysis 61

- 3 - Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

[This page is included for neater booklet printing]

- 4 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

1 Introduction What is Bristol Pupil Voice and why do we do it? The Bristol Pupil Voice survey for primary and secondary school pupils asks questions across a broad range of topics relating to health and wellbeing. The subject matter is similar for both age groups although there are some differences in the style of questions and topics covered where appropriate. The survey provides those planning and delivering services with a detailed insight into the behaviours, attitudes and concerns of young people, and an opportunity to assess the success of projects and initiatives that have already been commissioned. The Pupil Voice Survey was first commissioned in Bristol in 2008 and was repeated in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2019. Participation, response and coverage in 2019: Summary points (more detail in section 15)

 All Bristol primary and secondary schools with key stage 2, 3 and/or 4 pupils (those aged between 8/9 years and 14/15 years), are invited to participate. In 2019, 69 schools, approximately 40% of all those eligible, took part.

 All types of schools contributed to the survey in 2019 including independent schools, special and alternative provision, but the majority (97% of the response) were mainstream state primary and secondary schools in the city.

 The survey is designed primarily for academic years 4, 6, 8 and 10 and 85% of the response in 2019 came from those year groups, but all key stage 2, 3 and 4 year groups (years 3 to 11) can participate. The majority of results presented in this report relate to the year groups 4 and 6 in primary schools and 8 and 10 in secondary.

 38% of all pupils in the focus year groups (4, 6, 8 and 10) in Bristol mainstream state primary and secondary schools participated in Pupil Voice in 2019.

 74% of all pupils in the focus year groups (4, 6, 8 and 10) in participating Bristol mainstream state primary and secondary schools responded to Pupil Voice in 2019.

 The gender and ethnicity profile of pupils that participated in Pupil Voice in 2019 was very similar to that for all pupils in Bristol mainstream state primary and secondary schools in academic years 3 to 11. In light of this, the relatively large numbers of respondents and high level of coverage in mainstream schools, we can be confident that the overall results are reasonably representative of the pupil population in these year groups (particularly those in the focus year groups 4, 6, 8 and 10) attending all mainstream state schools in the city.

 An analysis of average pupil deprivation statistics which provides an approximate comparison of participating schools to all mainstream state schools, suggests a slight potential skew in the responses. Primary school responses appear to be a little skewed towards schools with more deprived pupils on average, and secondary school responses appear to be a little skewed towards schools with more affluent pupils than average. The apparent skew is slight and may not be present at the level of individual pupils and the impact this has, in terms of Pupil Voice-derived results differing from what we would find for all schools in the city will also vary between the subject matter and the question asked. This should though be borne in mind when trying to infer results from the survey to the wider population of the city, particularly where the issue of interest is highly associated with deprivation (as many public health concerns are) and/or the age of the respondent.

- 5 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

This report presents a selection of findings from the latest year of the survey conducted in Bristol during the 2018-19 academic year. Where appropriate, comparisons to data from previous years of the survey as well as comparisons to a broadly representative national dataset derived from similar surveys conducted by the same provider (referred to as the ‘reference group’ in this report) are included. Data relating to the awards from the Bristol Healthy Schools scheme are shown in the appropriate sections.

More information has been collected than can be reported in a short report, so there may be more findings and analysis that are available or could be requested for particular topics.

- 6 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

2 Background of Respondents There is a set of questions in the surveys that give a sense of the family background and circumstances of the pupils. The questions in the primary and secondary surveys overlap, but the questions in the primary survey may be simpler or missing altogether. For example, primary school pupils were asked different questions about their gender/sexual identity than secondary pupils. The table below gives a summary of the background information we have about the pupils participating in the survey. Table 1: Background of respondents

% of respondents reporting the following characteristics Primary Secondary Ethnicity Described themselves as White British. 62% 60%

Family Responded that they live with their mother and father together. 64% responded that they live ‘mainly or only’ with their mother 16% said they live ‘mainly or only’ with their father. 2%

Temporary accommodation Responded that they live in temporary accommodation 5% ‘don’t want to say’. 2%

Disability / special educational needs Responded that they have a long-standing illness or disability 6% 7% said they are ‘not sure’ if they do. 11% 10% responded that they have a special educational need or learning difficulty 9% 10% said they are ‘not sure’ if they do. 14% 9%

Young carers Responded that they are a ‘young carer’, 10% 5% said they are ‘not sure’ if they are 11% 7% didn’t want to say. 1% responded that they are a ‘young carer’ and their school knows 2% 1% said their school doesn’t know. 3% 2% responded that being a young carer takes up at least an hour each day 2% said it takes up less than an hour. 1%

Sexual identity Responded that they are straight/heterosexual 84% said they are gay/lesbian. 1% said they were bisexual 5% unsure/questioning 5% prefer not to say 5%

Free school meals Responded that they get free school meals or vouchers for meals 14% 13% said they are ‘not sure’ if they do. 19% 6% said they have had them in the last 6 years 13% said they could have had them 2%

- 7 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

Some of these questions have been used to derive the sub-groups used in the variation charts found throughout the report and described in more detail in the ‘methods and analysis’ chapter at the end of this report. How the responses were used to make up each group is described below and on the next pages. Disability Table 2: % of respondents by response to: Do you have a long-standing illness or disability? Primary * Secondary No 83% 81% Not sure 11% 10% Yes  Long-standing illness 6% 7% or disability group Don't want to say (secondary only) NA 2%

*The survey had slightly different response options for the primary and secondary students. Ethnicity Table 3: % of respondents by response to: Which of the following most nearly describes you? Primary Secondary White British 61.9% 59.9% White Irish 1.2% 0.9% White Traveller of Irish heritage 0.3% 0.2% White Romany or Gypsy 0.2% 0.5% White Polish 2.5% 1.6% Any other White background 2.7% 4.1% White and Black Caribbean 1.7% 3.7% White and Black African 1.1% 1.0% White and Asian 0.8% 1.8% Any other mixed background 2.6% 2.3% Asian British 1.9% 3.3% Indian 1.3% 0.8%  Minority ethnic group Pakistani 1.9% 2.1% Bangladeshi 0.5% 0.6% Middle Eastern/West Asian 0.4% 0.9% Any other Asian background 0.4% 0.5% Black British 3.5% 2.8% Black Caribbean 0.7% 1.6% Somali 4.5% 5.6% Other Black African 1.0% 1.5% Any other black background 0.4% 0.4% Chinese 0.3% 0.4% Other background 1.8% 1.3% Don't know 3.6% 1.2% Don't want to say 3.0% 1.0%

- 8 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

Sexual/gender identity Table 4: % of respondents by response to: Which of the following best describes how you think about yourself? Secondary Straight/heterosexual 84% Gay/Lesbian 1%  LGBT+ Bisexual 5% group Other 1% Not sure 5% Prefer not to say 5% None of the above (or missing data) 0%

This question was not asked in primary schools.

Table 5: % of respondents by response to: Which of the following most nearly describes your gender? Primary Secondary

Male 49% 49% Female 48% 47% Transgender <1% 1%  LGBT+ group Not sure 1% 1% Don't want to say 2% 1%

Special educational needs Table 6: % of respondents by response to: Do you have a special educational need or a learning difficulty? Primary* Secondary No 79% 80% Not sure 12% 9% Yes  Special education need 9% 9% or learning difficulty group Don't want to say (secondary only) 1%

*The survey had slightly different response options for the primary and secondary students. Young carers Table 7: % of respondents by response to: Are you a young carer? Primary* Secondary No 79% 87% Not sure 11% 6% Yes 10% 5%  Young carers group Don't want to say (secondary only) 1%

*The survey had slightly different response options for the primary and secondary students.

- 9 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

Family composition (secondary only) Two groups were derived from this question. Table 8: % of respondents by response to: Which adults do you live with? Secondary Mother & father together 64% Mainly or only mother 16%  Single-parent family Mainly or only father 1% group Mother & father shared 6% Mother & stepfather 6% Father & stepmother 1% Mother & mother 0% Father & father 0% Mother & partner 2% Father & partner 0% Other relatives 0% Foster parents 1%  Children in care Carer in a residential school/home 0% group Other carer 0%

This question was not asked in primary schools.

Free School Meals Table 9: % of respondents by response to: In the last 6 years have you ever had free school meals, or vouchers for free meals? Primary * Secondary Yes 14%  Free School Yes, I have them now 13% Meals group No 68% 66% Not now, but I have had them in the past 6 years 13% No, but I could have had them 2% Don't know 19% 6% Don't want to say 1%

*The survey had different response options for the primary and secondary students. For the purposes of this report, only 'Yes, I have them now' was used to construct the Free School Meals group on the variation charts. As far as schools are concerned, the right category is: any currently in receipt of free school meals, plus those that either could or did have them in the last 6 years. We did not use this for the charts, so that primary and secondary phases were treated the same; otherwise, the Free School Meals category would have a disproportionate fraction of secondary pupils, and show significant differences because the group was older.

- 10 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

3 Food and Nutrition

3.1 Breakfast

Primary and secondary schools

5% of primary pupils responded that they had Chart 1: Percentage of primary and secondary pupil nothing to eat or drink before lessons on the respondents in 2019 who reported having nothing day of the survey, while 8% said they had a at all for breakfast on the morning of the survey, by cooked breakfast. year group and gender.

13% of secondary pupils responded that they 100% Male didn’t have anything to eat or drink for breakfast Female on the day of the survey, while 6% had a cooked 80% breakfast. 60% The proportion of children and young people in Bristol who reported eating nothing for breakfast 40% on the day of the survey is 9% overall; with older pupils more likely to do so. A similar proportion 20% only had a drink and nothing to eat. 6% 5% 5% 8% 5% 14% 12% 20% Trends over time 0% Year 4 Year 6 Year 8 Year 10 There are no clear trends among the figures across the successive waves of the survey. Comparisons

13% of secondary pupils (years 8 and 10) responded that they didn’t have anything to eat or drink for breakfast on the day of the survey, which is a little lower than the 16% seen in the national reference sample in 2018; in 2015, Bristol findings were higher (15% vs 10%).

- 11 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

3.2 Lunch

Primary and secondary schools

1% of primary school pupils and 13% of secondary pupils reported that they had no lunch on the day before the survey. 45% of primary school pupils and 36% of Chart 2: Percentage of primary and secondary pupils secondary school pupils reported having had a who reported having had a school meal on the day school lunch while 3% of secondary school pupils before the survey, in each wave of the survey 2008- reported buying lunch from a takeaway or shop. 2019. For those undertaking the Healthy Schools awards, 50% 45% the target is 70% of all pupils accessing school 43% 45% lunch. 41% 40% 36% 36% Trends over time 31% 32% 35% 38% The proportion of primary pupils in Bristol in 2019 36% 30% 34% 33% who reported having a school lunch on the day 31% 25% 30% 29% before the survey (45%) shows a further increase Primary 20% on the 2015 figure (43%), which was itself the high Secondary point of a previous trend. 15% Comparisons 10% 5% 43% of year 6 pupils in the Bristol survey reported 0% having had a school lunch, compared with 36% in the national reference sample. Amongst the secondary school year groups (years 8 and 10), 36% of respondents in Bristol had a school lunch, similar to the 38% in the national reference sample.

- 12 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

3.3 Fruit and veg – 5 a day

Primary and secondary schools

28% of primary pupils said that they had at least Chart 3: Percentage of primary and secondary pupils 5 portions of fruit or vegetables yesterday, who reported having had at least 5 portions of fruit or while 11% reported having had none at all. vegetables yesterday, by year group and gender.

22% of secondary pupils said that they had at 100% Male least 5 portions of fruit or vegetables Female yesterday, while 9% reported having had none at 80% all. 60% About a quarter of all pupils said that they had at least 5 portions of fruit or vegetables 40% yesterday, while 10% reported having had none at all. 20% Trends over time 29% 28% 29% 28% 25% 27% 19% 18% 0% There are no clear trends among the figures Year 4 Year 6 Year 8 Year 10 across the successive waves of the survey; reported intake of 5-a-day has been stable over last few years. The proportion reporting ‘none at all’ in 2019 (10%) is lower than in 2015 (13%). Comparisons These results are similar to those seen in the reference sample.

Variation in Bristol - Pupils not getting their 5-a-day fruit and veg

Chart 4: Variation chart: percentages of pupils responding that they eat less than 5 portions of fruit and/or vegetables per day, all and by group

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Average for all schools 75%

Primary (Y4 & Y6) 72%

Secondary (Y8 & Y10) 78%

Male 75%

Female 75%

Minority ethnic group 76%

LGBT+ group (Y10 only) 80%

Disability or long-term illness 77%

Free School Meals 80%

Children in care (Y8/Y10 only) 67%

Single-parent families (Y8/Y10 only) 82%

Young carers 73%

SEN or LD 77%

Significantly different Not significantly different

- 13 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

3.4 Eating habits

Primary and secondary schools Table 10: Percentage of pupils responding that they eat or drink the following ‘on most days’ (top 10): Pupils were asked how often they consumed a Primary Boys % Primary Girls % variety of foods and drinks. 1 Water 80% Water 85% Fruit and vegetables are among the most 2 Fresh fruit 56% Fresh fruit 65% common foods eaten reported as 'on most 3 Milk 53% Vegetables 54% days' by children and young people in the 4 Any bread 47% Any bread 52% sample, even though we have seen that these do 5 Vegetables 46% Milk 47% not always add up to the recommended five Any dairy produce 32% Any dairy 31% portions or more daily. Sweets, chocolate and 6 produce crisps are reported to be consumed on most 7 Crisps 28% Crisps 27% days by about a quarter of primary and Sweets, chocolate, 27% Sweets, 24% secondary school pupils. 8 choc bars chocolate… Sugary cereals were on the list offered to pupils, 9 Any meat 25% Salads 23% but did not appear in the top ten of food items Any vegetable 19% Any meat 22% 10 reported as being consumed most often. protein (e.g. tofu) Fruit consumption in particular appears to Secondary Boys Secondary Girls decrease as children move from primary to 1 Water 83% Water 83% secondary schooling. 2 Any bread 61% Any bread 58% Trends over time 3 Milk 55% Vegetables 55% 4 Vegetables 52% Fresh fruit 52% There are no clear trends among the figures Fresh fruit 47% Any dairy 45% 5 across the successive waves of the survey. produce to eat Comparisons 6 Any meat 47% Any meat 42% Any dairy produce 43% Milk 39% 7 These results are similar to those seen in the to eat reference sample. Crisps 24% Sweets, 26% 8 chocolate Views on healthy eating lessons Sweets, chocolate, 23% Crisps 25% 9 42% of secondary pupils said that school choc bars Any vegetable 21% Salads 21% lessons on healthy eating have been ‘quite’ or 10 protein (e.g. tofu,) ‘very’ useful, while 15% said ‘not at all’ useful.

3.5 Attitude to weight – Secondary pupils (not asked in primary)

58% of males and 45% of females responded Chart 5: Percentages of secondary pupils in each year that they are happy with their weight as it is. group that reported wanting to lose weight.

30% of boys and 49% of girls responded that 80% Males Females they would like to lose weight (57% of Year 10 girls). 60% Comparisons 40%

57% of Year 10 females responding to the Bristol 20% survey, reported wanting to lose weight, which is 30% 42% 29% 57% similar to the 56% seen in the reference sample. 0% Year 8 Year 10

- 14 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

4 Physical Activity

Primary and secondary schools Recommendations about physical activities for adults ask for at least half an hour a day of moderate physical activity (recommendations for children suggest an hour). We approach this issue with young people through a sequence of increasingly specific criteria. 5% of primary pupils and 4% of secondary pupils Chart 6: Percentage answering that they weren't responded that they weren't active enough to active enough to breathe harder and faster or feel breathe harder and faster or feel hot and sweaty, hot and sweaty, for at least half an hour on a single for at least half an hour on a single day in the week day in the week before the survey, by year group before the survey. and gender.

80% of primary pupils and 74% of secondary pupils 10% Male responded that they were active enough to Female breathe harder and faster or feel hot and sweaty 8% for at least half an hour on at least three days, in the week before the survey. 6%

58% of primary pupils and 43% of secondary pupils 4% responded that they were active enough to breathe harder and faster or feel hot and sweaty for at least 2% half an hour on five or more days, in the week 7% 6% 4% 3% 3% 3% 4% 6% before the survey. 0% Year 4 Year 6 Year 8 Year 10 Chart 7: Percentage answering that they were active Chart 8: Percentage answering that they were active enough to breathe harder and faster or feel hot and enough to breathe harder and faster or feel hot and sweaty for at least half an hour on at least three sweaty for at least half an hour on five or more days, days, in the week before the survey, by year group in the week before the survey, by year group and and gender. gender.

100% Male 80% Male Female Female 90% 70% 80% 60% 70% 60% 50% 50% 40% 40% 30% 30% 20% 20% 10% 77% 75% 86% 83% 82% 75% 78% 60% 10% 59% 52% 67% 54% 55% 39% 49% 27% 0% 0%

Year 4 Year 6 Year 8 Year 10 Year 4 Year 6 Year 8 Year 10

- 15 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

Pupils were asked how often they took part in a variety of sporting and physical activities. Table 11: Percentage of pupils responding that they do the following sports or activities at least ‘once a week’:

Primary Boys % Primary Girls % 1 Ball games (football, hockey etc.) 74% Playing outside (including tag games) 66% 2 Playing outside (including tag games) 68% Dancing/keep-fit/gymnastics 61% 3 Running for exercise 53% Swimming 50% 4 Swimming 45% Ball games (football, hockey etc.) 46% 5 Going for walks 41% Going for walks 44% 6 Riding their bike 34% Running for exercise 43% 7 Roller skating and scootering 28% Roller skating and scootering 28% 8 Martial arts (e.g. judo, karate, boxing) 28% Riding their bike 28% 9 Dancing/keep-fit/gymnastics 26% Martial arts (e.g. judo, karate, boxing) 17% 10 Other physical sporting activity 13% Gardening 13%

Secondary Boys % Secondary Girls % 1 Ball games 74% Walking/hiking 70% 2 Walking/hiking 60% Ball games 61% 3 Running for exercise 52% Running for exercise 49% 4 Cycling 38% Dancing/keep-fit/gymnastics 48% 5 Organised games/activities outside 37% Organised games/activities outside 26% 6 Swimming 24% Swimming 24% 7 Dancing/keep-fit/gymnastics 18% Cycling 17% 8 Martial arts 18% Other activities 13% 9 Roller skating, scootering, skateboarding 17% Roller skating, scootering, skateboarding 10% 10 Other activities 16% Martial arts 9%

95% of primary pupils and 95% of secondary pupils responded that they play or do one or more of the physical activities listed at least ‘once a week’; these figures are higher than those seen in the 2015 sample. 60% of primary pupils and 67% of secondary pupils responded that they play ball games in their own time or in school clubs at least ‘once a week’; the primary figure is also higher than seen in 2015. Walking forms a significant proportion of regular activity for many pupils.

- 16 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

Variation in Bristol – Not physically active (for half-an-hour or more) every day.

Chart 9: Percentages of respondents who reported that during the previous week, they were not active for at least half an hour and enough to breathe harder and faster or feel hot and sweaty, every day, all and by group.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Average for all schools 76%

Primary (Y4 & Y6) 67%

Secondary (Y8 & Y10) 84%

Male 71%

Female 81%

Minority ethnic group 78%

LGBT+ group (Y10 only) 86%

Disability or long-term illness 75%

Free School Meals 76%

Children in care (Y8/Y10 only) 80%

Single-parent families (Y8/Y10 only) 84%

Young carers 71%

SEN or LD 77%

Significantly different Not significantly different

4.1 Active playtimes

Primary schools

Children in primary schools were asked how they Chart 10: Percentage of primary pupils who reported spend time during school playtimes; they that they take part in the following activities during responded that they took part at least sometimes in playtimes at least 'sometimes', by gender the activities shown in the chart. 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Most primary pupils report doing some sort of physical activity at playtimes at least 'sometimes'. 93% Chatting/talking Most of these figures are very much the same as in 97% previous years, although reading has risen over time 92% from its lowest point of 21% in 2011, to 33% in 2015 Playing running/skipping games/tag and to 48% in 2019. 94%

Comparisons Playing ball games like 85% These results are similar to those seen in the national football or netball 62% reference sample. Male Reading quietly or being 44% Female in the library 51%

4.2 Enjoying exercise

Secondary schools

71% of secondary pupils responded that they enjoy physical activities ‘quite a lot’ or ‘a lot’. Comparisons These results are similar to those seen in the national reference sample.

- 17 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

Trends over time Chart 11: Percentage of secondary pupils reporting they enjoy physical activities at least 'quite a lot', in Looking across the waves of the study, the each wave of the survey 2008-2019. impression is more of a high and steady level of enjoyment than anything else. The lowest levels of 100% enjoyment observed previously were in 2010, but the 90% 78%76% 75% recent figures are also relatively low, but consistent 80% 71%74% 71% 72% with previous results. 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

4.3 Barriers to exercise

Secondary schools

We asked pupils if there was Table 12: Percentage of pupils responding that the following stops them anything that stopped them from doing activities as much as they would like (top 9): from doing physical activities as much as they would like. Secondary Boys % Secondary Girls % 28% of secondary pupils 1 Don't have enough time 20% Don't have enough time 36% responded that they don’t do as Shy about doing things in 13% Shy about doing things in 28% 2 much physical activity as they front of other people front of other people would like because they ‘don’t 3 Don't know what to do 9% Shy about how I look 20% have enough time’, with rather 4 Other 8% It costs too much to do 16% more girls saying so. Shyness in Know what I want to do 7% Don't know what to do 12% relation to exercising in front of 5 but don't know where to other people was another go important barrier, reported by Places are too far away 6% Don't like getting hot and 12% 6 21% of respondents. 11% said sweaty that ‘it costs too much to do’. Don't like to try new things 6% Know what I want to do but 11% 7 Comparisons don't know where to go 8 Shy about how I look 6% Places are too far away 10% 28% of secondary pupils (Years 8 It costs too much to do 5% Don't like to try new things 9% & 10) responded that they don’t 9 do as much physical activity as 10 Don't like getting hot and 5% Don't like the people who go 7% sweaty there they would like because they ‘don’t have enough time’, which is slightly lower than the 32% seen in the reference sample.

- 18 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

4.4 Screen time

Pupils were asked how long did you spend looking Chart 12: Percentage of pupils in 2019 spending 3h at a device screen yesterday? (Including or more on different activities on a device screen computer, iPad, TV, games console, other yesterday, by phase and gender handheld devices). For the first time in 2019, we 0% 20% 40% 60% also asked what they were using the screen for.

Primary schools Homework In years 4 and 6 (primary school), the majority of respondents reported at least an hour of screen use Looking things up (online) during the previous day. Boys were far more likely to report three or more hours of usage on some activity or another, which was most often playing games Social media 35% (37%). Secondary schools Watching videos online

In years 8 and 10 (secondary school), the majority of 37% Playing games respondents reported more than two hours screen 42% use during the previous day. Females are more likely than males to spend more than three hours using Shopping social media (35%). As observed for primary school age respondents, male respondents were more likely Pri-M Pri-F Sec-M Sec-F to report three hours or more playing games (42%). Nearly one-third of secondary pupils reported that they felt their screen use time was ‘too long’, although male respondents were less likely to feel that this was the case for them (males 26%, females 37%). Associations – Screen time, sleep, wellbeing and exercise We can take the minimum amount of time spent in front of a screen from the responses shown above, and explore links between screen time and reported time asleep, emotional and mental wellbeing scores (for detail on these scores, see Section 7) and days reported with at least half-an-hour of exercise last week (see charts below). Chart 13: Average reported sleep Chart 14: Average wellbeing Chart 15: Average days with at time of pupils in 2019 by scores of pupils in 2019 by least 30m exercise in 2019 by minimum time spent on a device minimum time spent on a device minimum time spent on a device screen yesterday, by phase screen yesterday, by phase screen yesterday, by phase

Primary Secondary Primary Secondary Primary Secondary 9.5 48 5.5 9.0 46 5.0 8.5 8.0 44 4.5 7.5 42 4.0 7.0 40 3.5 6.5 6.0 38 3.0 None 1 hour 2 hours 3h or None 1 hour 2 hours 3h or None 1 hour 2 hours 3h or more more more

Three or more hours’ screen time is associated with worse sleep and worse wellbeing, also is associated with a more sedentary week among secondary pupils. However, no screen time at all is also associated with lower wellbeing scores.

- 19 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

We can show the data underlying the last chart, and Chart 16: Percentage of pupils in 2019 spending 3h the association between screen-use and physical or more on different activities on a device screen activity, in another way, treating the number of days yesterday, by phase and number of days exercising exercising as the independent variable (chart on for at least half an hour last week. right). Pri 3h or more Sec 3h or more

As the number of days exercising increases, the 100%

likelihood of spending at least 3 hours on a device use - 80% screen decreases, in both primary and secondary pupils. 60%

40%

3+ 3+ screenhrs

20% with

% % 0% None 1 day 2 3 4 5 6 7 days Days with 30 minutes or more physical activity

The evidence for the health implications of, and what constitutes excessive screen use for children and young people, is mixed. A recent commentary on the available evidence1 from the UK Chief Medical Officer, Sally Davies, acknowledged that there was good evidence for an association between prolonged screen-use and certain negative impacts on mental health, sleep, physical activity and diet, with screen use potentially displacing some healthy behaviours. Despite a lack of evidence for a clear causal link between screen use and negative health impacts, the commentary supported a precautionary approach; recommending parents and carers set boundaries for screen-use, know what their children are doing online, and take care that screen use does not impact on other health promoting activities such as sleep, diet, keeping active and spending time together face-to-face.

Variation in Bristol - More than three hours’ daily screen time Chart 17: Percentages of respondents who reported spending more than 3 hours using an electronic screen-based device on the day before the survey, all and by group. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Average for all schools 49%

Primary (Y4 & Y6) 44%

Secondary (Y8 & Y10) 54%

Male 53%

Female 44%

Minority ethnic group 52%

LGBT+ group (Y10 only) 67%

Disability or long-term illness 59%

Free School Meals 59%

Children in care (Y8/Y10 only) 50%

Single-parent families (Y8/Y10 only) 63%

Young carers 58%

SEN or LD 58%

Significantly different Not significantly different

- 20 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

4.5 Sleep duration

Evidence shows that sleep is important for children’s health and wellbeing2. The NHS publish recommendations for children and teenagers, which for the responding cohort to the Pupil Voice survey vary from no less than 10 hours per night for Year 4 pupils, to no less than 9 hours per night for Year 10 pupils3. For convenience, 9 hours has been used as the benchmark for the variation chart on the following page.

Primary and secondary schools Pupils were asked to state how many hours of sleep they had the previous night.

Chart 18: Percentage of pupils in 2019 by their response to the question how long did you sleep last night, by gender

30% Primary - Male 25% Primary - Female 20%

15%

10%

5% 3% 1% 12% 8% 8% 7% 14% 12% 18% 17% 21% 26% 12% 17% 11% 12% 0% Not at all Up to 6 7 hours 8 hours 9 hours 10 hours 11 hours 12 hours hours or more

35% Secondary - Male 30% Secondary - Female 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 2% 2% 14% 22% 21% 20% 29% 27% 22% 19% 9% 7% 2% 2% 2% 1% 0% Not at all Up to 6 7 hours 8 hours 9 hours 10 hours 11 hours 12 hours hours or more

The responses to this question indicate a considerable variation of sleep duration within the population. Very nearly half of the primary school respondents reported sleeping for 10 hours or more the previous night, but less than a third of secondary pupils reported 9 hours or more. Female respondents of primary school age were more likely to report longer sleep duration than the male respondents from primary schools. In secondary school the situation appears to be reversed, with secondary females much more likely than male peers to report no more than 6 hours’ sleep. The same pattern was found in 2015. A large proportion of the pupils responding to the survey reported a duration of sleep less than the recommended levels for their age; 51% of primary school pupils (<10 hours) and 69% of secondary school pupils (<9 hours).

- 21 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

Variation in Bristol - Pupils who get less than 9 hours sleep

Chart 19: Percentages of respondents reporting they got less than 9 hours sleep last night, all and by group.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Average for all schools 50%

Primary (Y4 & Y6) 33%

Secondary (Y8 & Y10) 69%

Male 51%

Female 49%

Minority ethnic group 52%

LGBT+ group (Y10 only) 91%

Disability or long-term illness 57%

Free School Meals 55%

Children in care (Y8/Y10 only) 77%

Single-parent families (Y8/Y10 only) 76%

Young carers 48%

SEN or LD 54%

Significantly different Not significantly different

- 22 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

5 Sexual Health

5.1 Sources of information about relationships and sex

Primary schools

Primary school pupils in Year 5 and above were Table 13: Percentages of Year 6 pupils in Bristol who asked who they would like to talk to them about responded that they would like the following people body changes and growing up, with the option to to talk to them about growing up and body changes, pick more than one item from a list. Parents and by year group and gender (top 5): carers came out very strongly as the people children Primary boys Primary girls would most like to talk to, with nearly half of pupils choosing this option, but in 2019 we added the 1 None of these 56% Parents/carers 53% option for ‘None of these’, which actually came 2 Parents/carers 35% None of these 40% Teachers, in school 11% Teachers, in school 17% ahead of most other options. 3 lessons lessons 4 Friends 9% Friends 14% Older brothers or 7% Older brothers or 8% 5 sisters sisters

Parents and carers were also the group children were Table 14: Percentages of Y6 pupils in Bristol who most likely to have already talked to about body responded that they have talked with the following changes and growing up, with over 60% of pupils people about growing up and body changes, by year giving this response. group and gender (top 5):

Primary boys Primary girls 1 Parents/carers 50% Parents/carers 71% Teachers, in 47% Teachers, in school 52% 2 school lessons lessons 3 None of these 24% Friends 24% Friends 13% Older brothers or 14% 4 sisters Older brothers or 10% None of these 14% 5 sisters

Secondary schools

Secondary school pupils were asked about their Table 15: Percentages of secondary pupils in Bristol sources of information about sex and responding that the following sources were one of relationships, with the option to pick more than one their main sources of information about sex and item from a list. School lessons were the most relationships, by year group and gender (top 5): commonly identified source, with 76% of pupils Year 8 Males Year 8 Females choosing this. 1 School lessons 79% School lessons 80% Family and friends were the next most commonly 2 My family 48% My family 55% cited source, with friends the most important source 3 Friends 32% Friends 35% after school lessons for Year 10 pupils and family for 4 TV, films 17% TV, films 17% Year 8 pupils. 5 Internet 11% Internet 8% In 2013, pupils were given 'pornography' in the list for the first time, and it has continued to appear in Year 10 Males Year 10 Females the top 5 for Year 10 males since that time, in 1 School lessons 70% School lessons 74% addition to other internet sources mentioned by 2 Friends 50% Friends 62% male and female pupils in both year 8 and 10. 3 My family 36% My family 45% 4 Internet 29% TV, films 28% 5 Pornography 27% Internet 22%

- 23 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

54% of Year 10 pupils said they know where they would go if they needed a contraception/sexual health service.

Among Year 10 pupils that answered ‘yes’ to the question above and named where they would go for these services, 36% said they would go to a doctor/health centre. Around 14% said they would go to Brook (or another young people’s service) and 28% their school nurse, while small numbers (less than 10% in each case) would consult their parents, other family members, local GUM (Genito-urinary medicine) service or a pharmacy.

Over 40% of all year 10 pupils were aware of local Brook sexual health services (48% in 2015), and rather fewer (less than 10%) of Unity Bristol (new for the 2019 questionnaire).

35% of secondary pupils responded that they have found school lessons on sexually transmitted infections ‘quite’ or ‘very’ useful, while 36% said the same of school lessons on other aspects of sex and relationships. About 15% of pupils found these lessons ‘not at all useful’ (13% in 2015), and around 20% could not recall lessons on each of these topics.

Variation in Bristol - Pupils who know where to go for sexual health advice

Chart 20: Percentages of respondents who responded that know where to go for sexual health advice (secondary only), all and by group. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Average for all schools 41%

Secondary (Y8 & Y10) 41%

Male 41%

Female 40%

Minority ethnic group 42%

LGBT+ group (Y10 only) 60%

Disability or long-term illness 43%

Free School Meals 45%

Children in care (Y8/Y10 only) 64%

Single-parent families (Y8/Y10 only) 45%

Young carers 45%

SEN or LD 39%

Significantly different Not significantly different

- 24 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

6 Understanding Substances

6.1 Drinking alcohol

Primary and secondary schools 83% of Y6 pupils and 64% of secondary pupils said that they do not drink alcohol. 2% of the Y6 sample and 10% of the secondary sample reported that they drink without their parents knowing at least sometimes. Trends over time Chart 21: Percentage of Y6 and secondary pupils who reported they do not drink alcohol, by phase, in each Y6 pupils in Bristol in 2019 were the most likely to wave of the survey 2008-2019 say that they do not drink alcohol (83%) compared with other waves of the study; there appears to have 90% 83% been a marked change during the last 10 years, from 80% the lowest figure of 51% in 2009. 68% 64% The figures for secondary pupils abstaining from 70% 56% alcohol were also among the highest in the most 60% 53% 53% 51% 66% 64% 61% recent waves of the survey (66% in 2015). 50% Primary The indication from these trends is that fewer pupils 40% 48%46% are drinking alcohol than was the case just a few 30% 38%40% Secondary years previously. 20% Comparisons 10% 83% of year 6 pupils in Bristol reported that they do 0% not drink alcohol, which is similar to the 88% seen in the reference sample.

This question was not asked of Y4 pupils in 2019

- 25 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

6.2 Drank alcohol in the last 4 weeks

Primary and secondary schools

7% of Y6 pupils drank alcohol in the last 4 weeks. Chart 22: Percentage of Y6 and secondary pupils in 2019 reporting they drank alcohol in the last 4 weeks, 25% of secondary pupils drank alcohol in the last 4 by year group and gender. weeks. 50% Male 40% Female

30%

20%

10% 10% 5% 14% 15% 36% 36% 0% Year 4 Year 6 Year 8 Year 10 Variation in Bristol - Drank alcohol in the last 4 weeks

Chart 23: Percentages of respondents who reported drinking alcohol in the last 4 weeks, all and by group. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Average for all schools 19%

Primary (Y4 & Y6) 7%

Secondary (Y8 & Y10) 25%

Male 19%

Female 18%

Minority ethnic group 13%

LGBT+ group (Y10 only) 49%

Disability or long-term illness 26%

Free School Meals 17%

Children in care (Y8/Y10 only) 29%

Single-parent families (Y8/Y10 only) 23%

Young carers 22%

SEN or LD 22%

Significantly different Not significantly different

- 26 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

6.3 Exposure to cigarette smoke

Primary and secondary schools 29% of primary pupils and 32% of secondary pupils responded that their parents/carers smoke. 8% of primary pupils and 10% of secondary pupils said that someone regularly smokes indoors at Table 16: Percentages of pupils in 2019 who report home in rooms that they use. smoking last week, by smoking at home, by year 7% of primary pupils and 9% of secondary pupils group responded that someone smokes in a car when Smoking if Smoking if they are in it too. parents/carers parents/carers don't smoke smoke Association: smoking at home and pupil smoking Year 6 0% 2% Smoking last week was much more likely to be Year 8 1% 2% reported by pupils if they also reported smoking by Year 10 4% 9% parents.

In the 2008-2013 data, we saw a stronger association of smoking with smoking by close friends.

6.4 Smoking and vaping

Primary and secondary schools

Chart 24: Percentage of Y6 and secondary pupils in 2019 reporting they smoked at least one cigarette About 1% of Y6 pupils smoked at least one during the last 7 days, by year group and gender. cigarette during the last 7 days (this question was not asked of Y4 pupils in 2019). 100% Male Female 2% of secondary pupils smoked at least one 80% cigarette during the last 7 days. 60%

40%

20% 2% 0% 1% 1% 5% 6% 0% Year 4 Year 6 Year 8 Year 10

- 27 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

Secondary schools

Age when smoking was first tried Chart 25: Mean age that pupils started smoking regularly, by year group, in each wave of the survey 13% of secondary pupils responded that they have 2009-2019. smoked in the past or smoke now. Year 4 Year 6 Considering just the 432 secondary pupils who have Year 8 Year 10 smoked, they were on average 12 years old when 14 they first started smoking. Among the Year 8 pupils who have ever smoked, the age was 10 for boys and 12 11 for girls. 10 8 Of the Y6 pupils who have ever smoked, they were on average 8 years old when they first tried smoking 6 (this question was not asked of Y4 pupils in 2019). 4 2 There are no clear trends in the age that smoking commenced for any of the year groups. 0 E-cigarettes

17% of secondary pupils responded that they have Chart 26: Percentage of secondary pupils reporting tried e-cigarettes in the past or use one currently. they have tried or use e-cigarettes, by reported Association between smoking and vaping tobacco cigarette smoking habits, 2019

The majority of this 17% did not report regularly 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% smoking tobacco (pie chart below: just 18% of them smoked regularly), but the relatively small number of I have never smoked 8% tobacco smokers in the sample were far more likely to be e-cigarette users than their non-smoking peers I have only tried smoking 69% (chart, right). once More than 90% of secondary pupils that described I used to smoke sometimes, themselves as smoking tobacco ‘sometimes’, weekly, but I never smoke cigarettes 81% now or more frequently, had tried e-cigarettes (bar chart I sometimes smoke opposite). cigarettes, but not as many 89% as one a week

I usually smoke between 1 91% Chart 27: Percentages of secondary phase and 6 cigarettes a week pupils reporting different tobacco cigarette I usually smoke more than 6 smoking habits within those who have tried 94% cigarettes a week or use e-cigarettes, 2019

I used to smoke I sometimes sometimes, but I smoke cigarettes, never smoke but not as many I have only cigarettes now, as one a week, 17% tried smoking 10% 8% once, 33%

I have never I usually smoke smoked, 39% tried e-cigarettes I usually smoke between 1 and 6 more than 6 cigarettes a week, cigarettes a week, 4% 6%

- 28 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

Trends over time

Secondary school pupils are less likely to smoke in Chart 28: Percentage of Y6 and secondary pupils who 2019 than in any previous wave of the study. reported smoking last week by year group, in each wave of the survey 2008-2019.

Year 6 Year 8 Year 10 Comparisons 20% 3% of secondary pupils (years 8 and 10) reported smoking at least one cigarette during the last 7 days, 15% which is similar to the level seen in the reference sample. 10%

5%

0%

Variation in Bristol - Smoked in the last week

Chart 29: Variation chart: percentages of respondents who reported that they smoked in the last week, all and by group. 0 10 20 30

Average for all schools 2%

Primary (Y4 & Y6) 1%

Secondary (Y8 & Y10) 3%

Male 3%

Female 2%

Minority ethnic group 2%

LGBT+ group (Y10 only) 10%

Disability or long-term illness 3%

Free School Meals 4%

Children in care (Y8/Y10 only) 25%

Single-parent families (Y8/Y10 only) 3%

Young carers 5%

SEN or LD 5%

Significantly different Not significantly different

- 29 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

Association of smoking with other behaviours

The use of tobacco, alcohol and illegal drugs are Chart 30: Relationships between risky behaviours often discussed together, but are the use of these reported by Year 10 pupils in the 2019 survey substances related? 6% of Year 10 pupils said they smoked in the last % that smoked in the last week week, 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 36% of Year 10 pupils drank in the last 4 weeks, and Drank alcohol in the last 1% 20% of Year 10 pupils have ever tried illegal drugs. 4 weeks: No Drank alcohol in the last 13% The charts to the right illustrate the strength of the 4 weeks: Yes association between each of these risky behaviours Taken illegal drugs in the 2% and the likelihood of the respondent reporting last month: No another of them. For example, we see from the top Taken illegal drugs in the 31% chart that, of the year 10 pupils that reported last month: Yes drinking alcohol in the last 4 weeks, 13% had smoked in the previous week, compared with just 1% of year % that drank in the last 4 weeks 10 pupils that did not report drinking in the previous 4 weeks. The drinkers were 13 times more likely to 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%100% also be smokers. They were also 6 times more likely Smoked in the last week: 33% to report having ever taken illegal drugs. These No associations exist between all of the three behaviours Smoked in the last week: 85% listed above. Yes Taken illegal drugs in 30% the last month: No Taken illegal drugs in 90% the last month: Yes

% have ever tried illegal drugs

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%100%

Smoked in the last week: 16% No Smoked in the last week: 78% Yes Drank alcohol in the last 7% 4 weeks: No Drank alcohol in the last 42% 4 weeks: Yes

- 30 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

6.5 Drugs: offers and use

Secondary schools Secondary school pupils were offered a list of drugs against which to report their experiences. The complete list was: Amphetamines (e.g. speed, sulph, whizz, uppers) Heroin (e.g. H, smack, brown) Cannabis (e.g. hash, grass, pot, skunk, dope) Poppers (e.g. Liquid Gold, Rush, TNT) Cocaine (e.g. snow, Charlie, coke) Solvents used as drugs (e.g. glue, gas refills, aerosols) Crack cocaine Ketamine (e.g. Special K, Vitamin K) MDMA / Ecstasy (e.g. E) Laughing gas (nitrous oxide) Muscle-building steroids Mephedrone (m-cat, meow meow) LSD, magic mushrooms New Psychoactive Substances (used to be called ‘Legal Highs’

29% of Year 10 pupils have been offered cannabis Chart 31: Percentage of secondary pupils in 2019 who and 14% laughing gas. reported being offered or taking drugs, by year group and gender. 15% of Year 10 students have ever taken cannabis and 10% laughing gas. 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% Overall, 13% of secondary pupils (Years 8 and 10) said they have taken some form of illegal drug 10% Yr8M themselves. 7% Offered The difference between the percentage of offers and Used the percentage of use suggests than many young 7% people can and do refuse offers of illegal drugs. Yr8F 6% The drugs most commonly offered to young people in Bristol were cannabis, laughing gas, cocaine and ecstasy/MDMA, among a wide range of 30% Yr10M substances. 17% Cannabis was the drug most commonly used.

32% Yr10F 21%

Table 17: Percentage of year 10 pupils that report using / being offered, the most commonly reported drugs. Year 10 Have ever been Have ever Have used in Have used in offered used last year last month Cannabis 29% 15% 14% 9% Laughing gas (nitrous oxide) 14% 10% 8% 4% MDMA/Ecstasy 8% 3% 2% 2% Cocaine 6% 1% 1% 0% LSD, magic mushrooms 4% 1% 1% 1% Ketamine 2% 1% 1% 0% Crack cocaine 2% 1% 0% 0% Amphetamines 2% 1% 0% 0% Solvents 2% 2% 1% 0% Poppers 1% 1% 1% 0%

- 31 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

Trends over time Chart 32: Percentage of secondary pupils who reported ever using cannabis, in each wave of the Experimentation with cannabis has been lowest over survey 2008-2019. the last rounds of the survey since 2011, in keeping with national trends. 18% 15% The drugs questions have been subject to changes in 16% 13% wording and in the treatment of missing values over 14% the waves of the survey. 12% 10% 9% 10% 7% 7% 8% 5% 6% 4% 2% 0%

Variation in Bristol – Ever taken illegal drugs

Chart 33: Variation chart: percentages of respondents who reported ever taking illegal drugs, all and by group (secondary schools only) 0 10 20 30 40

Average for all schools 12%

Secondary (Y8 & Y10) 13%

Male 12%

Female 13%

Minority ethnic group 11%

LGBT+ group (Y10 only) 25%

Disability or long-term illness 19%

Free School Meals 12%

Children in care (Y8/Y10 only) 33%

Single-parent families (Y8/Y10 only) 12%

Young carers 18%

SEN or LD 14%

Significantly different Not significantly different

- 32 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

6.6 Drugs: support and advice

Primary schools

Primary school pupils were asked who they have Table 18: Primary phase pupils responding that they talked with about drugs. have talked to the following people to talk to them about drugs: Just under 60% of primary school pupils reported having spoken to someone about issues relating to Boys Girls illegal drug use. 37% of primary school pupils said None of these 42% Teachers, in 41% 1 that they have talked about drugs with school lessons parents/carers, and 38% had discussed the issue with 2 Parents/carers 35% None of these 38% teachers (much higher than the 25% found in 2015, Teachers, in 35% Parents/carers 38% 3 although the question design has changed). These school lessons sources of information were by far the most 4 Friends 16% Friends 13% commonly used by children at this age. Older brothers or 8% Older brothers or 9% 5 sisters sisters

Trends over time & other comparisons

Secondary pupils' awareness of a local drug/alcohol Chart 34: Percentage of secondary pupils reporting advice service for young people is at its lowest awareness of a local drug/alcohol advice service for among all year groups in 2019 than in any previous young people, in each wave of the survey 2008-2019. year of the survey, at 10% of respondents. 25% 22% Secondary pupils reporting that they drink alcohol or 20% 19% have ever taken illegal drugs were more than twice as 20% 18% likely as pupils that had not, to report awareness of 16% 14% drug and alcohol support services. 15% In 2019, year 10 pupils were more likely to be aware 10% of support services than year 8 pupils (14% vs 7%), 10% but were much more likely (more than twice as likely) to be drinkers or drug users in year 10 compared to 5% year 8. Awareness of relevant support services does not appear to keep pace with the higher prevalence 0% of these behaviours in the older age group.

- 33 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

7 Mental health and wellbeing

7.1 Emotional Health and Wellbeing

Worries and problems Chart 35: Percentage of primary pupils in 2019 who reported they worry about at least one problem 'quite a lot' or 'a lot', by year group and gender. Primary schools Males Females 87% of primary pupils in the survey worry about at 100% least one problem 'quite a lot' or 'a lot', compared 80% to 78% of the respondents in 2015. 60% 40% 20% 90% 90% 81% 87% 0% Year 4 Year 6

From the list below, primary school pupils were asked Table 19: Percentage of primary school pupils what they worry about and how often: reporting they worry about the following ‘quite a lot’ or  School-work/  Growing up ‘a lot:’ homework/ tests  Keeping safe at Boys Girls  Moving on to home 1 Family 56% Family 54% secondary school  Keeping safe outside 2 War and terrorists 44% War and terrorists 49%  The way you look  The environment 3 The environment 43% Crime 45%  Being bullied  War and terrorists Moving on to 4 Crime 39% 42%  Your health  Crime secondary school  Family  Other 5 Keeping safe outside 38% The environment 41%  Falling out with Falling out with 6 Your health 37% 41% friends friends Pupils responded separately to each item on the list, so Moving on to 7 34% Keeping safe outside 39% the columns on the table add up to more than 100%. secondary school 8 Keeping safe at home 34% Your health 36% The most common worry for primary girls and boys Falling out with was family (up to 55% of pupils from 47% in 2015), 9 31% Keeping safe at home 35% friends while crime and war/terrorists were also common 10 Growing up 29% Being bullied 32% worries (similar levels in 2015). The environment as a source of worries, was mentioned by a considerably 11 Being bullied 24% Growing up 29% School-work/ School-work/ higher proportion of pupils in 2019 (42%) compared to 12 24% 26% 2015 (27%). homework/tests homework/tests 13 The way you look 19% The way you look 26% The list above captured the vast majority of issues that 14 Other 10% Other 9% children were worried about, but issues cited in the

‘other’ category included: death and bereavement, kidnapping/abduction and sleep problems.

- 34 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

Trends over time Chart 36: Percentage of primary pupils reporting they worry at least ‘quite a lot’ about the way they look, in Changes in the wording of the question have meant each wave of the survey 2008-2019. that some items tracked in previous editions of this report cannot be used now.

One item of which the wording has been constant is 30% 27% worrying about the way you look, which was 25% 24% recorded at its lowest level in 2015. 23% 23% 23% 20%

20%

10%

0%

7.2 Responses to problems

Secondary schools

Students were invited to say what they do Chart 37: How secondary school pupils tell us they deal with when they have a problem. Some of these problems (%) responses are focussed on the problem, and some on the emotional reactions to having a Listen to music 33% problem. Each of the options with a response 59% Talk to someone about it 40% above 10% have been ordered and are shown 50% in full: Think about it on my own 34% The most common responses to having a 45% problem are listen to music, talk to someone Play computer/video games 45% 13% and think about it on my own. Watch TV 24% 5% of male pupils and 11% of female pupils 33% reported that they ‘cut or hurt’ themselves in Rest or sleep more 22% 32% response to problems. Keep busy with other things 19% There is a large gender difference for this, and 22% 8% several other of the response options to this Eat something sweet 17% question. 7% Eat more generally 16% Cut or hurt myself 5% 11% Male Do nothing 10% Female 4%

- 35 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

Primary and secondary schools We asked primary and secondary school pupils Table 20: Pupil responses to: ‘If you had a problem, whom who would be their source of support for a would you share it with first?’ by phase variety of problems. Primary age pupils were

Mumand/or Dad

Keep ittomyself Keep asked for the first person that the young BrotherSisteror

Primary Otheradult

Teacher

people would turn to, while secondary age Friend students were able to pick more than one

person.

Young people in Bristol would very often turn

to their parents or carers when seeking Problem with school 54% 4% 10% 19% 1% 11% information or support for problems. Family problem 51% 9% 10% 6% 3% 20% Teachers were also a common source of Health problem 77% 2% 3% 2% 2% 12% support. Problem with friends 41% 6% 12% 23% 2% 15% Bullying problem 50% 3% 5% 27% 2% 12%

Friends were most commonly referred to by or member carerFamily Secondary secondary age students, and were the most ittomyself Keep

School staff School common source of support for relationships Otheradult and family problems. Friend

Problem with friends 50% 33% 14% 3% 29% Family problems 30% 37% 14% 8% 36% The way you look 37% 27% 3% 1% 49% Relationships 35% 45% 3% 2% 36% The environment 47% 25% 12% 8% 36% Crime 55% 32% 14% 11% 28%

- 36 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

7.3 Emotional wellbeing

Measuring emotional wellbeing Mental and emotional wellbeing is a concept that is challenging to quantify, and to compare between individuals or groups within the population. A number of survey tools have been developed for this purpose and two were used in the Pupil Voice survey in 2019, both widely used and recognised to be reliable for their target age-groups. A series of positive statements (see section 15.5) are used to derive a mental wellbeing score for the respondent, with higher scores indicating higher wellbeing, and these scores enable their mental wellbeing to be compared to others, or a change over time to be assessed. Neither survey tool is a clinical screening device, although lower scores may indicate poor mental health and results correlate with other tools designed for that purpose. Primary schools Chart 38: % of primary school respondents by their SCWBS category Stirling Children's Wellbeing Scale (SCWBS) 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Please refer to the methods and analysis chapter for more information on the Stirling Children's Wellbeing Scale. 12-23: Low 2% 2% of primary pupils had a low score (12 – 23) on the Stirling Children’s Wellbeing Scale; 11% had a med- 24-35: Med-low 11% low score (24 – 35).

5% of primary pupils had a score of 12 – 30; Liddle & 36-47: Med-high 40% Carter (2010)4 suggest that scores in this range may indicate poor mental health. 48-59: High 44% That would indicate that on average, 1 or 2 primary school children in each class surveyed may suffer from poor mental health. 60 - Maximum 4% 47% of primary pupils had a high or maximum score (48 – 60) on the Stirling Children’s Wellbeing Scale. 80% of primary pupils responded that they feel happy most of the time, while 7% said they don’t. Secondary schools Chart 39: % of secondary school respondents by their WEMWBS category Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) 0% 20% 40% 60% Please refer to the methods and analysis chapter for more information on the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental 14 - 27 (low) 9% Wellbeing Scale. 9% of students had a low score (<28) on the 28 - 41 (med-low) 26% Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS). 42 - 55 (med-high) 47% 18% of students had a high score (>55) on the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale 56 - 70 (high) (WEMWBS). 18%

- 37 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

Variation in Bristol - Primary pupils with a low wellbeing (SCWBS) score <=30 Liddle & Carter (ibid.) suggest a score of 30 or less for SCWBS may indicate poor mental health.

Chart 40: Variation chart: percentages of primary pupil respondents with a low wellbeing score (SCWBS), all and by group. 0 10 20

Average for all schools 5%

Primary (Y4 & Y6) 5%

Male 5%

Female 5%

Minority ethnic group 5%

Disability or long-term illness 8%

Free School Meals 9%

Young carers 10%

SEN or LD 7%

Significantly different Not significantly different

Variation in Bristol - Secondary pupils with a low wellbeing (WEMWBS) score

Chart 41: Variation chart: percentages of secondary pupil respondents with a low wellbeing score (WEMWBS), all and by group. 0 10 20 30

Average for all schools 9%

Secondary (Y8 & Y10) 9%

Male 6%

Female 11%

Minority ethnic group 9%

LGBT+ group (Y10 only) 21%

Disability or long-term illness 12%

Free School Meals 12%

Children in care (Y8/Y10 only) 9%

Single-parent families (Y8/Y10 only) 12%

Young carers 22%

SEN or LD 11%

Significantly different Not significantly different

- 38 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

8 Dental Health

Primary and secondary schools

83% of primary pupils and 85% of secondary pupils Chart 42: Percentage of pupils reporting that they responded that they cleaned their teeth at least brushed their teeth at least twice on the day before twice on the day before the survey. the survey, by wave of study and by phase 93% of primary pupils responded that they have their 100% teeth checked by a dentist, while 54% of primary 90% 85% 86% 85% 84% pupils responded that they have had teeth filled or 81% 80% 82% removed. The figures for secondary pupils were 80% 82% 82% 82% 83% 83% 83% 95% and 56% respectively. 70% Trends 60% Primary 50% Tooth brushing frequency in primary and secondary Secondary schools seems high and stable; this question was not 40% included in the primary school survey for 2013. 30% Other information sources suggest that dental health 20% in young people in Bristol is relatively poor, despite 10% these brushing figures; another important factor 0% contributing to tooth decay is the number of times sugar is consumed during the day.

Variation in Bristol - Pupils with filled or extracted teeth

Chart 43: Variation chart: percentages of respondents who reported that they have had teeth filled or removed, all and by group. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Average for all schools 55%

Primary (Y4 & Y6) 54%

Secondary (Y8 & Y10) 56%

Male 54%

Female 56%

Minority ethnic group 61%

LGBT+ group (Y10 only) 62%

Disability or long-term illness 61%

Free School Meals 68%

Children in care (Y8/Y10 only) 60%

Single-parent families (Y8/Y10 only) 61%

Young carers 62%

SEN or LD 58%

Significantly different Not significantly different

- 39 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

9 Health Protection

9.1 Unintentional injury

Primary and secondary schools

38% of primary pupils reported that they had had an Chart 44: Percentage of primary and secondary unintentional injury in the last 12 months that was pupils in 2019 reporting an unintentional injury in the treated by a doctor or nurse. last 12 months that was treated by a doctor or nurse, by year group and gender. 37% of secondary pupils said they were treated for an unintentional injury by doctor or at a hospital 100% within the last year. Male 80% In all year groups, males are more likely to have Female reported such an injury. 60%

40%

20% 41% 34% 43% 31% 43% 33% 39% 32% 0% Year 4 Year 6 Year 8 Year 10

The most common cause of unintentional injury Table 21: Top 5 types of unintentional injury pupils reported by primary and secondary school pupils report experiencing in the last 12 months: were sports injuries. Sport injuries were twice as likely to be reported by male respondents. Primary Boys Primary Girls Comparisons 1 A sports injury 16% A fall, trip or slip 10% 2 A fall, trip or slip 8% Other 6% 38% of Year 6 pupils reported that they had had an 3 Cut 6% A sports injury 6% unintentional injury in the last 12 months that was 4 Other 5% Cut 3% treated by a doctor or nurse, which is similar to the 5 Cycling injury 2% Animal bite or sting 2% national reference sample statistic (35%).

Secondary Boys Secondary Girls 1 Sports injury 21% Sports injury 11% 2 Fall, trip or slip 6% Fall, trip or slip 7% 3 Other 3% Other 4% 4 Cut 3% Cut 3% 5 Cycling injury 2% Burn or scald 2%

- 40 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

Variation in Bristol - Pupils reporting an unintentional injury in the last year Chart 45: Variation chart: percentages of respondents who reported an unintentional injury in the last year 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Average for all schools 37%

Primary (Y4 & Y6) 38%

Secondary (Y8 & Y10) 37%

Male 42%

Female 33%

Minority ethnic group 36%

LGBT+ group (Y10 only) 33%

Disability or long-term illness 43%

Free School Meals 41%

Children in care (Y8/Y10 only) 57%

Single-parent families (Y8/Y10 only) 34%

Young carers 51%

SEN or LD 42%

Significantly different Not significantly different

9.2 Internet safety

Primary and secondary schools

83% of primary pupils and 93% of secondary pupils Chart 46: Percentage of primary and secondary responded that they have been told how to stay pupils in 2019 who responded that they have been safe while chatting online, while 69% and 71% told how to stay safe while chatting online and respectively say they always follow the advice they always follow the advice they have been given (as a have been given. % of all pupils)

Among primary school pupils, similar proportions of 100% Male boys and girls report that they have been told how Female to stay safe while chatting online and female pupils 80% are slightly more likely to report that they always follow this advice. 60% Among secondary school respondents, female 40% pupils were more likely to recall receiving this advice, and to follow the advice they have been given. 20% 63% 64% 72% 76% 73% 80% 61% 70% The table on the following page presents more 0% detailed questions about internet use, safety and the Year 4 Year 6 Year 8 Year 10 potential risks that arise from usage.

- 41 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

Table 22: Percentage of PRIMARY pupils responding ‘yes’ to the following questions about the Internet: Year 4 Year 6 Males Females Males Females Have you ever chatted on the Internet? 50% 37% 76% 64% Have you been told how to stay safe while chatting online? 76% 77% 89% 88% Have you been told how to stay safe while chatting online… 63% 64% 72% 76% and you always follow the advice you have been given? Have you been told how to stay safe while chatting online… 10% 6% 15% 8% and you know what the CEOP button is for? Have you ever met someone in real life whom you first met 23% 13% 23% 12% online? Table 23: Percentage of SECONDARY pupils responding ‘yes’ to the following questions about the Internet: Year8 Year10 Males Females Males Females a) Have you ever chatted on the Internet? 76% 72% 86% 82% b) Have you ever been told how to stay safe while chatting 90% 95% 92% 94% online? If yes, do you always follow the advice you have been given? 73% 80% 61% 70% Do you know what the CEOP button is for? 18% 13% 21% 14% c) Have you ever met someone in real life whom you first met 20% 15% 28% 31% online? If yes, were they quite a bit older than you? 4% 3% 5% 5% d) Have you ever looked online at pornography? 15% 4% 54% 13% e) Have you ever seen pictures online that upset you? 23% 34% 29% 44% f) Have you ever sent sexual images of yourself ('sexting')? 2% 1% 9% 10% g) Has someone who knows you ever sent 'sexting' images of 2% 1% 6% 6% you? h) Have you ever received 'sexting' images? 9% 11% 29% 40% …and sent them on to someone else? 0% 1% 3% 2% …and told a responsible adult? 1% 2% 1% 3% …and informed the person in the picture? 1% 1% 2% 2% …and deleted the images? 4% 6% 8% 14%

Comparisons 83% of primary pupils and 93% of secondary pupils responded that they have been told how to stay safe while chatting online, while 69% and 71% respectively say they always follow the advice they have been given. The equivalent figures in the reference sample for being given advice were 84% and 82%, while the figures for following advice were 80% and 73%.

- 42 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

9.4 Sunburn

Primary and secondary schools

Pupils were asked about precautions against Table 24: Percentage of pupils responding that they do the sunburn. following ‘usually’ or ‘whenever possible’ to avoid sunburn:

78% of primary pupils responded that they do something to avoid sunburn, while 72% of Primary Boys Primary Girls secondary pupils responded that they do 1 Put on sun screen 49% Put on sun screen 60% something to avoid sunburn. 2 Stay in the shade 38% Stay in the shade 47% 3 Wear a hat 29% Wear a hat 31% Precautions against sunburn were most 4 Wear long sleeves 26% Wear long sleeves 23% often taken by primary aged girls and least often by secondary aged boys; sun screen was the most commonly adopted measure. Secondary Boys Secondary Girls 1 Put on sunscreen 52% Put on sunscreen 65% 2 Stay in the shade 37% Stay in the shade 45% 3 Wear a hat 25% Wear a hat 20% 4 Wear long sleeves 14% Wear long sleeves 11%

Comparisons 78% of year 6 pupils and 72% of year 8 and year 10 pupils responded that they do something to avoid sunburn; these figures are higher than the 50% and 38% respectively that we see in the reference sample. These differences were reversed in the 2013 and 2015 results; the 2015 results were: 80% of year 6 pupils and 74% of year 8 and year 10 pupils in 2015 responded that they do something to avoid sunburn; these figures are lower than the 92% and 86% respectively that we saw in the 2014 reference sample.

- 43 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

9.5 Neighbourhood safety

Secondary schools

Secondary pupils were asked Table 25: Percentage of secondary pupils rating their safety at the following to rate their safety in different times as ‘good’ or ‘very good’ in the area where they live: settings on a scale from 'very Boys Girls good' to 'very poor'. 1 Going out during the day 85% Going out during the day 82% Young people find going out 2 Going to and from school 76% At school 76% after dark the least safe 3 At school 75% Going to and from school 73% situation in the area where 4 When using public transport 63% When using public transport 55% they live. 18% of respondents 5 Going out after dark 50% Going out after dark 40% rated their safety as ‘poor’ or ‘very poor’ in these Table 26: Percentage of pupils rating their safety at the following times as circumstances. ‘poor’ or ‘very poor’ in the area where they live: This was slightly more likely to be reported by female pupils. Boys Girls 1 Going out after dark 16% Going out after dark 19% 2 When using public transport 7% When using public transport 8% 3 At school 5% Going to and from school 4% 4 Going to and from school 5% At school 4% 5 Going out during the day 3% Going out during the day 2%

- 44 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

10 Domestic and sexual violence

10.1 Experiences of violence or aggression

Secondary schools Domestic violence and aggression Chart 47: Percentage of secondary pupils in 2019 who reported that there was ‘shouting and arguing’, 18% of secondary pupils responded that there ‘bullying/controlling behaviour’ and/or ‘violence’ at home was shouting and arguing at home in the month in the month before the survey, by gender. before the survey that worried them, while 10% said they ‘don’t know’ if there was. 40% 4% of pupils responded that there has been Male bullying/controlling behaviour at home in the Female month before the survey that worried them, while 8% said they 'don't know'. 20% 6% of secondary pupils responded that there was violence at home in the month before the 3% 4% survey, while 6% said they ‘don’t know’ if there 13% 23% 6% 6% 0% was. Shouting / Bullying / Violence More than 1 in 20 male and female secondary arguing controlling pupils reported witnessing violence in the home during the previous month. The proportion of female pupils that reported shouting or arguing that had frightened them, was more than 1 in 5 and higher than the response from male pupils to the same question. Relationship violence 45% of secondary pupils in 2019 said that Chart 48: If you heard that someone in your school year hitting your boy/girl friend is always wrong; 50% had been hit by their boyfriend or girlfriend, what might said that hitting anyone is always wrong. you think? There is a large disparity in responses from boys 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% and girls to these questions, as the chart I'd wait to hear more about adjacent illustrates. 43% it before deciding what to 4% of secondary pupils responded that they think 34% would think the person probably deserved it if Hitting your boy-/girl-friend 39% they got hit by their boy/girlfriend, while 38% is always wrong 52% would wait to hear more about it before deciding what to think. 6% They probably deserved it 3%

Hitting anyone is always 40% wrong 60%

7% males Other 5% females

- 45 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

School lessons on safety 54% of secondary pupils responded that they have found school lessons about safety ‘quite’ or ‘very’ useful; 9% have found them ‘not at all useful’ and 10% couldn’t remember any. Comparisons 54% of secondary pupils (years 8 and 10) responded that they have found school lessons about safety ‘quite’ or ‘very’ useful, which is similar to the 56% that we see in the reference sample.

Associations Table 27: Percentage of pupils agreeing that someone in their year who had been hit by their boyfriend or Students who said there was violence at home girlfriend ‘probably deserved it’ were more likely to agree that someone hit by a boy-/girl-friend ‘probably deserved it’. Males Females

Experienced violence at home 13% 7% No violence at home 7% 3%

Secondary pupils reporting that they had Table 28: Percentage of secondary pupils reporting a low witnessed shouting, arguing and/or violence in mental and emotional wellbeing score (WEMWBS 14-27), the home, that worried them, during the by their responses to the conflict in the home questions previous month, were significantly more likely to also report lower mental and emotional All year 8 & 10 pupils 9% wellbeing scores, than their peers. Witnessed shouting/arguments 37% Witnessed violence/hitting 16%

A significant association was also found Table 29: Percentage of secondary pupils reporting that between witnessing shouting, arguing, violence they hurt or cut themselves in response to problems, by and/or bullying/controlling behaviours in the their responses to the conflict in the home questions home, during the previous month, and the likelihood of reporting hurting or cutting All year 8 & 10 pupils 9% themselves as a means of responding to problems. Pupils witnessing any of these issues Witnessed shouting/arguments 21% in the home were more than twice as likely to Witnessed bullying/controlling behaviours 32% report self-harming behaviour. Witnessed violence/hitting 23%

- 46 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

11 Bullying

Chart 49: Percentage of primary and secondary 11.1 Perceptions of bullying pupils in 2019 who reported feeling afraid of going to school because of bullying at least 'sometimes' Primary and secondary schools (secondary: 'in the last month'), by year group and 37% of primary pupils reported they felt afraid of gender. going to school because of bullying at least 60% 'sometimes'. Female pupils were more likely to report Male this than male pupils and this difference was 50% Female statistically significant for primary school pupils 40% overall (Females = 43%, Males= 31%) 30% 14% of secondary pupils responded that they didn’t want to go to school because of bullying at least 20% ‘sometimes’ in the month before the survey. As 10% observed for primary school pupils, female pupils 36% 46% 27% 41% 10% 18% 9% 18% were more likely to report this than male pupils and 0% this difference was statistically significant for Year 4 Year 6 Year 8 Year 10 secondary school pupils overall (Females = 18%,

Males= 10%). The questions asked of primary and secondary pupils Comparisons were slightly different, but in general terms there 34% of year 6 pupils reported they felt afraid of appears to be an increased fear of bullying reported going to school because of bullying at least by younger pupils, compared to older year groups 'sometimes', which is higher than the 28% seen in responding to the survey, which is consistent with the reference sample. SHEU aggregate data (from similar surveys across the This difference was also found in 2015: 39% vs 29%. country) where the questions are the same in both phases.

- 47 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

11.2 Experience of bullying

Primary and secondary schools

We offered Table 30: Percentage of pupils responding that they have experienced the following at primary and least a ‘few times’/'sometimes' in the last month (top 10): secondary pupils a list of Primary Boys Primary Girls behaviours 1 Pushed/hit 54% Pushed/hit 45% associated with Teased/made fun of (in a way they 40% Teased/made fun of (in a way they 42% 2 bullying. didn't like) didn't like) The wording in 3 Called nasty names 38% Called nasty names 37% the primary 4 Ganged up on 30% Ganged up on 26% questionnaire was 5 Touched in ways they didn't like 27% Their belongings taken/broken 25% 'a few times' and 6 Their belongings taken/broken 23% Touched in ways they didn't like 24% in the secondary Called 'gay' in a nasty way (whether 22% Threatened in other ways 15% 7 questionnaire they are gay or not) 'sometimes'. Threatened in other ways 19% Received a hurtful, unwanted or nasty 11% 8 text, call or voicemail on their phone Received a hurtful, unwanted or nasty 11% Called 'gay' in a nasty way (whether 10% 9 text, call or voicemail on their phone they are gay or not) Nasty comments made about them on 8% Nasty comments made about them on 7% 10 a social networking site a social networking site

Secondary Boys Secondary Girls Teased/made fun of (in a way they 40% Teased/made fun of (in a way they 49% 1 didn't like) didn't like) 2 Pushed/hit 35% Called nasty names 38% 3 Called nasty names 34% Pushed/hit 27% Called 'gay' in a nasty way (whether 27% Received a hurtful, unwanted or nasty 23% 4 they are gay or not) message Their belongings taken/broken 15% Received a hurtful, unwanted or nasty 18% 5 text, call or voicemail on their phone Experienced sexual comments, jokes, 14% Experienced sexual comments, jokes, 17% 6 gestures (in a way they didn't like) gestures (in a way they didn't like) 7 Received a hoax call 13% Ganged up on 16% 8 Ganged up on 13% Their belongings taken/broken 16% 9 Threatened for some other reason 12% Received a hoax call 13% Received a hurtful, unwanted or nasty 9% Called 'gay' in a nasty way (whether 11% 10 message they are gay or not)

- 48 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

72% of primary pupils and 68% of secondary Chart 50: Percentage of primary and secondary pupils in pupils reported they had experienced at 2019 reporting experience of behaviours associated with least one of these bullying or aggressive bullying, in the last month, at least 'a few behaviours in the last month, either 'a few times'/'sometimes', by year group and gender. times'/'sometimes' or more often. 100% Male Female 80%

60%

40%

20% 80% 75% 69% 66% 66% 66% 66% 72% 0% Year 4 Year 6 Year 8 Year 10

Variation in Bristol - Pupils reporting experiences of bullying often/daily in the last month Chart 51: Variation chart: percentages of respondents reporting they were bullied often/daily in the last month, all and by group. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Average for all schools 30%

Primary (Y4 & Y6) 30%

Secondary (Y8 & Y10) 29%

Male 31%

Female 28%

Minority ethnic group 27%

LGBT+ group (Y10 only) 50%

Disability or long-term illness 39%

Free School Meals 35%

Children in care (Y8/Y10 only) 43%

Single-parent families (Y8/Y10 only) 31%

Young carers 46%

SEN or LD 38%

Significantly different Not significantly different

- 49 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

11.3 Reasons for being bullied or picked on

Primary and secondary schools

Children and young people in both primary Table 31: Percentage of respondents reporting they felt they and secondary schools were asked why they were picked on or bullied for any of the following reasons? thought they were being bullied or picked on. The following list of reasons was offered Primary Boys Primary Girls to them: 1 Their size or weight 8% The way they look 10%  I am not being bullied 2 The way they look 8% Their size or weight 9%  Your size or weight 3 Other 4% Because of how they 5%

 The way you look get on in lessons  The clothes you wear 4 Because of how 4% Other 5% they get on in  Your race, colour or religion lessons  Your family (secondary only) 5 Your race, colour or 3% The clothes you wear 3%  A disability religion  Because of how I get on in lessons (I find them quite easy or quite hard) Secondary Boys Secondary Girls  Your sexuality e.g. being gay 1 Their size or weight 11% The way they look 20% (secondary only) 2 The way they look 9% Their size or weight 15%  Being male or female (primary ‘being 3 Because of how 5% Because of how they 9% a boy or a girl) they get on in get on in lessons  Other lessons 4 Other 3% Their family 5% The most common reasons given for being 5 The clothes they 3% The clothes they 5% picked on our bullied were The way you wear wear look and Size or weight.

11.4 Schools' response to bullying

Primary and secondary schools

80% of primary pupils responded that their school Chart 52: Percentage of primary and secondary thinks bullying is important, while 4% said their pupils in 2019 who reported their school thinks school doesn’t think it is. The rest, (16%) are unsure. bullying is important (primary) / school takes bullying 'fairly’ or ‘very seriously' (secondary).

53% of secondary pupils reported they think their 100% Male school takes bullying at least fairly seriously. 80% Female 39% of secondary pupils responded that they have 60% found school lessons about bullying ‘quite’ or ‘very’ useful; 18% have found them ‘not at all useful’ and 40% 13% couldn’t remember any. 20% Comparisons 78% 79% 81% 82% 64% 56% 49% 43% 0% 39% of secondary pupils (years 8 and 10) Year 4 Year 6 Year 8 Year 10 responded that they have found school lessons about bullying ‘quite’ or ‘very’ useful, which is the same as the 39% seen in the reference sample.

- 50 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

Associations - bullying & wellbeing Chart 53: Percentages of pupils with ‘medium-low’ wellbeing scores, by frequency of bullying Comparing the responses to the question on the experiences and year group frequency with which bullying behaviours were experienced, with the scores achieved for mental Year 4 24-35: Med-low and emotional wellbeing*, allows us to investigate Year 6 24-35: Med-low the association between bullying and wellbeing. Year 8 28 - 41 (med-low) Within the survey response data there is a marked Year 10 28 - 41 (med-low) and consistent association between lower wellbeing scores and experience of bullying behaviours, where 70% individuals experiencing more frequent bullying are more likely to report lower wellbeing scores and 60% less likely to report higher scores. 50% On the chart opposite, we can see the lower wellbeing lines generally climb, as the frequency of

low low wellbeing score 40%

bullying increases from left to right. -

We cannot tell from these figures if bullying has a 30% detrimental effect on wellbeing, or if pupils with poor emotional wellbeing are more likely to be 20% bullied, or both. 10% *Secondary pupils were assessed using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale 0% (WEMWBS) and primary pupils the Stirling of % pupilswith a medium Never/hardly Sometimes Often Every day Children’s Wellbeing Scale (SCWBS). ever Frequency of bullying

11.5 Responses to bullying

Primary schools

41% of primary pupils responded that they told a Table 32: Percentage of primary pupils responding parent/carer about the negative behaviour they that they told the following people about the have experienced, while 18% said they told a negative behaviour they experienced (top 5): member of staff at school. 15% reported telling no- one about their experience. Primary Boys Primary Girls 1 Parent/carer 39% Parent/carer 42% 2 No-one 18% A friend 22% A friend 18% A member of 18% 3 staff at school A member of 18% No-one 12% 4 staff at school 5 Brother/sister 9% Brother/sister 11%

- 51 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

11.6 Playtimes

Primary schools

79% of primary pupils said they often or always feel Chart 54: Percentage of primary pupils in 2019 who happy during school playtimes, and 82% said they reported often or always feel safe during school often or always feel safe. playtimes, by year group and gender. 100% 80% 60% Males 40% Females 20% 79% 84% 85% 83% 0% Year 4 Year 6 Trends over time

The proportion of primary pupils in Bristol who say Chart 55: Percentage of primary pupils who 'always' they 'always' feel happy during school break times feel happy during school break times, in each wave of has been slightly higher in the most recent waves of the survey 2008-2019. the study. 60%

50%

40% 46% 43% 44% 41% 40% 40% 30%

20%

10%

0%

- 52 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

12 Personal Social and Health Education

12.1 Enjoyment of school

Primary and secondary schools

65% of primary pupils responded that they enjoy Chart 56: Percentage of primary pupils that enjoy school lessons ‘most’ or ‘all’ of the time. their lessons ‘most’ or ‘all of the time’, and secondary pupils who enjoy all or most of their school lessons, 6% of primary pupils responded that they enjoy by year group and gender, 2019. school lessons ‘hardly any’ of the time. 35% of secondary pupils responded that they enjoy 100% ‘most’ or ‘all’ of their lessons at school. Male 80% 17% of secondary pupils responded that they enjoy Female ‘hardly any’ of their lessons at school. 60%

Comparisons 40% 61% of year 6 pupils and 35% of secondary pupils 20% responded that they enjoy school lessons ‘most’ or 64% 75% 57% 66% 36% 36% 39% 31% ‘all’ of the time, compared to 60% and 33% seen in 0% the reference sample. Year 4 Year 6 Year 8 Year 10 12.2 Useful school lessons

Secondary schools Secondary school pupils were Table 33: Percentage of all secondary pupils (ages 12-15y) rating the asked about topics in PSHE and usefulness of school lessons on different topics whether lessons they recalled Can't Not Some Quite Very were at all useful. remember at all use useful useful any useful They were offered the following Managing money 43% 18% 23% 10% 5% options: Citizenship 38% 15% 28% 13% 5%  Can’t remember any Drug education 10% 11% 33% 30% 15%  Not at all useful (including alcohol and tobacco)

 Some use Contraception and pregnancy 17% 14% 29% 26% 13%

 Quite useful Sexually transmitted infections 24% 15% 25% 23% 12%

 Very useful Other aspects of sex and relationships 17% 15% 31% 25% 11% Lessons about Safety, Physical Mental health and well-being 15% 14% 29% 27% 15% activity and Drug education are Bullying 13% 18% 29% 24% 15% considered the most useful on Healthy eating 12% 15% 30% 26% 16% the list overall. (The top three are Cooking 16% 14% 24% 25% 19% the same as in 2015.) At least a Physical activity 11% 10% 24% 30% 24% third of pupils rated lessons on Safety 10% 9% 26% 28% 26% all the topics as ‘quite useful’ or ‘very useful’, except for those relating to managing money and citizenship. Year 10 pupils also rated well their lessons about Contraception and pregnancy.

- 53 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

Associations Pupils who rate their drug education lessons as ‘useful’ to some extent are much less likely to use drugs, a finding we have found in other data sets (http://sheu.org.uk/content/page/report-drugs); the direction of causation cannot be identified from this analysis, and it may be that drug users do not consider such lessons useful. Variation in Bristol - Pupils who found PSHE lessons on 6+ topics at least of some use – Secondary pupils only

Chart 57: Variation chart: percentages of respondents in years 8 & 10 only, who found PSHE lessons on 6+ topics at least of ‘some use’, all and by group. 0 10 20 30 40

Average for all schools 28%

Secondary (Y8 & Y10) 28%

Male 26%

Female 29%

Minority ethnic group 29%

LGBT+ group (Y10 only) 33%

Disability or long-term illness 28%

Free School Meals 30%

Children in care (Y8/Y10 only) 15%

Single-parent families (Y8/Y10 only) 33%

Young carers 35%

SEN or LD 29%

Significantly different Not significantly different

- 54 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

12.3 Pupil perceptions

Primary and secondary schools

Pupils were offered a list of statements about Table 34: Percentage responding 'yes' to the school and were asked if they agreed or not. following statements, by phase Primary pupils are most likely to agree that ‘my Pri Sec The school cares whether I am happy or work is marked so I can see how to improve it’ and 65% 35% not least likely to agree that ‘the school encourages me My work is marked so I can see how to to contribute to community events.’ 87% 66% improve it Secondary pupils are most likely to agree that My I know my targets and I am helped to 71% 53% work is marked so I can see how to improve it and meet them least likely to agree that The school teaches me how My achievements in and out of school 58% 40% to deal with my feelings positively. are recognised The school teaches me how to deal with Throughout, secondary school pupils are less likely 61% 30% to agree with these positive statements than were my feelings positively The school helps me work as part of a primary school pupils. 74% 45% team All of these features of the results were found in In this school, people with different 67% 63% previous waves of the survey. backgrounds are valued The school encourages everyone to take part in (secondary: contribute to) 73% 56% decisions, e.g. class discussions or school council The school encourages me to take part in (secondary: contribute to) community 54% 38% events The school prepares me for when I leave 67% 52% this school

- 55 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

Absence from school 48% of primary pupils and 52% of secondary pupils said they had been absent from school in the last month. Pupils were asked about reasons for absence, and illness or injury came top of the list for both primary and secondary pupils with about a third of all pupils giving this reason. Taking a day-trip or holiday during term time were the reason for 16% of the absences reported by primary pupils, much less often by secondary pupils.

Table 35: Percentage of primary pupils responding that they have been away from school due to the following reasons in the last month (top 5): Boys Girls 1 Ill or injured 29 Ill or injured 30 2 Appointments doctor/dentist 22 Appointments doctor/dentist 23 3 Day trip/holiday in term time 16 Day trip/holiday in term time 16 4 Helping/looking after someone at home 7 Worries about being bullied 6 5 Their birthday 7 Shopping 5

Table 36: Percentage of secondary pupils responding that they have been away from school due to the following reasons in the last month (top 5): Boys Girls 1 Ill or injured 35 Ill or injured 36 2 Appointments doctor/dentist 19 Appointments doctor/dentist 24 3 Day trip/holiday in term time 5 I had my period 10 4 Worries about school 2 Day trip/holiday in term time 7 5 Worries about being bullied 2 Worries about school 6

10% of secondary females had been absent in the last month because they had their period. One aspect which was asked for specifically in 2019 was about period poverty – the situation where school absence arises among young women who cannot afford sanitary products. A supplementary question was asked of females, If you ever missed school because of having a period, why was this? The figures in the table below relate to the 10% who said they had been absent because of a period. Affordability was the least frequent of all reasons at 0.4% (3 students of 764), but being without suitable sanitary products was reported by 3% of these young women.

Table 37: Percentage of secondary females who said that they have missed school because of having a period giving the following details (all): 1 I was in pain and not feeling well 44 2 Because I didn’t want to do PE/Games 14 3 I was embarrassed to come to school 6 4 I didn’t have a sanitary towel/tampon 3 5 Other reason 3 6 Can’t afford to buy sanitary towel/tampons <1

- 56 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

13 Economic Wellbeing

13.1 Employment

Secondary schools

14% of the pupils in this survey have a regular paid Chart 58: Percentage of secondary pupils in 2019 job during term-time. who reported they have a regular paid job during term-time, by year group and gender.

40% The average length of time spent working last week by those who have paid work was about 4 hours. Males Females

20%

11% 11% 15% 18% 0% Year 8 Year 10

Among types of work, babysitting was reported Table 38: Most common forms of work (in order), % most often by girls. of all respondents:

7% of secondary pupils responded that they got paid more than £10 in the week before the survey from Boys Girls their regular paid work. 1 Other work 3% Babysitting 4% 2 Paid housework 2% Other work 2% 15% of pupils responded that they have found 3 Paper/milk round 2% Paid housework 2% school lessons about managing money 'quite' or

'very' useful; 18% said they have found them 'not at all useful' and 43% couldn't remember any. Trends over time

There was a marked and unexplained peak of regular Chart 59: Percentage of secondary pupils who earning among secondary school pupils in 2010, but reported regular paid term-time job, in each wave of no discernible trend after then. the survey 2008-2019.

40% 35% 35% 30% 25% 21% 20% 18% 20% 17% 15% 14% 15% 10% 5% 0%

- 57 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

13.2 Aspirations

Secondary schools

Pupils were asked what they intended to do once Chart 60: Percentage of Year 10 pupils in 2019 by they can leave school. response to the question: ‘Once you can leave school, what do you want to do?’, by year group and Nearly 40% of Year 10 pupils wanted to stay in full- gender. time education, an aspiration a little more common among female than male pupils (female = 40%, 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% male = 36%). 16% of Year 10 pupils responded that Male they did not want to stay in full-time education, but a Continue in full-time 36% large proportion (43%) did not know at the moment. Female education? 40% A slightly higher proportion of Year 10 pupils (48%) report that they intend to get training for a skilled Find a job a soon as you 39% job at the end of Year 11, than envisage continuing can? in education. 39% Just over 40% of Year 10 pupils reported that they Get training for a skilled 57% would find a job as soon as possible. job? 55%

Stay in the 24% neighbourhood where you live? 22%

Variation in Bristol - Pupils not intending to stay in education – Secondary only

Chart 61: Variation chart: percentages of respondents reporting they do not intend to stay in full-time education at the end of secondary school, all and by group.

0 10 20 30 40 50

Average for all schools 16%

Secondary (Y8 & Y10) 16%

Male 19%

Female 13%

Minority ethnic group 13%

LGBT+ group (Y10 only) 10%

Disability or long-term illness 20%

Free School Meals 17%

Children in care (Y8/Y10 only) 42%

Single-parent families (Y8/Y10 only) 15%

Young carers 22%

SEN or LD 15%

Significantly different Not significantly different

- 58 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

14 Active Involvement

14.1 Participation

Primary and secondary schools 54% of primary pupils think that the school Chart 62: Percentage of primary and secondary encourages them to take part in community pupils who think that the school encourages them to events and 38% of secondary pupils think that the contribute to community events school encourages them to contribute to community events. 100%

Comparisons 80% The statistics above are similar to the 60% and 35% 60% seen in the reference sample. 40%

20% 54% 38% 0%

Primary Secondary

14.2 Pupils' voice

Primary and secondary schools

73% of primary pupils and 56% of secondary pupils Chart 63: Percentage of primary and secondary either 'agreed' or 'strongly agreed' that their school pupils in 2019 who agreed that their school encourages everyone to take part in decisions encourages everyone to take part in decisions, by (primary = ‘yes’) year group and gender.

100% Male Female 80%

60%

40%

20% 68% 71% 76% 77% 59% 65% 49% 49% 0% Year 4 Year 6 Year 8 Year 10

- 59 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

Trends over time

Generally, the proportions of pupils in Bristol who Chart 64: Percentage of primary and secondary pupils agree that their school encourages everyone to take who agreed that their school encourages everyone to part in decisions have remained fairly consistent over take part in decisions, in each wave of the survey time. 2008-2019.

74% 80% 72% 73% 73% 71% 73%

70% 60%

50% 58% 57% 56% 56% 56% 53% 54% 40% 30%

20% Primary 10% Secondary 0%

Variation in Bristol - Pupils that do not feel listened to in school

Chart 65: Variation chart: percentages of respondents reporting that they do not feel listened to at school, all and by group. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Average for all schools 45%

Secondary (Y8 & Y10) 45%

Male 45%

Female 45%

Minority ethnic group 49%

LGBT+ group (Y10 only) 61%

Disability or long-term illness 44%

Free School Meals 50%

Children in care (Y8/Y10 only) 46%

Single-parent families (Y8/Y10 only) 52%

Young carers 51%

SEN or LD 45%

Significantly different Not significantly different

- 60 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

15 Methods and analysis

15.1 The response in 2019

The report arises from a survey of children and young people in primary and secondary schools in Bristol conducted in the academic year 2018-19, following earlier surveys in 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013 and 2015. Over 8,000 young people took part in the survey Table 39: Response to Pupil Voice Survey 2019, by from 69 schools, including 6,692 pupils from the year year group and gender groups shown in the table. 2018-2019 Primary Secondary Year 4 Year 6 Year 8 Year 10 External validity; participation, coverage and Ages 8-9y 10-11y 12-13y 14-15y representation Whether the results of this survey can be taken to Male 795 805 878 792 represent a true reflection of the feelings, opinions Female 730 832 906 695 and lifestyles of the pupils in Bristol schools more Transgender 8 3 9 12 widely, depends in part on the quality of survey and Not sure 12 11 26 26 question design, but also the number of respondents, Don't want to say 35 30 26 18 the proportion of schools and pupils that [Not provided] 4 6 21 12 participated and whether those responding can reasonably be considered to represent the Total 1,584 1,687 1,866 1,555 population of interest, in this case, key stage 2 to 4 % of sample 23.7% 25.2% 27.9% 23.2% pupils attending Bristol schools.

The rest of this section provides a summary of analyses and statistics designed to describe the nature and size of the response to the Pupil Voice survey in 2019. Where possible comparisons are made between what we know about the survey respondents, and the wider school population of Bristol. This information should allow for a consideration of the merits of the survey response in terms of how representative or not it might be of that wider population of the city, and what to bear in mind when interpreting the results.

Participating schools Chart 66: Response to Pupil Voice Survey 2019, % of pupils responding by school type All Bristol schools with key stage 2 to 4 pupils (academic years 3 to 11) are eligible to participate in the Pupil Voice survey. Approximately 40% of Bristol schools participated in 2019. All types of schools in the city participated (including independent/private schools and alternative/special provision) but the vast majority of the response (97%) came from might be referred to as mainstream state schools. Approximately half of all such primary and secondary schools in Bristol participated in Pupil Voice 2019.

- 61 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

Participating pupils - Coverage Detailed demographic data is only available within Bristol City Council on mainstream state school pupils, therefore comparisons of responders and non-responders, at a school or pupil scale are only possible within the scope of the mainstream schools that contributed 97% of the response.

Chart 67: Pupil Voice 2019 response rate, of all mainstream schools in scope for Pupil Voice (KS2/3/4), by key stage and academic year

Approximately 20% of all key stage 2 to 4 pupils in mainstream state schools in Bristol responded to the Pupil Voice survey in 2019. Nearly double that proportion (38%) responded overall from the four academic years that the survey is designed to focus on (years 4, 6, 8 and 10).

Chart 68: Pupil Voice 2019 response rate, of all mainstream schools that participated in Pupil Voice (KS2/3/4), by key stage and academic year

Within the participating Bristol mainstream state schools overall, just under 40% of all key stage 2 to 4 pupils responded to the Pupil Voice survey in 2019. In the focus years for the survey (years 4, 6, 8 and 10), in participating schools just under three-quarters of pupils (74%) took part in the survey.

- 62 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

Participating pupils & wider pupil population – Gender and ethnicity The charts below compare the gender and ethnicity of respondents to the Pupil Voice survey in 2019, to what is known about the total pupil population of mainstream state schools in Bristol from the regular pupil census, using results from the May 2019 census. In addition to considering the levels of coverage, exploring the similarities (or otherwise) between the distribution of demographic characteristics in the responding pupil cohort, and the total pupil population provides useful indications as to whether it is reasonable to assume that inferences taken from the survey response may also apply to the wider pupil population in the city.

Chart 69: Comparing gender and ethnicity characteristics of Pupil Voice respondents to all pupils in Bristol mainstream state schools (KS2/3/4)

By and large, the respondent population can be considered similar in terms of the gender and ethnicity breakdown presented in the chart above, to the wider pupil population and all groups were represented within the response to some degree. There was a statistically significant, albeit relatively small in absolute terms, overrepresentation of White British respondents (64% of the response, 62% of the population) at the expense of the BAME (28% of the response, 30% of the population) and non-White British groups (36% of the response, 38% of the population), who were similarly underrepresented within the response cohort.

Chart 70: % of schools responding to Pupil Voice 2019, by deprivation quintile of school Participating schools & wider pupil (average pupil IMD 2015 deprivation score), population – Deprivation mainstream Bristol state primary and In Bristol, for public health analysis purposes, the secondary schools - Weighted by pupil mainstream state schools are allocated a deprivation numbers quintile, based on the average deprivation score (IMD 2015) for the pupils recorded as attending each school on the latest pupil census, which is derived from the lower super output area (LSOA) of residence for each pupil. Charts 70, 71 and 72 on this and the following page provide an indication of the school participation rates by deprivation quintile, the analysis weighted by the pupil population of the schools involved to allow for the variation in the sizes of schools across the city.

- 63 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

Chart 71: % of schools responding to Pupil Voice These charts provide an approximate indication of 2019, by deprivation quintile of school (average pupil whether the participating schools can be considered IMD 2015 deprivation score), mainstream Bristol state to represent the spectrum of deprivation across the primary schools - Weighted by pupil numbers city’s schools more broadly.

In broad terms, and in the context of a comparison and method used here that can only ever provide an approximation, then overall for the mainstream state primary and secondary schools in Bristol (chart 70 – on the previous page), there is a reasonably even distribution of school participation across the deprivation range. There is representation of all quintiles. There is a slight gradient in terms of around 10% higher participation of schools at the more deprived end of the range, and slightly more of a skew in the same direction examining the primary schools in isolation (chart 71). Chart 72: % of schools responding to Pupil Voice Considering the secondary schools in isolation (chart 2019, by deprivation quintile of school (average pupil 72) there is a more variation in participation between IMD 2015 deprivation score), mainstream Bristol state the deprivation quintiles, with a slight skew towards secondary schools - Weighted by pupil numbers the less deprived end of the range.

Deprivation is associated with the prevalence of many public health problems and risk factors, but to a varying degree and often in conjunction with various confounding and/or protective factors. Therefore, it is likely that while the skew towards more or less deprivation apparent from this analysis of participating schools will have some effect on the results derived from the survey results overall, and the extent to which the results are representative of the wider population of the city, it would be impossible to predict or adjust for this precisely due to the complexity and heterogeneity of the issues in question. Given the importance of deprivation as a factor in poorer public health outcomes, this potential skew to the responses needs to be borne in mind when interpreting survey results, especially if attempting to draw conclusions from them to apply to the wider pupil population, or city as a whole.

- 64 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

15.2 Variation in the Bristol survey

For every headline figure it is likely that important variation exists underneath. For example, when you look at numbers not eating enough fruit and vegetables there may be differences between boys and girls, between ethnic groups, or between pupils in single-parent families and their peers. Throughout the report we have selected key behaviours and looked at the variation in those behaviours between important sub-groups. These sub-groups within the population responding to the Pupil Voice survey are described in more detail on pages 7 to 10 of this document, and summarised in the next two tables: Table 40: Description of Analysis Groups Primary Year 4 and Year 6 Secondary Year 8 and Year 10 Male Responded with 'boy' (primary) or 'male' (secondary) Female Responded with 'girl' or 'female' Minority ethnic group Any group given other than White British LGBT+ group (Year 10 only) Lesbian/Gay, Bisexual, Transgender or other Disability or long-term illness Responded 'yes' to Do you have a long-standing illness or disability? Free school meals Currently receiving free school meals Children in care (Years 8 & 10 only) Live with foster carers or in residential care Single parent families (Years 8 & 10 only) Live mainly or only with Mum, or Live mainly or only with Dad Young carers Identify as young carer Special educational need or learning difficulty (SEN or LD) Responded 'yes' to Do you have a special educational need or a learning difficulty?

- 65 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

The resulting sample sizes for each group are: Table 41: Frequency of analysis groups % of all pupils

N (or * of appropriate phase/year group) All respondents 6,692 Primary 3,271 48.9% Secondary 3,421 51.1% Male 3,270 48.9% Female 3,163 47.3% Minority ethnic group 2,288 34.2% LGBT+ group 135 1.9% Disability or long-term illness 417 6.2% Free school meals 871 13% Children in care (Secondary only) 16 0.2% Single parent families (Secondary only) 605 9% Young carer 498 7.4% SEN or LD 613 9.2% For charts referring to both primary and secondary school pupils, an individual respondent will be a member of at least two of the above sub-groups, and possibly several more, depending on their answers to the demographic filter questions in the survey. These categories are not therefore mutually exclusive. All the sub- groups will be part of the ‘all respondents’ or ‘average for all schools’ response group presented at the top of the chart. Small sample sizes (such as those for children in care and those identified from year 10 as LGBT+) are liable to produce more extreme results. Comparisons with these groups should be interpreted carefully and in context of these relatively small sample sizes. Behaviours The results from these analyses are given as 'variation charts' in each section, which appear as below: Table 42: List of variation charts Section Variation chart indicator

Food & Nutrition Eat fewer than 5 portions of fruit and/or vegetables per day (on the day before the survey) Physical activity Not physically active (for half-an-hour or more) every day. Less than 9 hours’ sleep last night. More than 3 hours of screen time on the day before the survey Sexual Health Did not know (or were unsure) how to access sexual health services (secondary only) Substance misuse Drank alcohol in the last 4 weeks Smoked in the last week Ever taken illegal drugs School attitudes and Found PSHE lessons on 6+ topics 'not at all useful’ or could not recall experiences the lesson (secondary only) Emotional health & wellbeing Assessed with a low wellbeing score Health & Hygiene Teeth filled or removed Safety Unintentional injury in last year Bullying Bullied often/daily Economic wellbeing Do not intend to stay in full-time education Active involvement Do not feel listened to at school (secondary only)

- 66 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

These charts provide the overall figure for all available respondents (first bar) followed by the percentages for the behaviour for each sub-group. In a small number of instances, where a variation chart refers to just primary or just secondary pupils, the ‘average for all schools’ and the sub-groups presented on the chart refers just to these academic years. In all other instances the ‘average for all schools’ refers to primary and secondary school responses combined. Some of the sub-groups identified on these charts are only known or presented in relation to secondary pupils (children in care and children living in single parent families). All other sub-groups; male, female, ethnic minority, pupils reporting a disability and/or long term illness, pupils in receipt of free school meals, young carers and pupils reporting a SEN (statement of educational need) and/or LD (learning disability), include pupils from all the year groups included in the analyses for this report (years 4, 6, 8 and 10). Without being overly deterministic, every chart is designed so that in general a high % reflects a poorer or less desirable outcome or exposure, and a lower % is a more desirable result. Statistical significance testing* has been performed, and where a group has an average value for the indicator that is significantly different to the average for all respondents, this is indicated by a slightly darker tone on the bar. *Statistically significant at p<0.05

Variation in Bristol - Example chart

Chart 73: Variation chart: (EXAMPLE) percentages of pupils, all and by group

0 10 20 30 40

Average for all schools 25%

Primary (Y4 & Y6) 28%

Secondary (Y8 & Y10) 22%

Male 25%

Female 25%

Minority ethnic group 24%

LGBT+ group (Y10 only) 20%

Disability or long-term illness 23%

Free School Meals 20%

Children in care (Y8/Y10 only) 33%

Single-parent families (Y8/Y10 only) 18%

Young carers 27%

SEN or LD 23%

Significantly different Not significantly different

- 67 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

15.3 Trends over time

This study follows 5 previous exercises since 2008. Table 43: Sample sizes in each wave of the survey 2008-2019. The sample sizes for each wave of the study are shown in the table. 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 2015 2019 The figures from the most recent study can be Yr 4 1073 1456 1266 925 1034 1373 1584 compared with figures from previous surveys, and it Yr 6 1352 1562 1316 1014 1002 1631 1687 may be possible to see trends. In total, responses from 32,734 pupils are shown in this report. Yr 8 819 1126 981 716 844 1323 1866 Yr 10 914 1290 514 586 931 994 1555 For instance, the proportion of primary pupils in Total 4158 5434 4077 3241 3811 5321 6692 Bristol in 2019 who had a school lunch on the day before the survey was 45%, which is a slight increase from the 2015 figure of 43%. We can see this increase in the context of previous results for primary and secondary pupils, and these are shown on the chart. Chart 74: Percentage of primary and secondary pupils who reported having had a school meal on the day The differences between (say) 2019 and 2015 are before the survey, in each wave of the survey 2008- not large, but are judged statistically to be likely to 2019. reflect a genuine change in the tendency to choose a school meal and not random fluctuation in the 50% 45% results from the two surveys. We have marked on 43% 45% the charts the 95% confidence intervals, but just as 41% important is the representativeness of each year's 40% 36% 36% 32% sample, as a different selection of schools took part 35% 30% 38% in the survey in each wave. 36% 30% 34% 33% 31% 31% Statistical testing can help us appreciate the 25% 29% Primary precision of our estimate based on the size of the 20% Secondary sample that responded to the survey. It cannot 15% account for differences in the characteristics of 10% those schools that responded, compared to all schools in the city. This applies to all trends shown 5% in this report. 0%

- 68 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

15.4 Comparisons

The Bristol figures have been compared, where Table 44: Reference sample numbers (and possible, with a reference sample, comprised of a year groups) from 2018, used for compilation of survey areas that have completed comparisons to the results from the 2019 similar versions of the questionnaire in 2018, Bristol Pupil Voice survey. comprising information from over 1000 schools. This is the sample used for the forthcoming SHEU publication Young People into 20195. Year group Males Females Total Y4 age 8–9 6569 6370 12939

Y6 age 10–11 10686 10436 21122 Y8 age 12–13 10074 10135 20209 Y10 age 14–15 8694 8404 17098 Totals 36023 35345 71368

Each year, the Schools Health Education Unit (SHEU) produce a report of aggregate school survey results using similar surveys in their Young People series, often referred to by news media as ‘national data’. The studies that give rise to the reports are large, numerous, and from many parts of the United Kingdom, but they do not form a deliberately-selected sample. The origin and structure of these surveys is described fully in each annual report. The local authorities that took part in studies during 2018/19 were: Table 45: List of local authorities contributing to reference sample Bristol Bury Cambridgeshire Dudley Essex Greenwich Hertfordshire Knowsley Lambeth Luton Middlesbrough North Yorkshire Northampton Peterborough Plymouth Redcar and Cleveland Richmond Somerset Stockton-on-Tees Wolverhampton Despite the 'accidental' nature of the sample, the characteristics of the schools in the sample is reasonably similar to the population of all schools nationally and the results seen in the SHEU annual data sets typically matches survey outcomes from other data-collection agencies using structured or random sampling. Evidence supporting this claim can also be found in the SHEU reports. For the purposes of the comparisons in this summary report between statistics for Bristol and the reference sample it is fair to assume that the reference sample is reasonably representative of national average values.

For more details please contact the Schools Health Education Unit (www.sheu.org.uk).

- 69 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

15.5 Measuring emotional wellbeing

Mental and emotional wellbeing is a concept that is challenging to quantify, and to compare between individuals or groups within the population. A number of survey tools have been developed for this purpose and two were used in the Pupil Voice survey in 2019, both widely used and recognised to be reliable for the age-groups in question. They are similar in construction and purpose, designed and validated for their target populations. A series of questions are used to derive a mental wellbeing score for the respondent, and enables their mental wellbeing to be compared to others, or a change over time to be assessed. Neither survey tool is a clinical screening device, although lower scores may indicate poor mental health and correlate with other tools designed for that purpose. Table 46: Wellbeing scale items

Primary schools Secondary schools Stirling Children's Wellbeing Scale (SCWBS) Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) The Stirling Children's Wellbeing Scale was developed by the Stirling Council Educational The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale6 Psychology Service (UK) as a holistic, positively- was developed by colleagues at the Universities of worded measure of emotional and psychological Warwick and Edinburgh as a holistic, positively- well-being in children aged eight to 15 years. It worded measure of emotional and psychological was designed by Ian Liddle and Greg Carter for well-being for adults. The full version has been Stirling and Clackmannanshire Councils and was tested and authorised for use with school pupils as published in 2010 (ibid.). young as 13. The survey tool requires respondents to report how The survey tool requires respondents to report how frequently they have felt the following in the frequently they have felt the following in the previous two weeks, and scores the responses: previous two weeks, and scores the responses:  I think good things will happen in my life  I’ve been feeling optimistic about the future  I have always told the truth  I’ve been feeling useful  I’ve been able to make choices easily  I’ve been feeling relaxed  I can find lots of fun things to do  I’ve been feeling interested in other people  I feel that I am good at some things  I’ve had energy to spare  I think lots of people care about me  I’ve been dealing with problems well  I like everyone I have met  I’ve been thinking clearly  I think there are many things I can be  I’ve been feeling good about myself proud of  I’ve been feeling close to other people  I’ve been feeling calm  I’ve been feeling confident  I’ve been in a good mood  I’ve been able to make up my own mind  I enjoy what each new day brings about things  I’ve been getting on well with people  I’ve been feeling loved  I always share my sweets  I’ve been interested in new things  I’ve been cheerful about things  I’ve been feeling cheerful

 I’ve been feeling relaxed

- 70 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

1 United Kingdom Chief Medical Officers’ commentary on ‘Screen-based activities and children and young people’s mental health and psychosocial wellbeing: a systematic map of reviews’ https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/777026/ UK_CMO_commentary_on_screentime_and_social_media_map_of_reviews.pdf (Accessed 08 Aug 2019)

2 Matricciani,L et al. (2013). Children's Sleep Needs: Is There Sufficient Evidence to Recommend Optimal Sleep for Children? Sleep, 36(4), pp.527–534, https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.2538

3 NHS Choices (2017). How much sleep do kids need? Available at: http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/Childrenssleep/Pages/howmuchsleep.aspx. [Accessed 26 May 2017]

4 Liddle,I & Carter,G (2010). Emotional and Psychological Wellbeing in Children: The Standardisation of the Stirling Children's Wellbeing Scale. Stirling: Stirling and Clackmannanshire Councils.

5 Balding,AD & Regis,D (2019). Young People into 2019. Exeter: SHEU. ISBN 978-1-902445-54-X

6 Tennant,R Hiller,L Fishwick,R Platt,S Joseph,S Weich,S ... & Stewart-Brown,S (2007). 'The Warwick- Edinburgh mental well-being scale (WEMWBS): development and UK validation.' Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 5(1), p.63

- 71 - Bristol City Council Bristol Pupil Voice Survey 2019

15.7 Acknowledgements

Grateful thanks go to all the children and young people in Bristol for their willingness and enthusiasm to take part in the survey. The help and support of school staff who organise the completion of the question is also very much appreciated. If you would like further information about the work of the Bristol Healthy Schools team please contact:

The Healthy Schools Team [email protected]

For technical support to use the statistics presented within this report, or to explore other potential uses of the data collected as part of the survey, please contact:

David Thomas Senior Public Health Specialist (Intelligence) [email protected]

If you would like further details about the Pupil Voice survey please contact: Dr David Regis Research Manager, Schools Health Education Unit 3 Manaton Court, Matford Park Road Exeter Devon EX2 8PF [email protected]

Cover illustration by Julie Coulthard

- 72 -