Consecration and entrustment to Mary

For centuries, among Roman Catholics have included many examples of personal or collective acts of and entrustment to the Virgin Mary, with the Latin terms oblatio, servitus, commendatio and dedicatio having been used in this context.[2] Consecration is an act by which a person is dedicated to a sacred service, or an act which separates an object, location or region from a common and profane mode to one for sacred use.[3] The Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments clarifies that in this context, "It should be recalled, however, that the term "consecration" is used here in a broad and non-technical sense: the expression is use of 'consecrating children to Our Lady', by which is intended placing children under her protection and asking her maternal blessing for them".[2]

Consecration to the Virgin Mary by Roman Catholics has taken place from three perspectives, namely personal, societal and regional; and generally in three forms: to the Virgin herself, to the and to the Immaculata. In Catholic teachings, consecration to Mary does not diminish or substitute the love of God, but enhances it, for all consecration is ultimately made to God.[4] Leo XIII, specially encouraged everyone to make acts of consecration to the Virgin Mary based on the methods of Saint . Pope Benedict XV also provided The Blessed Virgin Mary as the strong support for Marian consecration. Virgin of Mercy venerated as The Virgin of the Navigators, 1531–36, Early in the 20th century, Saint , called the "Apostle of with her protective mantle covering Consecration to Mary", began a vigorous program of promoting consecration to the those entrusted to her.[1] Immaculata.[5] Theologian Garrigou-Lagrange designated personal consecration to Mary as the highest level amongMarian devotions.

Pope John Paul II's motto, (totally yours), reflected his personal consecration to Mary. He consecrated the entire world to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.[6]

Contents

History and development Personal consecration Montfort's total devotion and consecration Immaculate Heart of Mary The Immaculata Societal consecration Consecration of locations and regions Consecration of the world to the Immaculate Heart of Mary Countries consecrated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary Cities consecrated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary Dioceses consecrated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary Holy See North-America United States Canada Europe Italy Netherlands Portugal England Scotland France Spain Germany Austria Finland South-America Mexico Venezuela Colombia Uruguay Brazil Oceania Australia New Zealand Samoa Asia India Africa Angola

Prayers of consecration See also Further reading References Sources External links

History and development

The beginnings of the notion of "belonging to Mary" can be seen in the writings of Saint Ephrem the Syrian in the 4th century, and a form of personal consecration to Mary dates back to the 5th century, where its practitioners were called "servants of Mary" and the practice was sometimes referred to as "holy servitude". However, the first consistent and repeated use of the concept of consecration to Mary was perhaps by SaintIldephonsus of Toledo in the 7th century, and Pope John VII also referred to it in the 8th century.[7]

The notion that consecration to Mary is linked with consecration toChrist and has an ultimate Christocentric goal was already present in the 7th century writings of Ildephonsus, when he wrote: "What is delivered up to the Mother rebounds to the Son; thus passes to the King the honor that is rendered in the service of the Queen."[7]

In the 8th century, Saint John Damascene continued the theme of consecration to Mary, and when he wrote "to you we consecrate (anathemenoi) our minds, our souls and our bodies, in a word our very selves" he used the Greek term anathemenoi which indicates "the setting aside for sacred use".[7] By the 9th century, being a "servant of Mary" was practiced in Ireland.

The act of consecration of cities and regions dates back at least to the 9th century, when Abbo Cernuus of Saint-Germain-des-Prés composed a poem in which he attributed the failure of the Vikings in the Siege of (885–886) to the consecration of the city to the Virgin Mary, and her protection over it.[8] During the Medieval period, abbeys, towns and cities began to consecrate themselves to the Virgin Mary to seek her protection. In the 12th century Cîteaux Abbey in France used the motif of the protective mantle of the Virgin Mary which shielded the kneeling and abbesses. In the 13th century Caesarius of Heisterbach was also aware of this motif, which eventually led to the iconography of the Virgin of Mercy.[7]

Although previous saints had discussed the notion of consecration, it was only in 11th century France that Saint Odilo at the Cluny Abbey began to spread the formal practice of personal consecration to Mary.[9] In the 12th century, the Cistercian orders began consecrating themselves to Mary, first individually and then as a group, and this practice then spread to the and the Carmelites.[10]

The 17th century also saw the adoption of the custom of consecrating the month of May to the Blessed Virgin.[10] The practice of consecration to Mary continued among Catholics and in the 18th century was further promoted by Louis de Montfort. Montfort's concept of consecration was influenced by Henri Boudon's book Dieu seul: le Saint esclavage de l'admirable Mère de Dieu, (Only The consecrated God, the Holy Slavery of the admirable Mother of God). By reading Boudon, Montfort concluded that being sheltered under any consecration is ultimately made to "", for only God merits the loving servitude of man. the protective mantle Later, "God Alone" became the motto of Montfort. Montfort's approach followed Boudon very of the Virgin, Ravensburg, c. 1480. closely, but differed on one element: while Boudon's consecration was founded on the Queenship of Attributed to Michel Mary, Montfort approach was based on the divine maternity.[11][12] Erhart During the 18th and 19th centuries the traditions of Marian consecration grew and by 1860 first communion in France included an act of consecration to the Virgin Mary.[13] By this time Marian had spread beyond continental Europe and in England Father Frederick Faber (a follower of John Henry Newman) had composed a hymn of consecration to the Virgin Mary which included a petition to her motherly role.[14]

Since the 19th century, devotions and consecrations to the Immaculate Heart of Mary have been encouraged by several including Pius IX, Pius XII and John Paul II.[15]

Personal consecration

Theologian Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange, a professor at the Angelicum (where he taught the future Pope John Paul II, then 26 years old) studied and analyzed various forms and stages of Marian devotions. He designated personal consecration to Mary as the highest level among these devotions. In his theological analysis, Marian devotions are categorized into stages, from beginner to advanced, as follows:[16]

Occasional prayer, e.g. praying the from time to time. Regular and daily devotion, e.g. the devout recitation of theRosary on a daily basis. A formal act of consecration to Mary, and living in habitual dependence on her, as a means of uniting with Christ.

The theology of personal consecration to Mary was further explained by Pope John Paul II in where, building on John 19:27, he stated that the word "home" refers to the spiritual and inner life of believers, and "to take Mary into one's home" Fr. Michael E. Gaitley, MIC signifies a filial entrustment to her as mother in every aspect of life. John Paul II preaches on the subject of personal Marian consecration. suggested Saint John as an example of how every Christian should respond to the gift of the spiritual motherhood of Mary.[17]

Montfort's total devotion and consecration The process of Total Consecration to Mary was introduced by Saint Louis de Montfort in the early part of the 18th century. The heart of Montfort's classic work is a formal act of consecration to Mary, so through her, one can be consecrated to Christ. The Vatican's guidelines for Marian consecrations state: "Louis Grignon de Montfort is one of the great masters of the spirituality underlying the act of "consecration to Mary". He proposed to the faithful consecration to Jesus through Mary, as an effective way of living out their baptismal commitment."[2]

For Montfort, the goal of consecration is "holiness": the renewal of the baptismal promise and continued search for unity with God. In his view, people are often unaware that the soul is clouded by sin and self-love, and consecration begins a gradual process of sanctification in which a person's focus turns away from self-love and towards God through Mary. Relying on the assertion that "Mary is full of grace", he argued that in order to find grace with God, one must first discover Mary. Pope John Paul II echoed the same sentiment when he stated that as a young seminarian he had read and reread Montfort many times and "understood that I could not exclude the Lord's Mother from Louis de Montfort. Church of [18][19] Saint-Honoré, Paris my life without neglecting the will of God-Trinity".

Montfort's process of Total Consecration has seven elements and effects: knowledge of one's unworthiness, sharing in Mary's faith, the gift of pure love, unlimited confidence in God and Mary, communication of the Spirit of Mary, transformation into the likeness of Jesus, and bringing more glory to Christ.[20] Montfort's practice of consecration to Mary has both internal and external components. The internal components focus on surrendering oneself as a slave to Mary and to Jesus through her, and performing all actions "with Mary, in Mary, through Mary and for Mary". The suggested exterior practices include enrolment in Marian societies, or joining Marian religious orders, making Marian privileges known and appreciated, and giving alms in honor of Mary.[21]

In Montfort's view it takes effort to progress along the scale of achieving closer union with God through consecration to Mary and that different individuals reach different levels along this scale, depending on their efforts and purity of intentions. But he did not hesitate to point out that the door was open for everyone to achieve high levels of spiritual progress through Marian consecration. Montfort's classification of the multiple levels of spiritual progress is similar to the "spiritual dwelling places" described by Saint Teresa of Avila in the Interior Castle. Yet Montfort's view differs from Teresa's contemporary, Saint John of the Cross in that Montfort sees the Marian path to Jesus as far more positive, encouraging and smooth than the path followed by Saint John in the Dark Night of the Soul.[21]

Immaculate Heart of Mary Saint Louis de Montfort's devotions and consecrations were developed in the first few years of the 18th century, and did not explicitly refer to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, which was just beginning to gain a following at about the same time in France, but had not yet received Church approval. SaintFrancis de Sales began to write on the perfections of the Heart of Mary as the model of love for God in the early parts of the 17th century and his work influenced St. Jean Eudes, who then developed the joint devotion to the Hearts of Jesus and Mary.[22]

The two factors that helped the rapid progress of the devotion were the introduction of the by Saint Catherine Laboure in 1830 and the establishment atNotre-Dame-des-V ictoires, Paris of the of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, Refuge of Sinners. More than four million Miraculous Medals were distributed throughout the world within four years and in 1838 Father Desgenettes, the pastor of Notre-Dame-des-Victoires, organized the Association in honor of the Holy and Immaculate Heart of Mary, which Pope Gregory XVI made a confraternity the same year.[24] In July, 1855, the Congregation of Rites approved the Office and Mass for the Immaculate Heart.[25] Another driving force for devotions and consecrations to the Immaculate Heart of Mary appeared in the 1917 messages of Our Lady of Fátima, which later gained millions of followers. The three children who reported the messages of Marian apparitions at Fátima referred to the Immaculate Heart, emphasized the links between the two hearts of Jesus and Mary and stated that the Heart of Jesus wishes to be honored together with the Heart of Mary. The messages also stated that the children of Fátima would be used to make the Immaculate Heart known to the world.[23][26] The third apparition reported at Fátima on July 13, 1917, specifically encouraged devotions and consecrations for the triumph of the Immaculate Heart. Although the reports of the Fátima apparitions were initially met with skepticism, they grew in popularity and were approved by the Holy See in 1930, and continued to gain popularity thereafter.[27] By the end of the 20th century, on May 13 and October 13 of each year, the country road that leads to the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Fátima was walked by about a million pilgrims a day.[28]

On May 13, 1967, the 50th anniversary of Our Lady of Fatima, Pope Paul VI visited Fatima, Portugal and issued the Apostolic Exhortation (meaning a great sign in Latin) in which he asked "all sons of the Church to renew their Saint Jacinta Marto, of Fátima, 1917. consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary".[29] Shortly before her death at age 9, Jacinta asked everyone to Resonating with the theme of Fátima, Pope John Paul II's program of "Marian consecrate to the Immaculate [23] consecration and entrustment" related and equated consecration to the Immaculate Heart. Heart of Mary with consecration to the of Jesus.[30] The theme that John Paul II developed and repeated in various forms was based on the Alliance of the Hearts of Jesus and Mary and he suggested: "let us go to the Heart of Jesus through the Heart of Mary". The pope's rationale for consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary relied on many different, yet mutually complementary arguments, as to why one can approach Jesus and achieve a special unity with him based on the intimate union of the Hearts of Jesus and Mary.[31]

In 1986, when addressing the participants in the 1986 International Theological Symposium on the Alliance of the Hearts of Jesus and Mary, Pope John Paul II stated:[31]

Our act of consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary refers ultimately to the Heart of her Son, for as the Mother of Christ she is wholly united to his redemptive mission. As at the marriage feast of Cana, when she said "Do whatever he tells you", Mary directs all things to her Son, who answers our prayers and forgives our sins.

The Immaculata By the end of the 18th century, two separate factors had combined forces to support the approval of a dogma for . On one hand, the theological arguments had been further refined and gained popularity so that for about a century before its dogmatic definition, almost the entire Church believed the Immaculate Conception. And it was largely in recognition of the existing sensus fidei in its regard, witnessed to by the majority of Roman Catholic bishops, that Pope Pius IX declared it a dogma in . This greatly helped the spread of devotions and consecrations to the Immaculata.[33][34]

In the early part of the 20th century, Saint Maximilian Kolbe began his efforts to promote consecration to the Immaculata, partly relying on the 1858 messages of Our Lady of . Kolbe's theological basis for Marian consecration relied on his view of the Holy Spirit as the "Uncreated Immaculate Conception" that works in concert with the Virgin Mary as the Immaculate. He argued that since Mary is Immaculate, by her very nature she is the perfect instrument of the Holy Spirit in the mediation of all graces, given that "every grace is a gift of the Father through his Son by the Holy Spirit". Like Montfort, Kolbe emphasized the renewal of the baptismal promises by making a total consecration to the Immaculata, which he considered the most perfect means of achieving unity with Jesus.[35][36] In 1915, while still in seminary, Kolbe and six friends formed the and four years later began publishing the magazine Knight of the Immaculate. In October 1917, Saint Maximillian Kolbe and six other friars formed the Militia Immaculata with the goal of using every possible means to promote total consecration to Mary.[37] Kolbe wanted the entire Franciscan Order consecrated to the Immaculata by an additional vow. The idea was well received, but faced the hurdles of approval by the hierarchy of the order and the lawyers, so it was never formally adopted during his life and was no longer pursued after his death.[38] Saint Maximilian Kolbe, the Apostle of Consecration to Kolbe then founded the monastery of Immaculate City and continued publishing Militia Mary, composed the Immaculatae in multiple languages, which eventually reached a circulation of 750,000 of copies a month, until it was stopped when Kolbe was sent to the Auschwitz concentration [5][32] consecration. camp, where he volunteered to die in place of another prisoner. Kolbe's efforts in promoting consecration to the Immaculata made him known as the "Apostle of Consecration to Mary".[5][39]

Societal consecration

For many centuries, the Carmelites have worn the Brown Scapular as a sign of their consecration to Mary, and her protection over them.[41] In the 13th century the Servite Order (Servants of Mary) was approved in Florence, Italy, and although its key focus was on the sorrows of Mary, the members were consecrated to her.

Over the centuries, a number of Marian movements and societies have been consecrated to the Virgin Mary, e.g. the fourth vow taken by the Marianist Fathers, whose order was formed in the The Brown scapular has 18th century, during the French Revolution includes a consecration to the Virgin Mary.[42] In the been worn by Carmelites 1948 Apostolic ConstitutionBis Saeculari Pope Pius XII encouraged Marian consecrations by the for centuries as a sign of Marian societies such as .[43][44] their consecration to Mary.[40] On Sunday, October 8, 2000, upon the completion of the ceremonies for the Jubilee of the Bishops, Pope John Paul II and the bishops consecrated and entrusted themselves and the in the new millennium to Mary.[45][46]

On May 12, 2010 at the Church of the Most Holy Trinity in Fátima, Portugal, on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the beatification of Jacinta and Francisco Marto Pope Benedict XVI consecrated all priests to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.[47][48]

Consecration of locations and regions

The consecration of cities and regions to the Virgin Mary dates back at least to the 9th century, and during the feuding Medieval period, abbeys, towns and cities began to consecrate themselves to the Virgin Mary to seek her protection.[7][8] In the 17th century France was consecrated to the Virgin Mary by Louis XIII and a number of other countries such asPortugal followed that trend.[49]

In 1917, messages reported by three children in Fátima, Portugal resulted in four consecrations to the Immaculate Heart of Mary by two popes. In the messages of Our Lady of Fatima, the Virgin Mary specifically asked for the to her Immaculate Heart. Based on these messages popesPius XII and John Paul II consecrated Russia and the world to the Virgin Mary.[50]

Both Pius XII and John Paul II felt a close bond to Fátima in that Pius XII was being made an in on May 13, 1917, just as the first messages of Fatima were being reported and John Paul II was shot on May 13, 1981 in Saint Peter's Square and attributed his recovery to Our Lady of Fátima.[44] Pope Pius XII's two consecrations were made in October 1942 and July 1952 and those of John Paul II in May 1982 and March 1984.[51] This paralleled the consecration of the world to the Sacred Heart of Jesus by Pope Leo XIII in 1899.[50][52] Blessed Alexandrina Maria da Costa, from Balazar, was a Portuguese mystic who reported many private apparitions, messages and prophecies received directly from Jesus and Virgin Mary. In June 1938, based on the request of her spiritual director, Father Mariano Pinho, several bishops from Portugal wrote to Pope Pius XI, asking him to consecrate the world to the Immaculate Heart of Mary. In June 1938, Father Mariano Pinho, conducted a retreat at Fátima, Portugal, for the Portuguese bishops, at the end of which the bishops forwarded their own request to Pius XI for the consecration of the world to the Immaculate Heart of Mary. This request was renewed several times. At that time Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli (later Pope Pius XII) was the secretary of the state of the Vatican. On October 31, 1942, Pius XII made a solemn Act of Consecration of the Church and the whole world to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, joined by the bishops of Portugal, gathered at the Cathedral in Lisbon. Pius spoke by radio, in Portuguese, to an audience of thousands of pilgrims who had come to Fátima to celebrate the twenty-fifth [53] anniversary of the last apparition of Our Lady. Blessed Alexandrina of Balazar was the great messenger of The Pope Pius XII Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary on October 31, 1942, Jesus to the request of the was made at major turning points in World War II. Pope Pius XII consecrated not only consecration of the world to the the Catholic Church but the whole human race to the Virgin Mary, doing so as "Father Immaculate Heart of Mary made of Christianity" as the representative of Christ, who has all power in heaven and on by Pope Pius XII. earth", referring to Matthew 28:18.[54] The consecration was performed via a Portuguese radio broadcast, and then renewed on December 8, 1942, in Rome.[54][55]

Consecration of the world and the human race to the Immaculate Heart meant that non- Christians would also be consecrated. However, Pope Leo XIII had already covered that theological ground in Annum sacrum by consecrating the world to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, in which non-Christians were also consecrated.[56] [57]

According to author Edward Sri, given the emphasis Pius XII had placed on the Queenship of Mary, the consecration emphasized the importance Pius XII placed on the powerful role of Mary as an intercessor and a protector of humanity.[58] Mariologist Gabriel Roschini wrote that the 1942 consecration of humanity to Mary can be viewed as an apex for Marian culture.[59][60]

In July 1952 Pope Pius XII specifically performed the Consecration of Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary via the Apostolic LetterSacr o Vergente.[61][62][63] Statue of Pope Pius XII in Fátima, On 13 May 1982 in Fatima Portugal, Pope John Paul II again consecrated the world to Portugal, representing the Marian [31][51] the Immaculate Heart of Mary and said: consecration based on theOur Lady of Fátima messages. Pius Consecrating the world to the Immaculate Heart of Mary means drawing XII was made an archbishop in near, through the mother's intercession, to the very fountain of life that Rome on May 13, 1917, (1st day sprang from Golgotha. This fountain pours forth unceasingly redemption of Fatima), and considered his papacy specially bound to it.[44] and grace. In it reparation is made continually for the sins of the world. It is a ceaseless source of new life and holiness.

On March 25, 1984, Pope John Paul II again performed the solemn consecration of the world, and implicitly Russia, to the Immaculate Heart of Mary before the statue of the Virgin Mary of Fatima brought to Saint Peter's Square in Vatican City for the ceremony. In his "program of Marian consecration and entrustment" John Paul II considered consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary as Divinely intended to complement the consecration to the sacred Heart of Jesus.[51][64][65]

On June 28, 2003 John Paul II entrustedEurope to the Virgin Mary, and renewed that entrustment again on August 31, 2003.[66][67] Consecration of the world to the Immaculate Heart of Mary

The whole world has been repeatedly consecrated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary by different popes:

Pius XII, 31 October 1942 Paul VI, 21 November 1964 John Paul II, 13 May 1982 John Paul II together with all the bishops of the world, 25 March 1984 Francis, 13 October 2013

Countries consecrated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary

Several nations have been consecrated by their respective bishops to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, in particular:

Ecuador (1892) Portugal (13 May 1931 - 13 May 1938) France (November 22, 1940, March 28, 1943) Canada (22 June 1947 - 26 September 2017) Poland (8 September 1946 - 4 June 1979 - 6 June 2017) England and Wales (1948 - 20 February 2017, Card.V incent Nichols) Bolivia (12 October 1948 - 15 April 2018) Spain (12 October 1954 - 25 May 2005) Italy (13 September 1959) Angola (13 October 1985) Samoa (07 Dicember 2007, 3 Dicember 2017, Abp.Alapati Lui Mataeliga) Dominican Republic (25 September 2008, Card. Nicolás de Jesús López Rodríguez) Philippines (8 June 2013, 4 May 2018) Lebanon and Countries of the Middle-East (16 June 2013) Ireland (15 August 2013, Card. Sean Brady) Congo (4 February 2017, Card.Pietro Parolin) Panama (9 March 2017, Abp. José Domingo Ulloa Mendieta) Russia and Countries of Central Asia (13 May 2017, Card. Josef Cordes) Scotland (3 September 2017) Afghanistan (13 October 2017, fr. Giovanni Scalese) Nigeria (13 October 2017) Nicaragua (28 April 2018, Card. Leopoldo Brenes, Bp. Silvio José Báez Ortega)

Cities consecrated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary

Aleppo, Syria (13 May 2017) Detroit, United States (13 May 2017)

Dioceses consecrated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary

Holy See

Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter (October 15, 2017, Bp. Steven J. Lopes)

North-America

United States Diocese of Green Bay, Wisconsin (10 September 2009, Bp.David L. Ricken) Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau, Missouri (25 March 2010, Bp. James Vann Johnston) Diocese of Winona, Minnesota (8 September 2011, Bp. John M. Quinn) Archdiocese of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (13 October 2013, Abp. Paul S. Coakley) Archdiocese of Portland, Oregon (28 June 2014, Abp. Alexander K. Sample) Diocese of Birmigham, Alabama (14 January 2017, Bp. Robert J. Baker) Diocese of Tyler, Texas (13 May 2017, Bp. Joseph E. Strickland) Diocese of Kansas City-Saint Joseph, Missouri (13 May 2017, Bp. James Vann Johnston) Diocese of Providence, Rhode Island (13 May 2017, Bp. Thomas J. Tobin) Archdiocese of Detroit, Michigan (13 May 2017, Abp. Allen H. Vigneron) Diocese of Paterson, New Jersey (13 May 2017, Arthur J. Serratelli) Diocese of Fargo, North Dakota (13-14 May 2017, Bp. John T. Folda) Diocese of Worcester, Massachusetts (3 June 2017, Bp. Robert J. McManus) Diocese of San Angelo, Texas (27 September 2017, Bp.Micheal J. Sis) Archdiocese of San Francisco, California (7 October 2017, Abp. Salvatore J. Cordileone) Diocese of Jackson, Mississippi (8 October 2017, Bp. Joseph Kopacz) Archdiocese of Louisville, Kentucky (8 October 2017, Abp. Joseph E. Kurtz) Diocese of Phoenix, Arizona (13 October 2017, Bp. Thomas J. Olmsted) Archdiocese of Denver, Colorado (13 October 2017, Abp. Samuel J. Aquila) Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis, Minnesota (13 October 2017, Abp. Bernard Hebda) Archdiocese of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (15 October 2017, Abp. Charles J. Chaput) Diocese of Colorado Springs, Colorado (15 October 2017, Bp. Michael J. Sheridan) Diocese of Albany, New York (8 December 2017, Bp. Edward B. Scharfenberger) Diocese of Santa Rosa, California (8-12 December 2017, Bp.Robert Vasa) Diocese of Austin, Texas (10 December 2017, Bp.Joe S. Vásquez) Diocese of St. Petersburg, (6 May 2018, Bp. Gregory Parkes)

Canada

Archdiocese of Montréal (23 November, 2013, Abp. Christian Lépine) Archdiocese of Ottawa (01 July 2017, Abp. Terrence Thomas Prendergast) Diocese of Victoria (01 July 2017, Bp. Gary Michael Gordon) Archdiocese of Saint John's (01 July 2017, Abp. Martin William Currie) Archdiocese of Edmonton (01 July 2017, Abp. Richard William Smith) Diocese of Calgary (01 July 2017, Bp. William Terrence McGrattan) Archdiocese of Vancouver (02 July 2017, Abp. John Michael Miller) Archdiocese of Québec (02 July 2017, Card. Gérald Cyprien Lacroix) Diocese of Nicolet (8 December 2017, Bp. André Gazaille)

Europe

Italy

Diocese of Chioggia, Veneto (10 October 1954, Bp. Giovanni Battista Piasentini) Diocese of Reggio Emilia-Guastalla, Emilia-Romagna (13 May 2017, Bp. Massimo Camisasca) Diocese of Pavia, Lombardy (13 May 2017, Bp. Corrado Sanguineti) Diocese of Carpi, Emilia-Romagna (16 September 2017, Bp. Francesco Cavina) Diocese of Ischia, Campania (13 October 2017, Bp. Pietro Lagnese) Diocese of Cesena-Sarsina, Emilia-Romagna (8 Dicember 2017, Bp. Douglas Regattieri) Diocese of Ariano Irpino-Lacedonia, Campania (8 Dicember 2017, Bp. Sergio Melillo) Diocese of San Miniato, Tuscany (12 May 2017, Bp. Andrea Migliavacca) Archdiocese of Siracusa, Sicily (01 September 2018, Bp.Salvatore Pappalardo) Netherlands

All the Dutch dioceses (13 May 2017, Card.Willem J. Eijk together with all the bishops of the Netherlands)

Portugal

All the 21 Portuguese dioceses (13 May 2016, Card.Manuel Clemente together with all the bishops of Portugal)

England

Diocese of Shrewsbury (October 13, 2013, Bp. Mark Davies)

Scotland

Archdiocese of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh (20 October 2017, Abp. Leo Cushley)

France

Diocese of Fréjus-Toulon (18 May 2008, Bp. Dominique Rey) Diocese of Bayonne, Lescar and Oloron (08 June 2014, Bp. Marc Aillet) Diocese of Angoulême (May 07, 2017, Bp. Hervé Gosselin) Archdiocese of Bordeaux (13 May 2017, Card. Jean-Pierre Ricard) Archdiocese of Avignon (08 Dicember 2017, Abp. Jean-Pierre Cattenoz) Diocese of Vannes (08 Dicember 2017, Bp. Raymond Centène) Diocese of Perpignan-Elne (08 Dicember 2017, Bp. Norbert Turini) Diocese of Tulle (September 30, 2018, Bp. Francis Bestion)

Spain

Diocese of Cuenca (8 Dicember 2015, Bp. José María Yanguas Sanz) Archdiocese of Valladolid (10 June 2017, Abp. Luis Javier Argüello García) Diocese of San Sebastián (14 May 2017, Bp. José Ignacio Munilla) Archdiocese of Valencia (28 June 2018, Card. Antonio Cañizares Llovera)

Germany

Archdiocese of Freiburg (15 August 2017, Abp. Stephan Burger)

Austria

Diocese of Linz (8 December 2015, Bp. Ludwig Schwarz)

Finland

Diocese of Helsinki (December 8, 2005, Bp. Józef Wróbel)

South-America

Mexico

Archdiocese of Monterrey (23 November 2013, Abp.Rogelio Cabrera López) Archdiocese of Mexico City (12 December 2014, Card.Juan Sandoval Íñiguez) Venezuela

Archdiocese of Maracaibo (13 October 2017, Abp. Ubaldo Ramón Santana Sequera) Diocese of Machiques (December 8, 2017, Bp. Ramiro Díaz)

Colombia

Archdiocese of Barranquilla (09 June2018, Abp. Pablo Emiro Salas Anteliz)

Uruguay

Archdiocese of Montevideo (October 8, 2017, Card. Daniel Sturla)

Brazil

Diocese of São Luiz de Cáceres (22 May 2016, Bp. Antônio Emídio Vilar)

Oceania

Australia

Archdiocese of Hobart, Tasmania (13 May 2017, Abp. Julian Porteous)

New Zealand

Archdiocese of Wellington (08 Dicember 2016, Card.John Atcherley Dew)

Samoa

Archdiocese of Samoa-Apia (07 Dicember 2007, Abp.Alapati Lui Mataeliga)

Asia

India

Archdiocese of Goa and Daman (13 May 2017, Abp. Filipe Neri Ferrão)

Africa

Angola

Diocese of Uíje (23 April 2017, Bp. Emílio Sumbelelo)

Prayers of consecration

A number of different prayers may be used as part of the consecration to the Virgin Mary. The "Act of Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary" appears in the official Raccolta book of indulgenced prayers.[68]

The prayer originally composed bySaint Louis de Montfort is as follows:[69] Today, I, a faithless sinner, renew in your hands my Baptismal vows; I renounce Satan forever, his pomps and works; and I give myself entirely to Jesus Christ, the Incarnate Wisdom, and will carry my cross after Him all the days of my life, and will be more faithful to Him than I have ever been. With the entire heavenly court as my witness, I choose you this day for my Mother. I deliver and consecrate myself to you, my body and soul, myself, both interior and exterior, and the worth of my good actions, past, present and future; leaving to you the total right of disposing of me, and all that belongs to me, according to your wish, for the greater glory of God in time and in eternity.

Saint Maximillian Kolbe composed a consecration prayer, known as the Immaculata prayer, and a shorter version that is used for the daily renewal of the consecration:[32][70]

Immaculata, Queen and , I renew my consecration to you for this day and for always, so that you might use me for the coming of the Kingdom of Jesus in the whole world. To this end I offer you all my prayers, actions and sacrifices of this day.

The prayer used by Pope John Paul II as his act of entrustment of all Bishops to Mary was considerably longer. It began with John 19:26 and included the entrustment as follows:[45][71]

Here we stand before you to entrust to your maternal care ourselves, the Church, the entire world. Plead for us with your beloved Son that he may give us in abundance the Holy Spirit, the Spirit of truth which is the fountain of life.

See also

Marian devotions Mother of God (Roman Catholic) Roman Catholic

Further reading

Kalvelage, Francis Mary, 2001. Kolbe, saint of the Immaculata Ignatius Press, ISBN 0-89870-885-0 Norman, Nicholas, 1988.Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary Paluch Press 1952 ASIN: B003DML8SK

References

1. Images of the Mother of God by Maria Vasilakē ISBN 0-7546-3603-8 page 307-308 2. "Consecration and Entrustment to Mary", § 204,Directory on Popular Piety and the Liturgy, Vatican (http://www.vatic an.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccdds/documents/rc_con_ccdds_doc_20020513_vers-direttorio_en.html#Chapte r%20Five) 3. Schulte, Augustin Joseph. "Consecration." The Catholic Encyclopedia. ol.V 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 9 Aug. 2014 (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04276a.htm) 4. Trigilio, John and Brighenti, Kenneth,The Catholicism Answer Book, 2007 ISBN 1-4022-0806-5 p. 325 5. Armstrong, Regis J.; Peterson, Ingrid J. and Zagano, Phyllis.The Franciscan Tradition, 2010 ISBN 0-8146-3030-8 p. 51 6. McLoughlin, William. Mary Is for Everyone, Jill Pinnock 1998 ISBN 0-85244-429-X p. 79 7. Calkins, Arthur. "Marian Consecration and Entrustment", Burke, Raymond L. et al. (2008)Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons, Seminarians, and Consecrated Persons ISBN 978-1-57918-355-4 pp. 725-737 8. Little, Lester K., Plague and the end of antiquity, 2006 ISBN 0-521-84639-0 p. 139 9. McNally, Terrence. 2009 What Every Catholic Should Know about Mary ISBN 1-4415-1051-6 pages 76-78 10. Thurston, Herbert. "Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 9 Aug. 2014 (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15459a.htm) 11. Boudon, Henri-Marie. Dieu seul: le Saint esclavage de l'admirable Mère de Dieu, Paris 1674 (https://books.google.co m/books?id=YPuiQ2S3xYEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Henri+Boudon&hl=en&ei=P__LTICjIImWswbd1vWWCA&sa= X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CE0Q6AEwCA#v=onepage&q&f=false) 12. De Montfort, Louis-Marie GrignionGod alone: the collected writings of St. Louis Mary de Montfort 1995 ISBN 0- 910984-55-7 p. xvi 13. McGail, Peter. First communion: ritual, church and popular religious identity, 2007 ISBN 0-7546-5741-8 p. 22 14. Doyle, Mary E., Standard Catholic Readers (https://books.google.com/books?id=bfV93N2sMSQC&pg=PA4), 2008 ISBN 0-554-65914-X p. 33 15. Baker, Kenneth. Fundamentals of Catholicism, 1983 ISBN 0-89870-019-1 p. 383 16. Pepinster, Catherine and Wilkins, John. John Paul II: reflections from The tablet, 2005 ISBN 0-86012-404-5 page 22 17. Pope John Paul II, Redemptoris Mater (http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii _enc_25031987_redemptoris-mater_en.html) 18. Rossetti, Stephen J. Behold Your Mother, 2007 ISBN 1-59471-028-7 p. 30 19. Pope John Paul II Reveals Virgin Mary Role in His Life Zenit News, October 15, 2000 (http://www.zeitun-eg.org/jp2.h tm) 20. Rao, pp. 324-327. 21. Rao pp. 265-271. 22. Mary's Immaculate Heart by John F. Murphy 2007 ISBN 1-4067-3409-8 page 24 23. The children of Fatima: Blessed Francisco & Blessed Jacinta Marto by Leo Madigan 2003 OSV Press ISBN 1- 931709-57-2 page 248 24. Goyau, Georges. "Paris." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 9 Aug. 2014 (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11480c.htm) 25. Bainvel, Jean. "Devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 9 Aug. 2014 (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07168a.htm) 26. Youngest Prophet by Christopher Rengers 1998ISBN 0-85342-815-8 page 38 27. Patron Saints by Michael Freze 1992 ISBN 0-87973-464-7 page 211 28. Trudy Ring, 1996, International Dictionary of Historic Places, ISBN 978-1-884964-02-2 page 245 29. Signum Magnum, 13 May 1967, Vatican (http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/apost_exhortations/documents/hf _p-vi_exh_19670513_signum-magnum_en.html) 30. Totus tuus: John Paul II's program of Marianconsecration and entrustment by Msgr Arthur Burton Calkins 1992 ISBN 0-9635345-0-5 page 263 31. The Alliance of the Two Hearts and Consecration by Msgr Arthur B. Calkins inMiles Immaculatæ XXXI (July– December 1995) pages 389-407.[1] (http://www.christendom-awake.org/pages/united-hearts/2hearts&consec.htm) 32. “Prayers to the Immaculata,” (https://udayton.edu/imri/mary/p/prayers-to-the-immaculata.php) All About Mary, International Marian Research Institute, University of Dayton. 33. Creeds of the churches: a reader in Christian doctrine by John H. Leith 1983 ISBN 0-8042-0526-4 page 442-446 34. Most, William G., "Mary's Immaculate Conception",Our Lady in Doctrine and Devotion, 1994 (http://www.ewtn.com/f aith/Teachings/marya2.htm) 35. The Catholic Church: the first 2,000 years by Martha Rasmussen 2003ISBN 0-89870-969-5 page 261 36. Encyclopedia of Catholicism by Frank K. Flinn, J. Gordon Melton 2007ISBN 0-8160-5455-X pages 409-410 37. Mention Your Request Here: The Church's Most Powerful Novenas by Michael Dubruiel 2000ISBN 0-87973-341-1 page 63 38. Forget not love: the passion of Maximilian Kolbe by André Frossard 1991ISBN 0-89870-275-5 page 127 39. "Militia of the Immaculata",Zenit , 15 June 2006 (http://ewtn.com.au/library/CHISTORY/zmilitimmac.htm) Archived (ht tps://web.archive.org/web/20110706103810/http://ewtn.com.au/library/CHISTORY/zmilitimmac.htm) 6 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. 40. Ann Ball, 2003 Encyclopedia of and Practices ISBN 0-87973-910-X page 365 41. Jackson, Gregory Lee, Catholic, Lutheran, Protestant: a doctrinal comparison 1993 ISBN 978-0-615-16635-3 page 238 42. Biographical dictionary of Christian missions by Gerald H. Anderson 1999ISBN 0-8028-4680-7 page 124 43. Pope Pius XII, Die, 27 September 1948, Vatican (http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_xii/apost_cons titutions/documents/hf_p-xii_apc_19480927_bis-saeculari_lt.html) 44. The Church in the modern age by Hubert Jedin, Gabriel Adriányi, John Dolan 1994ISBN 0-86012-092-9 pages 318- 320 45. “Jubilee Entrustment to Mary by Pope John Paul II 2000,” (https://www.udayton.edu/imri/mary/j/jubilee-entrustment-t o-mary-by-pope-john-paul-ii-2000.php) All About Mary, International Marian Research Institute, University of Dayton. 46. Act of Entrustment to Mary, October 8, 2000 at the Vatican website (http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/s peeches/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_20001008_act-entrustment-mary_en.html) 47. 2010 Consecration of priests at the Vatican website (http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/prayers/docume nts/hf_ben-xvi_20100512_affidamento-fatima_en.html) 48. Vatican website: Benedict XVI May 13, 2010Homily (http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/homilies/2010/d ocuments/hf_ben-xvi_hom_20100513_fatima_en.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141214093001/htt p://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/homilies/2010/documents/hf_ben-xvi_hom_20100513_fatima_en.html) December 14, 2014, at theW ayback Machine. 49. Marian apparitions, the Bible, and the modern world by Donal Anthony Foley 2002ISBN 0-85244-313-7 page 69 50. Burke, Raymond L.; et al. (2008).Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons, Seminarians, and Consecrated Persons ISBN 978-1-57918-355-4 pages 879-889 51. Burke, Raymond L.; et al. (2008).Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons, Seminarians, and Consecrated Persons ISBN 978-1-57918-355-4 page 746-750 52. Mary's Immaculate Heart by John F. Murphy 2007 ISBN 1-4067-3409-8 page 96 53. Calkins, Arthur Burton. Totus tuus: John Paul II's program of Marianconsecration and entrustment, 1992, ISBN 0- 9635345-0-5 page 97 54. Mary's Immaculate Heart by John F. Murphy 2007 ISBN 1-4067-3409-8 pages 96-103 55. A pilgrim's handbook to Fatima by Leo Madigan 2001 ISBN page 145 56. Totus tuus: John Paul II's program of Marianconsecration and entrustment by Msgr Arthur Burton Calkins 1992 ISBN 0-9635345-0-5 page 85 57. Christology: A Dogmatic Treatise on the Incarnation by Pohle Joseph 2009 ISBN 1-113-14521-8 page 291 58. Queen Mother: A Biblical Theology of Mary's Queenship by Edward P. Sri 2005 ISBN 1-931018-24-3 page 13 59. Mary's Immaculate Heart by John F. Murphy 2007 ISBN 1-4067-3409-8 page 105 60. Gabriele Roschini, Compenddium Mariologiae, Rome, 1946, page 512 61. Fatima, Russia and Pope John Paul II by Timothy Tindal-Robertson 1996 ISBN 0-85244-384-6 pages 231-237 62. Pope Pius XII, Sacro Vergente Anno, 7 July 1952, Vatican (http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_xii/apost_letters/d ocuments/hf_p-xii_apl_19520707_sacro-vergente-anno_it.html) 63. 44, 1952, page 505 64. Prayers and Devotions: 365 Daily Meditations by John Paul II 1998 ISBN 0-14-024725-4 page 357 65. Totus tuus: John Paul II's program of Marianconsecration and entrustment by Arthur Burton Calkins 1992ISBN 0- 9635345-0-5 page 106 66. Pope John Paul II, Ecclesia in Europa, 28 June 2003, Vatican (http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_ exhortations/documents/hf_jp-ii_exh_20030628_ecclesia-in-europa_en.html) 67. Vatican website: August 31, 2003 (http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/angelus/2003/documents/ hf_jp-ii_ang_20030831_en.html) 68. The Raccolta by Joseph P. Christopher, Charles E. Spence, D. D. The Rt Rowan 2003ISBN 0-9706526-6-6 page 390 [2] (https://books.google.com/books?id=aJHKTdv3gncC&pg=PA280&dq=%22act+of+consecration%22+mary&hl =en&ei=0QLNTPnsHsfOswbQiKGnAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCwQ6AEwATgU#v=on epage&q=%22act%20of%20consecration%22%20mary&f=false) 69. Miravalle, Mark Introduction to Mary 1993, ISBN 978-1-882972-06-7, pages 158 70. Aquilina, Michael, 2000. Book of Catholic Devotions ISBN 0-87973-415-9 page 194 71. Vatican website: John Paul II Entrustment ofBishops in 2000 (http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/homilie s/2000/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_20001008_act-entrustment-mary_en.html) Sources

Rao, Joseph Jaja, 2005, The Mystical Experience and Doctrine of St. Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort, Ignatius Press ISBN 978-88-7839-030-0

External links

The book True Devotion to Mary online Works of Saint Louis de Montfort online International Marian Research Institute at the University of Dayton. The Institute, a leading center for research and scholarship on the Blessed Virgin Mary, has a vast presence in cyberspace. Marian Library at the University of Dayton. The Marian Library is the world’s largest repository of books, periodicals, artwork, and artifacts on Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ. Militia of the Immaculata Consecrations Prayers of Marian Consecration listed by the International Marian Research Institute.

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