March 2021 Adar / Nisan 5781
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xxx Contents The Jewish Day ............................................................................................................................... 6 A. What is a day? ..................................................................................................................... 6 B. Jewish Days As ‘Natural’ Days ........................................................................................... 7 C. When does a Jewish day start and end? ........................................................................... 8 D. The values we can learn from the Jewish day ................................................................... 9 Appendix: Additional Information About the Jewish Day ..................................................... 10 The Jewish Week .......................................................................................................................... 13 A. An Accompaniment to Shabbat ....................................................................................... 13 B. The Days of the Week are all Connected to Shabbat ...................................................... 14 C. The Days of the Week are all Connected to the First Week of Creation ........................ 17 D. The Structure of the Jewish Week .................................................................................... 18 E. Deeper Lessons About the Jewish Week ......................................................................... 18 F. Did You Know? ................................................................................................................. -
Passover Guide & March 2021
VIRTUAL SEDERS MARCH 27 5:00PM MARCH 28 5:00PM PAGE 3 PASSOVER GUIDE & MARCH 2021 ADAR / NISSAN1 5781 BULLETIN A MESSAGE FOR PASSOVER A Message for Passover Every year we remind the participants at the Passover table that the recounting of the experience is a “Haggadah,” a telling, and not a “Kriyah,” a reading. What’s the difference? A reading is simply going by the script of what’s on the page. A telling, on the other hand, requires both creativity, and the art, making the story pop. While the words on the page of the Haggadah have been the basis for the Passover Seder for thousands of years, they are merely jumping off points for rituals, conversations, and teaching the Passover narrative to our children and to each other. Taking part in a fulfilling Seder isn’t about reading every word on the page, but rather making the words that you do read come to life. Look no further than the famous Haggadah section of the Four Children to remind us of our responsibility to make the Seder interesting for every kind of participant. The Haggadah offers us four different types of Seder guests, the wise one, the rebellious one, the simple one, and the one who doesn’t know how to ask. We are given guidelines for how to explain the meaning of Passover to each of them. The four children remind us that each type of person at the table requires a different type of experience, and it’s the leader’s job to make the narrative relevant for each of them. -
Jewish-And-Asian-Pacific-Heritage
In May 2021, We celebrated Jewish American and Asian American Heritage! Click the buttons to the right to explore more about Jewish American and Asian Pacific American history. Today, America is home to around 7 million Jewish Americans. Click the buttons below for more! Click the button below to return to the main menu Learn Jewish Americans may identify as Jewish based on religion, ethnic upbringing, or both. The Jewish population in America is diverse and includes all races and ethnicities. Did you know? • Hall of Famer Sandy Koufax, one of the most famous Jewish athletes in American sports, made national headlines when he refused to pitch in the first game of the 1965 World Series because it fell on Yom Kippur. • Hanukkah is not the most popular holiday in Jewish heritage. Passover is the most celebrated of all Jewish holidays with more than 70% of Jewish Americans taking part in a seder, its ritual meal. Hanukkah may be the best known Jewish holiday in the United States. But despite its popularity in the U.S., Hanukkah is ranked one of Judaism’s minor festivals, and nowhere else does it garner such attention. The holiday is mostly a domestic celebration, although special holiday prayers also expand synagogue worship. Explore Hanukkah The Menorah Hanukkah may be the most well The Hanukkah menorah (or chanukiah) is known Jewish holiday in the United a nine-branched candelabrum lit during the States. But despite its popularity in eight-day holiday of Hanukkah, as opposed the U.S., Hanukkah is ranked one to the seven-branched menorah used in of Judaism’s minor festivals, and the ancient Temple or as a symbol. -
The Torah's Calendar - Mindfulness of the Divine Rhythm
Hebrew for Christians www.hebrew4christians.com Introduction to the Calendar The Torah's Calendar - Mindfulness of the Divine Rhythm To every thing there is a season, and a time to every purpose under the heaven (Eccl 3:1) Introduction The very first word of the Torah indicates the awareness of the significance of time - tyviarEB. –“in the beginning... ” (Genesis 1:1), and according to Rabbinic tradition, the very first commandment given to the children of Israel after being delivered from Egypt was to sanctify the “New Moon” (Exodus 12:1-2), thereby causing the fledgling nation to depart from the solar tradition of the Egyptians ( Ra worship) and to look to the moon for a new means of reckoning time and seasons. The Hebrew lunar calendar is “set” differently than the solar calendar. The day begins at sundown; the climactic day of the week is Shabbat - the seventh day of the week; the moon and its phases in the night sky are the timepiece for the months, and the seasons of the year are marked with special festivals or mo’edim (appointed times). Even the years are numbered: every seventh year was sh’mitah - a Sabbatical year (Lev. 25:2-5), and after seven cycles of sh’mitah the Yovel , or Jubilee Year was to be observed (Lev. 25:8-17). Indeed, according to the Jewish sages, the history of the world may be understood as seven 1,000 year “days,” corresponding to the seven days of creation. In fact, the Talmud (Avodah Zarah, 9A) states that the olam hazeh (this world) will only exist for six thousand years, while the seventh millennium will be an era of worldwide shalom called the olam haba (world to come). -
The Four Special Shabbatot: Shekalim, Zakhor, Parah, and Hahodesh
The four special Shabbatot: Shekalim, Zakhor, Parah, and HaHodesh As Purim and Passover approach four special Torah and Haftarah readings are added to the weekly lectionary of the Torah. They are called the Arba Parshiyot (four Torah portions). The first of these Shabbatot is Shabbat Shekalim which is read on the Shabbat prior to or on Rosh Hodesh Adar or in a leap year Rosh Hodesh Adar Sheni (Second Adar). The reading is of the census in the Wilderness of Sinai conducted by Moses by means of each Israeli giving a half- Shekel and the counting the Shekalim. ((Shemot 30:11-16). In later times the Shekalim were used for the purchase of the communal sacrifice offered morning and evening. The second Shabbat is Zakhor (Deuteronomy 25:17-19) it is read on the Shabbat preceding the holiday of Purim: 17) Remember what Amalek did unto you by the way as you came out of Egypt. 18) How he met you by the way, and killed your stragglers, all that were weak in your rear, when you were faint and weary: and he did not fear God. 19) Therefore it shall be, when the Lord your God has given you rest from all your enemies around, in the land which the Lord your god dives you for an inheritance to possess it, that you shall blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven; you shall not forget. The tie-in to Purim is that in the Haftarah First Samuel 15:2-34 King Saul makes war on the Amalekites and captures their King Agag. -
SHABBAT SHALOM WELCOME April 13 / 8 Nisan Shabbat Parashat M
SHABBAT SHALOM WELCOME April 13 / 8 Nisan Shabbat Parashat M’tzora Shabbat Hagadol Services led by Rabbi Michael Gotlieb and Cantor Samuel Cohen Torah: Leviticus 14:33 (page 663) read by Cantor Melanie Fine Haftorah: Malachi 3:4 (page1295) chanted by Celeste Erdley Greeters: Judy and Manny Baker This morning=s Torah portion, M=tzora, describes the ritual process by which a recovered leper is reintegrated into the community of Israel. As the Etz Hayim Torah translation suggests: AWe can read it as a description of the Israelites= attitude to the experience of recovering from illness.@ Thousands of years later, we too can learn from the ritual re-immersion proposed by the text. When it comes to the inevitable illnesses all of us face or have faced, such a return to health should include prayers of relief along with an important declaration underscoring a deep and heightened appreciation for life. We welcome you to join us after services today for Kiddush. UPCOMING Monday, April 15 7:00 pm - Men’s and Women’s Club - AIPAC 2019 Review Wednesday, April 17 6:15 pm - Executive Board Meeting 7:15 pm - Choir 7:30 pm - Board of Trustees Meeting Thursday, April 18 12 noon - Passover Teach-in with Rabbi Gotlieb and Cantor Cohen Friday, April 19 6:00 pm - Passover Services and Seder at KM Saturday, April 20 9:30 am - 1st day Passover and Shabbat Services 11:00 am - JAYDE Shabbat Sunday Sunday, April 21 9:30 am - 2nd day Passover Services at KM S PASSOVER SERVICES Friday, April 19 @ 6:00 pm - Erev Pesach - 1st Night Community Seder at KM Saturday April 20 @ 9:30 am - 1st day Passover and Shabbat Services at KM Sunday, April 21 @ 9:30 am - 2nd day Passover Services at KM Friday, April 26 @ 9:30 am - 7th day Passover Services at Mishkon Tephilo Saturday, April 27 @ 9:30 am - 8th day Passover, Yizkor, and Shabbat Services at KM BAT MITZVAH PROJECT Kate Woodhall is collecting gently used elementary books for Access Books. -
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Robyn A Lindley. Medical Research Archives vol 8 issue 8. Medical Research Archives REVIEW ARTICLE Review of the mutational role of deaminases and the generation of a cognate molecular model to explain cancer mutation spectra Author Robyn A Lindley1,2 1Department of Clinical Pathology 2GMDx Genomics Ltd, The Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre Level 3 162 Collins Street, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences Melbourne VIC3000, AUSTRALIA University of Melbourne, Email: [email protected] 305 Gratton Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, AUSTRALIA Email: [email protected] Correspondence: Robyn A Lindley, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, 305 Gratton Street, Melbourne VIC 3000 AUSTRALIA Mobile: +61 (0) 414209132 Email: [email protected] Abstract Recent developments in somatic mutation analyses have led to the discovery of codon-context targeted somatic mutation (TSM) signatures in cancer genomes: it is now known that deaminase mutation target sites are far more specific than previously thought. As this research provides novel insights into the deaminase origin of most of the somatic point mutations arising in cancer, a clear understanding of the mechanisms and processes involved will be valuable for molecular scientists as well as oncologists and cancer specialists in the clinic. This review will describe the basic research into the mechanism of antigen-driven somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin variable genes (Ig SHM) that lead to the discovery of TSM signatures, and it will show that an Ig SHM-like signature is ubiquitous in the cancer exome. Most importantly, the data discussed in this review show that Ig SHM-like cancer-associated signatures are highly targeted to cytosine (C) and adenosine (A) nucleotides in a characteristic codon-context fashion. -
1 ADAR1 Regulation of Innate RNA Sensing in Immune Disease
ADAR1 Regulation of Innate RNA Sensing in Immune Disease Megan Maurano A dissertation Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2021 Reading Committee: Daniel Stetson, Chair Julie Overbaugh Michael Emerman Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Molecular and Cellular Biology 1 © Copyright 2021 Megan Maurano 2 University of Washington Abstract ADAR1 Regulation of Innate RNA Sensing in Immune Disease Megan Maurano Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Daniel B. Stetson Department of Immunology Detection of nucleic acids and production of type I interferons (IFNs) are principal elements of antiviral defense, but can cause autoimmune disease if dysregulated. Loss of function mutations in the human ADAR gene cause Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome (AGS), a rare and severe autoimmune disease that resembles congenitally acquired viral infection. Our lab and others defined ADAR1 as an essential negative regulator of an RNA-sensing pathway. Specifically, accumulation of endogenous ADAR1 RNA substrates within cells triggers type I IFN production through the anti-viral MDA5/MAVS pathway, highlighting the connection between innate antiviral responses and autoimmunity, with important implications for the treatment of AGS and related diseases. However, the mechanisms of MDA5-dependent disease pathogenesis in vivo remain unknown. Here, we introduce a knockin mouse that models the most common ADAR AGS mutation in humans. In defining this model we confirm that the unique z-alpha domain of ADAR1 is required, along with the deaminase domain, for MDA5 regulation. We establish that it is haploinsufficiency paired with an otherwise non-deleterious allele that drives disease, and may explain the dominance of this allele amongst the broader population. -
The Months of Spring: Purim Through Pesach
The Months of Spring: Purim through Pesach The Months of Spring A Journey from Purim to Pesach In the Jewish world, we're moon-watchers, because each new month begins on the new month. In the late winter we look up into the night sky and sight the slim crescent New Moon of the Hebrew month called Adar, the month whose motto is: With the month of Adar, Joy increases! Why? - because winter is winding down, and the festival of Purim is coming! One month (moonth!) later we'll see the new moon of Nisan, which arrives in the night sky to really herald the coming of spring!. This new moon ushers in the month of Nisan, The Month of Spring: liberation from the tight cold of winter! Rebirth! On the full moon of Nisan - what happens? The festival of Pesach - Passover! - If we understand the spiritual journey that begins in Nisan, we'll have some of the tools we need to understand Purim and the gifts and challenges this seemingly minor holiday brings. So lets look at the month of Nisan first, and then come back to Adar and the festival of Purim. The month of Nisan, the month of spring, is sometimes called the month of "speaking," because Passover is in this month, and the Hebrew for Passover is PESACH. The rabbis extract a teaching from the word Pesach, which literally means to "pass over." But it happens that in Hebrew the verb sach means "to tell;" peh is "mouth." Thus Pesach, Passover, can also mean a "mouth that tells!" And what a story we tell! On the full moon of Nisan, we gather to share a Passover feast. -
The Month of Elul Is the Last Month of the Jewish Civil Year
The Jewish Month of Elul A Month of Mercy and Forgiveness Hodesh haRahamin vehaSelihot The month of Elul is the last month of the Jewish civil year. However, according to the biblical Calendar, it is also the sixth month, counting from Nisan which is called the “first of the months” in the Torah (Ex. 12:2). This document explores the spirituality of Elul for Jews and Judaism. Etz Hayim—“Tree of Life” Publishing “It is a Tree of Life to all who hold fast to It” (Prov. 3:18) The Month of Elul The month of Elul1 is the last month of the Jewish civil year. However, according to the biblical Calendar, it is also the sixth month, counting from Nisan which is called the “first of the months” in the Torah (Ex. 12:2). Elul precedes the month of Tishrei (called the seventh month, Numbers 29:1). Placed as the last of the months and followed by the New Year, Elul invites an introspective reflection on the year that has been. Elul begins the important liturgical season of Return and Repentance which culminates with Rosh HaShanah,2 the Days of Awe3 and Yom Kippur4 (1-10 Tishrei). Elul takes its place as an important preparation time for repentance. Elul follows the months of Tammuz and Av, both catastrophic months for Israel according to tradition. Tammuz is remembered as the month in which the people of Israel built the Golden Calf (Ex. 32) and Av, the month of the sin of the spies (Num. 13). The proximity of Tammuz and Av to Elul underscores the penitential mode of this, the last of the months, before the new beginning and spiritual re-creation that is precipitated with the New Year beginning the following month of Tishrei. -
ADAR Gene Adenosine Deaminase, RNA Specific
ADAR gene adenosine deaminase, RNA specific Normal Function The ADAR gene provides instructions for making a protein called RNA-specific adenosine deaminase 1 (ADAR1). This protein is involved in making changes to (editing) ribonucleic acid (RNA), a chemical cousin of DNA. Specifically, it attaches (binds) to RNA and changes an RNA building block (nucleotide) called adenosine to another nucleotide called inosine. The ADAR1 protein is involved in the control of the innate immune response, which is the immune system's early response to foreign invaders (pathogens). The adenosine-to- inosine editing performed by ADAR1 is thought to change certain areas of the body's own RNA that the immune system might interpret as belonging to a virus that should be attacked. In this way, the protein helps the immune system avoid inappropriate targeting of the body's own tissues. The ADAR1 protein is also thought to inhibit the replication and spread of certain viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C, by modifying their RNA. In addition, the ADAR1 protein controls the function of certain chemical messengers called neurotransmitters at particular sites in the body by modifying the RNA blueprint for receptor proteins that interact with the neurotransmitters. Studies suggest that the ADAR1 protein may have other functions that are not well understood. Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes Aicardi-Goutières syndrome At least 30 ADAR gene mutations have been identified in people with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, a disorder that involves severe brain dysfunction (encephalopathy), skin lesions, immune system abnormalities, and other health problems. Some of these mutations lead to an ADAR1 protein that is less able to bind to RNA; others impair the protein's RNA editing function. -
Brian J. Booth, Lina Bagepalli, Jason Dean, Stephen Burleigh, Susan Byrne, Richard Sullivan, Yiannis Savva, Adrian W
Deep Screening of Guide RNAs Enables Therapeutic RNA Editing with Endogenous ADAR Brian J. Booth, Lina Bagepalli, Jason Dean, Stephen Burleigh, Susan Byrne, Richard Sullivan, Yiannis Savva, Adrian W. Briggs Summary Our Approach Results • ShapeTX developed RNAfixTM-HTS, a powerful discovery platform that enables RNAfixTM-HTS profiles RNA secondary structures to identify optimal gRNAs. RNAfixTM-HTS unlocked editing across three clinical targets. therapeutic ADAR-based RNA editing by identifying gene-encoded ADAR guide d) The ADAR-treated library TM RNAs (gRNAs) that can redirect endogenous ADAR to sites of G->A mutations. Variable gRNA A-C mismatch gRNA 112,000 gRNAs screened RNAfix -HTS gRNA TM is sequenced with NGS to • RNAfix -HTS overcomes current technological limitations by profiling up to identify promising gRNAs. hundreds of thousands of structurally unique gRNAs for each given target, to Constant target RNA LRRK2 identify designs that create ADAR-optimal substrates when bound to that target. a) For each novel target, a large G2019S • RNAfixTM-HTS applied to three targets of interest generated completely novel range of structurally randomized gRNA sequences that allow highly efficient and specific ADAR editing of each gRNAs are designed. % editing % editing target, showing the potential of a long-lasting therapeutic approach that will not require chemically modified gRNA or sequence-engineered ADAR. • LRRK2 G2019S is a G->A mutation that causes familial Parkinson’s disease. RNAfixTM-HTS identified novel gRNAs that enable ADAR-based editing of this mutation with much higher Introduction efficiency and specificity than with a conventional A-C mismatch gRNA. 2,500 gRNAs screened TM • Therapeutic RNA editing by redirecting natural ADAR enzymes b) A library of the variant gRNAs is c) The entire library is treated with A-C mismatch gRNA RNAfix -HTS gRNA has huge promise as a safe method of gene therapy without the created and bound to the target RNA.