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Insect Pest Control Newsletter No Insect Pest Control Newsletter No. 66 January 2006 Joint FAO/IAEA Programme http://www-naweb.iaea.org/nafa/index.html ISSN 1011-274X Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/Agricul.htm Sterile Insect Technique Principles and Practice in Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management Contents • To Our Readers 1 • Staff 4 • Forthcoming Events 5 • Past Events 6 • Technical Cooperation Projects 7 • Status of Coordinated Research Projects It is a challenge to bring together all relevant information related to the (CRPs) 13 Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) and its application in area-wide integrated pest management (A W-IPM) programmes; this book, published in 2005, • Developments at the is the first attempt to do this in a thematic way. Entomology Unit Seibersdorf 17 • Special News and Reports 22 To Our Readers • Annoucements 27 I would like to thank all our collaborators in many parts of the world, as well as all staff at the Entomology Unit and the Section at headquarters, for a very productive • In Memoriam 30 and successful year 2005. During the last twelve months the Insect Pest Control Sub- • Publications 31 programme implemented an international conference, eight research coordination meetings and several consultants meetings, participated in many interesting and suc­ cessful research activities, provided technical support to over thirty technical coopera­ tion projects in FAO and IAEA Member States, and actively contributed to a number of other international events, panels and advisory committees. In this Newsletter you will find details about some of the above-enumerated activities. These reflect not only our growing commitments and increasing research and norma­ tive responsibilities, but also our expanding involvement with additional pest species, although our budget and staff have not increased in proportion. As a result of request } IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency of FAO and IAEA Member States, we have become engaged with several new fruit Insect Pest Control Newsletter, No. 66, January 2006 fly, moth and tsetse species, as well as the rapidly grow­ among scientists working on RPW control in interested ing mosquito project, which is still largely in a research countries. and development phase. The biology of the pest is another determinant aspect that The demand to embark on other insect pest problems, as needs to be taken into account when considering the de­ a consequence of the successful area-wide integration of velopment of the SIT for a particular pest insect. Some the sterile insect technique (SIT) to suppress, contain or insects are clearly more amenable to SIT application than eradicate in some selected situations, major insect pests, others. For example insects that are migratory over large is nevertheless still much larger. However, we have to be distances, or where the released adult stage is a pest or very careful to avoid overextending our staff and limited nuisance, are generally not suitable for effective SIT ap­ financial resources. The success of the subprogramme plication. has historically been its focus on a few major pest prob­ A relevant example here is the desert locust. Over the lems to be able to provide our Member States the best years there have been increasing demands to develop the support in terms of research, normative assistance and SIT as an additional tool to control desert locust. The re­ implementation of operational programmes. cent locust emergency in Africa, with major swarms and Some of the requests to develop or implement the SIT, plagues causing devastating losses in various African although technically justifiable, would address only local countries, have resulted in renewed calls by Member or subregional pests, and investing years of reseach re­ States and the press for the Joint FAO/IAEA Programme quired to develop and implement the SIT is often not to take a new look at the potential of SIT as a component warranted. Cosmopolitan pest problems, or very impor­ of locust suppression operations. However, our repeated tant pests with the potential of becoming major interna­ consultations with the desert locust coordination group at tional invasive species, have of course priority, although FAO in Rome have clearly confirmed our position (see our principles are that the SIT should only be integrated text within this newsletter) that there is no role for the where it has a comparative advantage and there are no SIT, even when focusing only on the recession phase other effective methods to deal with the problem. where the pest is in low numbers and not in a migratory One example of repeated requests from Member States phase. A preventive area-wide approach for the recession and some international organizations is the red palm wee­ phase is not feasible economically or even technically vil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Oliv., a serious with current technologies. The pest population is widely pest of coconut in Asia. Since its appearance in the scattered over many millions of square kilometres, and United Arab Emirates in 1985, it has spread westward the capacity and infrastructure to distinguish sparsely and northward, invading date palm plantations in Saudi vegetated locust habitats and forecast repeated rains re­ Arabia in 1987, Qatar in 1989, the Islamic Republic of liably is not available. Furthermore donor funding tends Iran in 1992, Kuwait and Egypt in 1993, and then Jordan, to disappear during recession periods in between plagues Israel and Palestine in the late 1990s. More recently this to address other more pressing priorities. Nevertheless, in major pest has expanded also into Spain. Control efforts spite of the above, IAEA Member States adopted a reso­ based on a number of approaches have unfortunately lution during the last General Conference in September been only partially effective. Alone in the Arabian Gulf 2005, asking the Secretariat to consider embarking on region, where it is now widely considered the most dev­ research to develop desert locust SIT. In response, further astating insect pest of the ca. 50 million date palm trees, analysis and consultations with locust experts will take this weevil has seriously affected the estimated 1.2 mil­ place in order to avoid wasting resources and diverting lion tons of the annual production of dateds for local con­ our attention from more realistic pest situations in Mem­ sumption and export. ber States. Experts on weevil SIT have determined the required re­ In January 2006 we are starting the new programme cycle search and development aspects that need to be addressed for 2006-2007. Some of the main programme changes to be able to effectively assess the potential of developing involve a continued realignment towards management of RPW SIT. Pilot trials in India, headed by the Bhabha risks to agriculture and the environment from exotic and Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, in collaboration with invasive pests, such as a few major moth and beetle pests, three agricultural universities, indicate that there may be as well as major fruit flies still confined to certain regions some potential in adding an SIT component to the man­ of the world, the increased application of nuclear tech­ agement of this pest. A rearing technique has been devel­ niques in biological control, as well as an increased in­ oped using coconut petioles, sugarcane and other ingredi­ volvement in various normative activities. We are cur­ ents, and a sterilizing dose was confirmed. Currently, rently also starting the planning of the programme of ac­ small SIT pilot tests are in progress in three relatively tivities and budget for the cycle 2008-2009, and look isolated RPW hot spots, to assess the feasibility of apply­ forward to the input from our readers. ing the SIT for the management of RPW. In response to a request of interested countries, a regional technical coop­ eration project for the Asia region may be approved for the next funding cycle, to facilitate the networking of 2 Insect Pest Control Newsletter, No. 66, January 2006 As 2005 draws to a close, I would like to send seasonal greetings on behalf of all of us at the Subprogramme. We look forward to another fruitful year and wish you a very successful 2006. Jorge Hendrichs Head, Insect Pest Control Section 3 Insect Pest Control Newsletter, No. 66, January 2006 Staff The Insect Pest Control Subprogramme staff, consisting of those in the Joint FAO/IAEA Programme located in the Vienna International Centre, in the FAO/IAEA Agricultural and Biotechnology Laboratory in Seibersdorf and field experts, is listed below. Insect Pest Control Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, P.O. Box 100,A-1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+) 43 1 2600 12628; Fax: (+) 43 1 26007 21632 Entomology Unit, FAO/IAEA Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratory A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria Tel: (+) 43 1 2600 28402; Fax: (+) 43 1 26007 2874 Name Title E-mail Extension Location Jorge Hendrichs Entomologist (Section Head) [email protected] 21628 Vienna Udo Feldmann Entomologist (Tsetse/Screwworms) [email protected] 21629 Vienna Walther Enkerlin Entomologist (Fruit Flies) [email protected] 26077 Vienna Marc Vreysen Entomologist [email protected] 26062 Vienna (Moths/Tsetse/Screwworms) Arnold Dyck Entomologist (Tsetse) Consultant [email protected] 26164 Vienna Magali Evrard Senior Secretary [email protected] 21633 Vienna Maiko Binder Secretary [email protected] 21632 Vienna Alan Robinson Geneticist (Unit Head) [email protected] 28402 Seibersdorf Gerald Franz Molecular Geneticist (Fruit Flies) G. [email protected] 28419 Seibersdorf Andrew Parker Entomologist (Tsetse Rearing Tech­ [email protected] 28408 Seibersdorf nology) Carlos Caceres Entomologist (Fruit Fly Rearing) [email protected] 28413 Seibersdorf Flerve Bossin Molecular Biologist (Mosquitoes) [email protected] 28407 Seibersdorf Bart Knols Medical Entomologist (Mosquitoes [email protected] 28426 Seibersdorf Rearing) Mark Benedict Medical Entomologist (Mosquitoes) [email protected] 28410 Seibersdorf Adly Abd Alla Virologist (Tsetse) Consultant [email protected] 28428 Seibersdorf Michelle Flelinski Mosquitoes Consultant [email protected] 28429 Seibersdorf Jesus Reyes Entomologist.
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