Les Films Coupés En Deux 3

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Les Films Coupés En Deux 3 ECOLE NATIONALE SUPÉRIEURE LOUIS LUMIÈRE LA CITE DU CINEMA – 20, RUE AMPERE 93 213 LA PLAINE SAINT-DENIS CEDEX Tel : + 33 (0)1 84 67 00 01 MEMOIRE DE FIN DʼETUDES SECTION CINEMA, PROMOTION 2010/2013 LES FILMS COUPÉS EN DEUX Pierre-Loup DOCTEUR 15, rue du Puits de lʼErmite 75 005 PARIS Tel : 06 89 24 26 55 Courriel : [email protected] Ce mémoire est accompagné de la partie pratique intitulée : LA DAME DE PIQUE Directeurs de mémoire : Jérôme BOIVIN et Frédéric SABOURAUD Coordinateur des mémoires : Giusy PISANO Coordinateur de la partie pratique (PPM) : Michel COTERET 2 SOMMAIRE REMERCIEMENTS p. 5 RÉSUMÉ / ABSTRACT p. 6 QU’EST CE QU’UN FILM COUPÉ EN DEUX? p. 9 1. LE FILM COUPÉ EN DEUX : DIFFÉRENCES AVEC LA STRUCTURE CLASSIQUE D’UN RÉCIT p. 14 Chapitre 1 : Une première partie menée selon un apparent p. 14 respect de la structure ternaire 1. Le paradigme du scénario classique p. 14 2. Une histoire qui se met en place p. 15 3. Situation initiale et élément perturbateur p. 16 Chapitre 2 : Introduction des personnages p. 17 1. Une identité précisée tardivement p. 17 2. Absence de passé p. 18 3. Absence de héros p. 19 Chapitre 3 : Des effets d’étrangeté dès la première partie p. 24 1. Ellipses et sautes chez Tarantino et Hong sang-soo p. 27 3. L’homme nu dans Tropical Malady p. 29 4. Effets d’étrangeté dans la première partie de Mulholland Drive p. 30 Chapitre 4 : Le moment de la césure p. 33 1 - L’intrigue n’est pas terminée p. 34 2 – Disparition des personnages p. 36 3 – Trou noir p. 38 MEMOIRE DE FIN D’ETUDES - 2013 - PIERRE-LOUP DOCTEUR – LES FILMS COUPÉS EN DEUX 3 Chapitre 5 : Reconfiguration du film dans une seconde p. 41 partie 1 – Une partie sereine et une partie cauchemardesque p. 41 2 – Occurrences entre les deux parties : des éléments qui reviennent sous une forme nouvelle p. 43 3 – Rupture de style : Tropical Malady, Mulholland Drive et p. 47 Boulevard de la mort 4 – Conservation d’une même esthétique : Copie conforme et La Vierge mise à nu par ses prétendants p. 53 2. REMISE EN CAUSE DE LA FICTION VERIDIQUE p. 56 Chapitre 1 : Question de la narrativité et du récit p. 56 1. Les rapports possibles entre narrativité et récit p. 56 2. « L’euphorie narrative » p. 57 3. Les fictions véridiques p. 62 4. Deux parties véridiques p. 63 Chapitre 2 : Le film coupé en deux est dysnarratif p. 66 1. Contestation du récit par lui même p. 66 2. Procédés dysnarratifs p. 68 3. La fiction falsifiante et l’image-cristal p. 73 4. Des films falsifiants (ou films-cristal) p. 76 5. Une structure en forme de ruban de Möbius p. 79 Chapitre 3 : Des films postmodernes p. 81 1. Le cinéma postmoderne p. 81 2. « Recognize & enjoy » : les films allusionnistes p. 83 3. Le film-concert p. 89 MEMOIRE DE FIN D’ETUDES - 2013 - PIERRE-LOUP DOCTEUR – LES FILMS COUPÉS EN DEUX 4 3. EFFETS PRODUITS SUR LE SPECTATEUR p. 94 Chapitre 1 : Vertige et destabilisation p. 94 1. Retour à Vertigo p. 94 2. Le vertige de Scottie p. 100 3. Absence de sens unique p. 105 4. Une expérience inédite de la réalité p. 108 Chapitre 2 : Une seconde partie hantée par des fantômes p. 110 1. Les personnages sont amnésiques p. 110 2. Les personnages sont doubles p. 112 3. Que reste-t-il du personnage après la césure ? p. 113 4. Des personnages qui gagnent en épaisseur p. 114 5. Des espaces à investir p. 116 Chapitre 3 : Dimension ludique du film coupé en deux p. 118 1. Déconstruction temporelle dans le cinéma contemporain p. 118 2. Plaisir de la répétition p. 120 DÉCONSTRUCTION ET RE-CRÉATION p. 123 FILMOGRAPHIE p. 126 BIBLIOGRAPHIE p. 129 TABLE DES ILLUSTRATIONS p. 132 PPM : LA DAME DE PIQUE p. 133 MEMOIRE DE FIN D’ETUDES - 2013 - PIERRE-LOUP DOCTEUR – LES FILMS COUPÉS EN DEUX 5 REMERCIEMENTS Je tiens à remercier mes directeurs de mémoire, Jérôme BOIVIN et Frédéric SABOURAUD, pour leur disponibilité et leur soutien tout au long de ce travail. Je les remercie pour toutes les pistes qu’ils m’ont conseillées de suivre, pour les remarques pertinentes qu’ils ont formulées sur mon travail, pour les discussions intéressantes que nous avons eues autour de ce sujet et pour leur investissement constant aussi bien dans la partie théorique que dans la partie pratique de ce mémoire. Merci également à Giusy PISANO et Florent FAJOLE pour les pistes bibliographiques qu’ils m’ont suggérées, et à Marieke MILLE, pour ses multiples relectures et ses conseils avisés. Un grand merci à toute l’équipe bénévole de La Dame de Pique : Lyré, Rodolphe, Céline, Alexandre, Raphaël, Hélène, Enzo, Benjamin, Corentin, Bilal, Chloé, Cécilia, Fanny, Manon, Paul, Léontine, Haroun, Ivanna, Claudio, et tous ceux qui se sont investis dans ce projet. Enfin, merci à Michel COTERET et Françoise BARANGER. MEMOIRE DE FIN D’ETUDES - 2013 - PIERRE-LOUP DOCTEUR – LES FILMS COUPÉS EN DEUX 6 RÉSUMÉ Ce travail aborde le fonctionnement des films coupés en deux, pratique contemporaine qui marque une césure dans la narration et redistribue les données d’une première partie du film dans une seconde. Mulholland Drive de David Lynch, La vierge mise à nu par ses prétendants de Hong Sang-soo, Copie conforme d’Abbas Kiarostami, Boulevard de la mort de Quentin Tarantino et Tropical Malady d’Apichatpong Weerasethakul suivent cette structure et constituent, à ce titre, le corpus sur lequel s'appuie ce travail. De l'étude de ces films découlent les trois parties de notre analyse qui s’attachent successivement à décrire les différences entre la structure du film coupé en deux et la narration classique, analyser la remise en question de la fiction véridique impliquée par cette structure et enfin, cerner la sensation de vertige – terme ici employé dans toute sa polysémie – produite sur le spectateur. Ces différentes problématiques permettent de mettre en avant la spécificité du film coupé en deux, celle de doter les deux parties d’un même coefficient de réalité les faisant, de ce fait, entrer en collision et provoquant, par la juxtaposition se deux narrations véridiques, l’émergence de l’œuvre comme une fiction falsifiante. En même temps qu’il déstabilise, le film coupé en deux relève du jeu avec le spectateur, un jeu de déconstruction et de recréation. Mots clés : deux parties, césure, déconstruction, réécriture, postmodernité, vertige, film-jeu, répétition MEMOIRE DE FIN D’ETUDES - 2013 - PIERRE-LOUP DOCTEUR – LES FILMS COUPÉS EN DEUX 7 ABSTRACT This work deals with “movies cut in two parts”, a contemporary film making process, based on a narrative caesura that reassign the data of the first part of the film in a second one. David Lynch's Mulholland Drive, Hong Sang-soo's Virgin Stripped Bare By Her Bachelors, Abbas Kiarostami's Certified Copy, Quentin Tarantino's Death Proof and Apichatpong Weerasethakul's Tropical Malady all follow this kind of structure and therefore set up the corpus on which this work is based on. The three parts of the analysis result from the study of these films, which successively consist in describing the differences between the structure of “movies cut in two parts” and films with a classical narration, then to analyze this structure's implication in the "truthful fiction"'s questioning, and finally to define the vertigo's sensation - in the word's all polysemy - produced on the spectator. Those issues highlight the specificity of “movies cut in two parts”, in particular the one that gives both the parts the same reality coefficient, confronting them to each other and provoking, by the juxtaposition of two truthful narrations, the emergence of the film as a falsified fiction. Whilst the “movies cut in two parts” unsettles the spectator, it comes under a game with him, a game of deconstruction and recreation. Key words: two parts, truncation, deconstruction, rewriting, postmodernism, vertigo, game, rehearsal MEMOIRE DE FIN D’ETUDES - 2013 - PIERRE-LOUP DOCTEUR – LES FILMS COUPÉS EN DEUX 8 « Qu’est ce qu’un grand film contemporain ? Pas seulement un très beau film, mais aussi une œuvre qui cartographie un état cinéma. Pas seulement un film singulier, solitaire, mais une œuvre qui dialogue avec celles de son époque, s’inscrit dans un paysage, dont elle modifie légèrement l’appréhension.Ta! bou de Miguel Gomes est assurément un très beau film, un des plus beaux que l’actualité du cinéma nous ait donné à voir ces dernières années. Mais c’est surtout la forme la plus contemporaine que peut prendre aujourd’hui un grand film. Tabou entre à la table de jeu de David Lynch et Apichatpong Weerasethakul pour disputer le même poker formel, non sans précédemment en avoir puissamment rebattu les cartes. !Ce jeu, ouvert à tous les possibles, ne connait qu’un protocole fixe : couper en deux – comme on le fait d’un jeu de cartes avant des les distribuer aux joueurs. Mulholland drive, Tropical Malady, Tabou : trois films, depuis l’entrée dans le nouveau millénaire, nous ont semblé sismographier plus précisément que tous les autres les pulsations de l’époque. Et chacun d’eux comporte cette troublante particularité : arrivé à leur mitan (un peu après pour le premier, un peu avant pour le dernier), ils s’interrompent brusquement, puis repartent, mais en ayant reconfiguré leurs paramètres.! Revoir ces trois films coupés en deux – auquel on peut adjoindre un quatrième, pas moins conceptuel malgré son alacrité de farce avec grosses voitures et surdouées du lapdance (Boulevard de la mort) – permet d’envisager toutes les puissances de cette forme où un récit se ré-enroule.
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