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COVERSHEET TITLE: Roles of Zic2 and Zic3 in Early Development

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COVERSHEET TITLE: Roles of Zic2 and Zic3 in Early Development COVERSHEET TITLE: Roles of Zic2 and Zic3 in early development DEPARTMENT: Department of Zoology MENTOR: Yevgenya Grinblat DEPARTMENT: Department of Zoology MENTOR(2): ________________________ DEPARTMENT(2): _______________________ {The following statement must be included if you want your paper included in the library's electronic repository.) The author hereby grants to University of Wisconsin-Madison the permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. ABSTRACT Roles of Zic2 and Zic3 in early development The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in modulating embryonic development. Malfunctions in the vertebrate Hh pathway involving Sonic Hedgehog Homolog (Shh) have been linked to cancers including basal cell carcinoma and developmental disorders like holoprosencephaly. Zic3, a zinc-finger transcription factor, is hypothesized to activate Shh- mediated Hh signaling. This is based on data demonstrating ZIC3 often binds to GLI consensus motif, and Zic3-depleted embryos express lower levels of Shlz. To test this hypothesis, a line ofzebrafish embryos carrying a nonsense mutation of Zic3 was examined for morphology ofthe forebrain and retina. Unexpecte.{lly, no visible defects were found in embryos homozygous for the mutant allele through five days of development, and an expression assay of three Hh pathway genes (Shh, Hhip, and G/i2a) via in situ hybridization in Zic3 mutants showed normal patterns of Hh target expression. These data suggest Zic3 has redundant functions or gene compensation is occurring, in comparison to ZicJ-depleted embryos. In a parallel approach, we are investigating A/xi, a candidate target of Zic2. A/xi is strongly implicated in the development of neural crest (NC) cells, as is the Zic gene family. Zic2 and A/xi promote specification of NC cells. Pericytes, a mural cell type important for vascular development, are one of many cell lineages derived from NC cells. Zic2 mutants exhibit hemorrhage indicative of aberrant vasculogenesis, which may be due to aberrant pericyte formation. To test this hypothesis, immunohistochemistry was used to assay expression of Pdgfi·b, a gene expressed in pericytes, in A/xi morpholino­ injected embryos. Analysis of the dorso-medial midrain-hindbrain boundary found smaller quantities of pericytes within A/xi- depleted embryos than in controls, suggesting A/xi has an impact on migration, differentiation, or a combination of both factors on pericyte development. This study has provided potential insight into Zic gene family function in early development and may enhance understanding of diseases associated with it. __Dan Fox, Biology--- Jenya Grinblat, Zoology Author Name/Major Mentor Name epartment ~ '7 _ 'l!E~&lllii!llF-s~x ~ ~" ' /,w), . Author Signature Mento~~~nature _5/11/2016_____ _ Date Roles of Zic2 and Zic3 in early development Dan Fox1 1Deparhnent of Zoology, University of\Visconsin-Madison .
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