Soil Survey of Kootenai National Forest Area, Montana and Idaho
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United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service and Soil Survey of Natural Resources Conservation Service In cooperation with the Kootenai Montana Agricultural Experiment Station National Forest Area, Montana and Idaho NOTE: This PDF version of the Soil Survey of Kootenai NF does not include the maps from the second half of the book. How To Use This Soil Survey General Soil Map The general soil map, which is the color map preceding the detailed soil maps, shows the survey area divided into groups of associated soils called general soil map units. This map is useful in planning the use and management of large areas. To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the map, identify the name of the map unit in the area on the color-coded map legend, then refer to the section General Soil Map Units for a general description of the soils in your area. Detailed Soil Maps The detailed so11maps follow the general soil map. These maps can be useful in planning the use and management of small areas. To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the Index to Map Sheets, MAP SHEET which precedes the soil maps. Note the number of the map sheet, and turn to that sheet. INDEX TO MAP S,HEETS Locate your area of interest on the map sheet. Note the map unit symbols that are in that area. Turn to the lndex to Map Urrits (see Con- tents), which lists the map units by symbol and name and shows the of numbers and letters. page where each map MAP SHEET unit is described. The Summary of Tables shows which table has data on a specific land use for each detailed soil map unit. See Contents for sections of this publication that may address your specific needs. This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The fieldwork and technical quality control for this survey were conducted by the Forest Service. The correlation of the soils was conducted by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) in consultation with the Forest Service. The Natural Resources Conservation Service has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Fieldwork for this soil survey was performed in the period 1971-82. Soil names and descriptions were approved in 1988. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 1988. This survey was made by the Forest Service and the Natural Resources Conservation Service in cooperation with the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station. Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged, maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a larger scale. All programs and services of the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Forest Service are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis, without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, marital status, or handicap. Cover: A view of the Libby Valley and Kootenai River. The Cabinet Mountain Range is in the background. Contents Index to map units ...............................iv Classification of the soils ........................73 Summary of tables ...............................vi Andepts ....................................... 74 Preface ........................................vii Vitrandepts ..................................74 General nature of the survey area ..................1 Aquolls ........................................ 75 History and development .........................1 Calciaquolls .................................75 Natural resources ...............................2 Boralfs ........................................76 Climate ........................................2 Eutroboralfs .................................76 Physiography ...................................2 Glossoboralfs ................................ 77 Geology ........................................6 Fluvents................................ 78 Vegetation ...................................... 7 Fluvents................................ 78 How this survey was made .........................8 Udifluvents .................................. 79 General soil map units........................... 11 Ochrepts ......................................79 Detailed soil map units ..........................15 Cryochrepts .................................79 Use and management of the soils ................ 65 Dystrochrepts................................ 81 Timber ........................................65 Eutrochrepts................................. 82 Roads ........................................66 Ustochrepts .................................85 Watershed .................................... 68 Xerochrepts ................................. 86 Wildlife and fisheries ........................... 69 Xerolls ........................................ 88 Recreation and visual quality ....................70 Calcixerolls ..................................88 Wildfire .......................................70 Formation of the soils ...........................91 Minerals....................................... 70 References...................................... 93 Range ........................................70 Glossary ........................................95 Wilderness .................................... 71 Tables ......................................... 103 Issued September 1995 Index to Map Units 101-Fluvents, flood plains ....................... 15 329-Andic Cryochrepts, moraines, dense, 102-Andic Dystric Eutrochrepts, lacustrine brittle substratum.. ..........................39 terraces .................................... 16 351-Andic Dystrochrepts, dissected glaciated 103-Andic Dystrochrepts, alluvial terraces. ........ 17 mountain slopes. ............................ 40 104-Andic Dystrochrepts-Urnbric Vitrandepts 352-Andic Dystrochrepts, glaciated mountain complex, kames and kettles .................. 18 slopes.. ....................................41 105-Aquic Udifluvents, poorly drained. ............ 20 353-Andic Cryochrepts-Rock outcrop-Lithic 106-Andic Dystrochrepts, glacial outwash Cryochrepts complex, glaciated terraces ....................................20 mountain ridges.. ........................... 42 107-Typic Xerochrepts, glacial outwash 355-Andic Dystrochrepts-Rock outcrop terraces ....................................21 complex, glaciated mountain slopes. .......... 43 108-Andic Dystric Eutrochrepts, lacustrine 357-Andic Cryochrepts-Lithic Cryochrepts terraces-Andic Dystrochrepts, glacial complex, dissected glaciated mountain outwash terraces, complex ................... 22 slopes.. ............... .................... 44 I09-Typic Xerochrepts, alluvial terraces. .......... 23 360-Rock outcrop-Lithic Cryochrepts complex, I10-Eutrochrepts, glacial outwash terraces ........ 24 glaciated mountain ridges. ................... 45 I1 I-Calcixerollic Xerochrepts, glacial outwash 365-Andic Dystrochrepts, dissected glaciated terraces .................................... 25 mountain slopes, steep ...................... 46 112-Eutric Glossoboralfs, lacustrine terraces ...... 26 370-Andic Dystrochrepts, glaciated mountain 1 14-Typic Xerochrepts, lacustrine terraces ........ 27 slopes, granitic substratum ................... 47 201 --Rock outcrop-Lithic Ustochrepts-Typic 381-Typic Ustochrepts-Lithic Ustochrepts Ustochrepts complex, breaklands ............. 27 complex, dissected glaciated mountain 251-Andic Dystrochrepts-Rock outcrop slopes, dry ................................. 48 complex, breaklands.. ....................... 28 401 --Rock outcrop-Andic Cryochrepts-Lithic 252-Andic Dystrochrepts, breaklands ............. 29 Cryochrepts complex, glacial trough walls ..... 50 301-Dystric Eutrochrepts, glaciated mountain 403-Rock outcrop-Lithic Cryochrepts-Andic slopes.. .................................... 30 Cryochrepts complex, cirque headwalls 302-Typic Ustochrepts, glaciated mountain and alpine ridges.. ..........................51 slopes, steep ............................... 31 404-Andic Cryochrepts, moraines, steep .......... 52 303-Rock outcrop-Lithic Ustochrepts complex, 405--Lithic Cryochrepts-Andic Cryachrepts- glaciated mountain ridges.. ..................32 Rock outcrop complex, glaciated 321-Typic Eutroboralfs, drumlins ................. 33 mountain ridges.. ........................... 53 322-Eutric Glossoboralfs, moraines. .............. 34 406-Andic Cryochrepts, glaciated mountain 323-Typic Eutroboralfs, moraines. ................ 35 ridges.. .................................... 54 324--Typic Eutrochrepts, moraines ................ 36 407-Andic Cryochrepts, moraines ................ 55 325-Aeric Calciaquolls, somewhat poorly 408-Andic Cryochrepts-Rock outcrop complex, drained.. ................................... 37 glaciated mountain slopes, very steep. ........ 56 328-Andic Cryochrepts, glaciated mountain 502-Typic Ustochrepts, mountain slopes, slopes ......................................38 south aspects.. ............................. 57 503-Rock outcrop-Lithic Ustochrepts complex, 552-Andic Dystrochrepts, mountain slopes . 61 south aspects.. 58 555-Andic Cryochrepts-Rock outcrop complex, 51 0-Typic Calcixerolls, south aspects . 59 mountain slopes.. 62 520-Andic Dystric Eutrochrepts, micaceous