International Journal of Remote Sensing & Geoscience (IJRSG) www.ijrsg.com EXTRACTION OF HYDRO-GEOMORPHOLOGIC FEATURES USING SATELLITE DATA FOR MANDSAUR DISTRICT, MADHYA PRADESH Ranjana Vyas and T.K. Pandya, Department of Geology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, 51-Saraswati Marg, Udaipur-313003, Rajasthan, India E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Contact No.:+91-96724 27525, +91-98294 83030 which will help in the study of geomorphology, hydrolgeoogy Abstract and water management planning in the future. Satellite data are useful for extracting various required informations for hydro-geomorphological features and the study of slopes, aspects, drainage network and 1. Location of the study area landuse/landcover pattern represents the hydrogeology and helps in categorization of the landforms into different hydro- The present investigation has been carried out in the area geomorphological classes representing the relationship of the located near Mandsaur town, forming a part of Mandsaur geological structures and the groundwater occurrence. In this district of Malwa region in Madhya Pradesh. The study has study, Cartosat1, Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) 1D LISS III and been confined to longitude 750‟ E to 7510‟ E and latitude Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM)/Enhanced TM (ETM+) digital 240‟ N to 24 10‟ N (Survey of India, Toposheet no. 45 P/4). data, and Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) from Shuttle Radar Mandsaur town is located at a distance of about 200 km. from Topography Mission (SRTM) along with Survey of India Ujjain (longitude 7550‟ N to 7540‟ N and latitude 2315‟ E). toposheet No. 45P/4 have been used to create various thematic The district is bounded by four districts of Rajasthan namely, maps with the help of Erdas and matica softwares for basaltic Chittorgarh in the West and North, Bhilwara in North, Kota in terrain of Mandsaur district, Madhya Pradesh, India.Satellite the North-East and Jhalawar in the East while Ratlam district of data derived geological and hydro-geomorphic features assist in Madhya Pradesh bounds it in the South. The study area can be prospecting the ground water resources to plan aquifer approached both by rail and road throughout the year. recharging, water harvesting and drinking water sources. Recharge characteristics can be further differentiated by physiographical image interpretation, merged with geo- hydrological data. Topography is also basic need for any hydrologic analysis and modeling. Remote sensing can provide quantitative topographic information of suitable spatial resolution to be extremely valuable for model inputs. Mandsaur district is one of such area, which is facing the situation of water scarcity in spite of Shivna River drainage system. Realizing the present situation of over-extraction of groundwater, it has been considered feasible to undertake a systematic hydrogeological and geomorphological investigation of groundwater in Mandsaur region to locate new resource of groundwater. As the study area comprises mainly of basaltic lava flows of Deccan Traps, the main challenge on water sector is in hard rock areas involving the problems of water conservation and its management inclusive of planning of the water resources. This is further complicated with several Fig.1: Location of the Study Area complexities of the geological formations. Therefore, the present research is focused on improving the knowledge on the structure and functioning of the aquifer system in hard rock 2. Physiographic environ terrain of the region. The purpose of this study is to inform Mandsaur district is located on northwest part of Madhya geomorphologists and hydrogeologists, primarily in developing Pradesh state. In past three decades industries had rapidly countries, of the general capabilities of remote sensing grown up in the district. Mandsaur is mainly agricultural-based techniques to obtain geomorphic data and to examine remote district and its cropping pattern is diversified. The total sensing as a possible aid in extracting geomorphic features ISSN No: 2319-3484 Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2013 65 International Journal of Remote Sensing & Geoscience (IJRSG) www.ijrsg.com population of the district is 11, 83,724 according to census 2001. 3 Data used for the study In this study, Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) 1D LISS III and 2.1 Climate: The study area is characterized by a tropical Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM)/Enhanced TM (ETM+) digital climate except, the Southwest monsoon season, the climate is data (Fig. 3), and Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) from generally dry. Four main seasons are witnessed that is Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) (Fig. 4) along with 1. Cold season - December to February Survey of India toposheet No. 45P/4 (Fig. 2) have been used to 2. Hot season - March to middle of June. create various thematic maps with the help of Erdas and 3. Monsoon season - middle of June to middle of September. Geomatica softwares for basaltic terrain of Mandsaur district, 4. Post monsoon season - Middle of September to end of Madhya Pradesh, India. The used data are here under: November. The climate of the 2.1 Rainfall, Temperature: Mandsaur district is semi-tropical characterized by hot summer and well-distributed rainfall during the southwest monsoon. 0 January is the coldest month with temperature falling 9.8 C. May is the hottest month when the temperature may go up to 39.80C. The monsoon starts from middle of the June to the first week of October. October and November constitute the post monsoon or retreating monsoon period. The maximum rainfall occurs during the monsoon season prevailing from middle of June to middle of September. Based on available record of rainfall data collected from Mandsaur observatory for a period of 1977 to 2010, the average annual rainfall has been calculated as 741.23 mm. 2.2 Humidity: The humidity measurements indicate that the maximum humidity exceeding 70% has been recorded during South - West monsoon season. The air is generally dry and the driest part of the year is witnessed during the period Fig.2: Survey of India, Toposheet No 45 P/4 from February to May. The relative humidity less than 25% has been recorded during this period. 2.3 Wind: The winds are generally light except during the period of summer. The direction of wind is mainly East to North - West during the monsoon season. The wind speed data indicates that the wind blows at the rate of 52 km/hr during December and 16.6 km/hr during June. 2.4 Fauna and Flora: The fauna of Mandsaur area is comprised of wild and domestic animals such as tiger, blue bull, deer, wild pigs, rabbit, jackal, languor, monkeys, bears, horses, dogs, cats, buffaloes, cows etc. The birds include quail, pigeon, parrot etc. Fishes are observed in river and ponds. The flora of the study area is characterized by the development of trees such as babul, khejra, neem, khajoor etc. The well- known crop of the area is opium. The vegetation is scantly at ridges and is characterized by thorny shrubs. 2.5 Irrigation: Mandsaur district has limited irrigation facilities. Surface water irrigation in the district is only 8.0 % of the net area. Groundwater is the main source in the district. Out Fig.3: Enhanced TM (ETM+) digital data of total 98,800 hectare irrigated land, 90,847 hectare‟s irrigated from groundwater sources, which is about 92 % of total irrigation in the district. There are a total 7,196 tube wells and 1, 05,748 dug wells in the district for irrigation. ISSN No: 2319-3484 Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2013 66 International Journal of Remote Sensing & Geoscience (IJRSG) www.ijrsg.com Fig.4: SRTM DEM 4 Information extracted from satellite Fig.6: Extracted contours using Erdas software24 00 data 4.2 Digitization of drainage, river and waterbodies’ using Survey of India, Toposheet No. 45P/4 as drainage could not be All the satellite images have been georegistered with Toposheet extracted clearly by DRAIN Module in Geomatica s/w. in UTM, WGS84 projection. Mainly Elevation data (SRTM DEM) has been used as input to 0 extract geomorphic information like Contour (Fig. 6, Fig. 7), 75 0’ 0 75 10’ Slope-Aspect (Fig. 10), and Lineaments (Fig. 9), whereas 0 drainage (Fig. 8) could not be extracted clearly by SRTM DEM 24 10’ so it has been digitized with the help of Toposheet. These extracted data has been checked with Cartosat, LISS-III and Landsat data. 4.1 Contour (20 m. interval) generation with the help of CONTOUR Module in Geomatica s/w and Erdas s/w (Fig. 6, Fig. 7) and SRTM DEM is taken as input elevation data. 75010 ’ 24010’ 0 24 0’ Fig.7: Digitised Drainage, River and Waterbodies 4.3 Lineament extraction using SRTM DEM as elevation data with the help of Geomatica s/w. 0 24 0’ Fig.5: Extracted contours using Geomatica software ISSN No: 2319-3484 Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2013 67 International Journal of Remote Sensing & Geoscience (IJRSG) www.ijrsg.com 0 0 0 75 0’ Lineament 75 10’ 75 0 75010 ’ s 0 ’ 0 24 1 24 10 0’ ’ Drainage 2400 2400’ ’ Fig.8: Extracted lineaments of the area by SRTM DEM Fig.10: Landuse/Landcover of the area 4.4 Slope-Aspect Map extracted using SRTM DEM as input elevation data with the help of Geomatica s/w. 5 Geomorphology of the area 0 75 0 7501 0 0 ’ 0’ 0 75 0 75 10’ 24 10’ ’ 24010’ 240 2400’ Fig 11: Hydrogeomorphological Map of the study area0’ Fig.9: Slope-Aspect Map The study area mainly consists a few isolated low, flat-topped hills and mounds at places. The depositional and 4.5 Landuse/Landcover pattern of the area erosional landforms are developed in the area of present investigation. The differential hardness of rock masses is evidence of their resistance to weathering.